1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 313及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 0 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 5 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 When was Twain born? （ A） 1865. （ B） 1825. （ C） 1835 （ D） 1845 12 What job did Twain get on the Mississippi? （ A） Type-setter. （ B） Writer. （ C） River pilot. （ D） Reporter. 13 Why did Twain go to West? （ A） To prospect for silver and gold. （ B） To get away from the war and the
5、army. （ C） Because of the outbreak of the Civil War. （ D） To travel. 14 How long does a master s degree take in Switzerland? （ A） One year. （ B） Two years. （ C） Three years. （ D） Four years. 15 Who has to choose from a booklet of fifty courses for study? （ A） Students specializing in computer scienc
6、e. （ B） Students studying for a bachelor s degree. （ C） Students doing Ph. D. （ D） Students studying for a master s degree. 16 Why does the speaker think the computer science education in Switzerland is particularly good? （ A） Because it is quite wide-ranging. （ B） Because there s more emphasis on a
7、pplied Information Technology. （ C） Because there are more grants available. （ D） Because students can get money from the state. 17 What is Einstein s greatest contribution to human beings? （ A） His teaching. （ B） His theory of relativity. （ C） His theory on advanced mathematics. （ D） His research.
8、18 When did Einstein s family move to Munich? （ A） When he was 2 years old. （ B） When he was 14 years old. （ C） When he finished his study. （ D） When he became a teacher. 19 When did Einstein begin teaching? （ A） In 1901. （ B） In 1902. （ C） In 1910. （ D） In 1879. 20 How did Einstein explain Relativi
9、ty to young students? （ A） Patiently. （ B） Intelligently. （ C） Indifferently. （ D） Vividly. Part A 20 The United States leads all industrial nations in the proportion of its young men and women who receive higher education. Why is this? What motivates a middle-income family with two children to【 B1】
10、 _ loans for up to $120, 000 so that their son and daughter can【 B2】 _private universities for four years? Why would both parents in a low-income family take jobs to support their three children at a state universityeach【 B3】 _an annual cost of $4,000? Why should a woman in her forties quit her job
11、and use her savings to【 B4】 _for the college education she did not receive when she was【 B5】 _? Americans place a high personal value【 B6】 _higher education. This is an attitude that goes【 B7】 _to the countrys oldest political traditions. People in the United States have always believed that educati
12、on is necessary for【 B8】 _a democratic government. They believe that it prepares the individual【 B9】 _informed intelligent, political participation, including voting. Before World War II, a high school education seemed adequate for【 B10】_most peoples needs, but the post-war period produced dozens of
13、 new questions for Americans. How should atomic【 B11】 _be used? Should scientists be【 B12】 _to experiment in splitting genes? Should money be spent on【 B13】_astronauts into spaceor should it be used for aid to another nation? Americans rarely express a direct vote on such complex matters, but the re
14、presentatives they elect【 B14】 _decide such issues. In recent years,【 B15】 _a result, many Americans have begun to regard a college education as necessary to becoming an informed American voter. 21 【 B1】 22 【 B2】 23 【 B3】 24 【 B4】 25 【 B5】 26 【 B6】 27 【 B7】 28 【 B8】 29 【 B9】 30 【 B10】 31 【 B11】 32 【
15、 B12】 33 【 B13】 34 【 B14】 35 【 B15】 Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 35 If your friend hopes to read your Shakespeare, or The Federalist Papers, tell him, gently but firmly, to buy a
16、 copy. You will lend him your car or your coatbut your books are as much a part of you as your head or your heart. The demoralizing environment, decrepit (老朽的 ) building and minimal materials make the high school experience for these children an uphill battle. Merely graduating from such a high scho
17、ol is difficult, much less becoming a high-caliber science or engineering student. Schools with students from a higher socioeconomic level would not tolerate the obstacles I encountered daily. Improvements need to be made efficiently and made soon, or the divisions among people in this country will
18、only become more extreme. Of course, there are things that concerned citizens can do to help. Get involved with a school, especially one in a poor area. Volunteer to give a presentation or just to spend time with the children. My students were excited to talk to an insurance salesperson who came to
19、give a career exploration lecture. They not only were genuinely interested in the opportunities he described but also were amazed that such a man would donate an afternoon to them. Although those measures can help, they are not enough. For teaching to be effective, the entire environment of the inne
20、r city needs to be changed. Teaching someone the difference between velocity and acceleration is irrelevant if the person is hungry and scared. Programs that educate parents in child-rearing, organize low-income groups into cooperative units, fight drug trafficking and help to clean up the ghettos p
21、hysically will improve the life in the community. The small alterations and “new“ proposals currently filling the newspapers are certainly not strong enough to transform a decaying and demoralized school structure that has been disintegrating for decades. Inner-city schools need so much more, and th
22、e children deserve so much more than our society is willing to give. Like many other people, I entered the teaching profession eager to investigate change and found many institutionalized obstacles in my way. It should not be so difficult to make a difference. 36 By saying “an uphill battle“ , the a
23、uthor means_. （ A） a tough task （ B） a easy job （ C） an upgrade class （ D） climbing a hill 37 We can learn from the text that_. （ A） the political circle will offer the help to the high schools （ B） giving a presentation is beneficial to students （ C） teaching methods have to be changed （ D） student
24、s are afraid to talk to strangers 38 The author believes that_. （ A） the divisions among people result from their property （ B） a high-caliber science student graduates from a ordinary high school （ C） the small alterations should be done immediately （ D） the societys help to inner-city schools is i
25、nadequate 39 It is the authors opinion that_will improve the life of inner city people. （ A） offering more education programs to students （ B） helping to clean up the ghettos physically （ C） taking measures to help extreme poor students （ D） bringing up more engineering students 40 It can be conclud
