1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 316及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 What is the most fundamental difference between plants and animals? （ A） Plants produce their own food but animals dont. （ B） Plant cells have a wall which is non-living in chemical nature but animal cells havent. （ C） Plants are green but animals arent. （ D） Plants cant move b
5、ut animals can. 12 Which of the following is TRUE about plants? （ A） They have the power of locomotion. （ B） They have a wider range of foods man animals. （ C） They are very diverse in their external appearance. （ D） They are less sensitive than animals. 13 What can we infer from the passage? （ A） P
6、lants have more characteristics than animals. （ B） Animals have more characteristics than plants. （ C） Plants and animals are different in several ways. （ D） Plants and animals are less powerful than human beings. 14 What must you make sure when you load the cassette? （ A） That you open the recorder
7、. （ B） That you get the power supply. （ C） That you get the right side of the tape facing you. （ D） That you switch the recorder on. 15 What may the red thing do besides recording? （ A） Wipe off the sound on the tape. （ B） Play the recorder. （ C） Set the recorder to work. （ D） Stop the recorder. 16
8、What button do you press if you Want to listen again what has been played? （ A） Pause button. （