26、ed from the authors remarks that_. （ A） we should educate more high schools students （ B） the obstacles in teachers way should be moved away （ C） the decaying school buildings should be reconstructed （ D） we should build up more high schools in our city 40 Many phrases used to describe monetary poli
27、cy, such as “ steering the economy to a soft landing “or “a touch on the brakes“ , makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The relation between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect o
28、n the economy. Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel. Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about. Average inflation in the big seven ind
29、ustrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% one year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2. 5% the next July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1930s. It is also less than most forecasters has predicted. In
30、 late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that Americas inflation rate would average 3. 5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage poi
31、nt below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan; over the past few years, inflation has been continually lower than expected in Britain and America. Economists have been particularly surprised by favourable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since co
32、nventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially that of America, have little productive slack. Americas capacity utilisation, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unem
33、ploymentthe rate below which inflation has taken off in the past. Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have up-ended the old economic models which were based upon th
34、e historical link between growth and inflation. 41 According to the text, making monetary policy changes_. （ A） is comparable to driving a car （ B） is similar to carrying out scientific work （ C） will not influence the economy immediately （ D） will have an immediate impact on the inflation rate 42 F
35、rom the text we leant that_. （ A） there is a clear relationship between inflation and interest rates （ B） the economy always follows particular trends （ C） the current economic problems are entirely predictable （ D） the present economic situation is better than expected 43 The text suggests that_. （
36、 A） the previous economic models are still applicable （ B） an extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation （ C） a high unemployment rate will result from inflation （ D） interest rates have an immediate effect on the economy 44 By saying “This is no flash in the pan“ (Para. 3) , the author means
37、 that “ （ A） the low inflation rate will continue （ B） the inflation rate will rise again （ C） inflation will disappear entirely （ D） there is no inflation at present 45 How does the author feel about the present situation? （ A） Tolerant. （ B） Indifferent. （ C） Disappointed. （ D） Surprised. 45 Prope
38、r arrangement of classroom space is important to encouraging interaction. Most of us have noticed how important physical setting is to efficiency and comfort when we work. Today s corporations hire human engineering specialists and spend a great deal of time and money to make sure that the physical
39、environments of buildings are fit to the activities of their inhabitants. Similarly, college classroom space should be designed to encourage the activity of critical thinking. We will move into the twenty-first century, but step into almost any college classroom and you will step back in time at lea
40、st a hundred years. Desks are normally in straight rows, so students can clearly see the teacher but not all their classmates. The assumption behind such an arrangement is obvious: everything important comes from the teacher. With a little imagination and effort, unless desks are fixed to the floor,
41、 the teacher can correct this situation and create space that encourages interchanges among students. In small or standardsized classes, chairs, desks and tables can be arranged in different ways: circles, U-shapes, or semicircles. The primary goal should be for everyone to be able to see everyone e
42、lse. Larger classes, particularly those held in lecture halls, unfortunately, allow much less flexibility. Arrangement of the classroom should also make it easy to divide students into small groups for discussion or problem-solving exercises. Small classes with moveable desks and tables present no p
43、roblem. Even in large lecture halls, it is possible for students to turn around and form groups of four to six. Breaking a class into small groups provides more opportunities for students to interact with each other, think out hard, and see how other students thinking processes operateall these are
44、the most important elements in developing new modes of critical thinking. In courses that regularly use a small group format, students might be asked to stay in the same small groups throughout the course. A colleague of mine allows students to move around during the first two weeks, until they find
45、 a group they are comfortable with. He then asks them to stay in the same seat, with the same group, from then on. This not only creates a comfortable setting for interaction but helps him learn students names and faces. 46 The expression “step back in time at least a hundred years“ (Para. 2) is int
46、ended to convey the idea that_. （ A） college classrooms often remind people of their college life （ B） critical thinking was encouraged even a century ago （ C） a hundred years ago, desk arrangement in a classroom was quite different （ D） there is not much change in the college educational idea over
47、the past hundred years 47 The primary purpose of desk rearrangement is_. （ A） for the teacher to divide students into small groups （ B） to make it possible for students to interact with each other （ C） for the teacher to find out how students think （ D） to give students more opportunities to practic
48、e speaking 48 The greatest advantage in allowing each student to find his own group might be that （ A） the teacher saves the trouble in doing that （ B） learning is made comfortable in this way （ C） the teacher can easily remember students names and faces （ D） brighter students can help slower ones 4
49、9 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? （ A） New kind of desks and chairs should be made. （ B） Many companies are trying to improve the working settings for their employees. （ C） Classroom interaction between students is essential to the training of critical thinking. （ D） A comfortable environment leads to higher working efficiency. 50 Which of the following arrangements of the classroom can bring a
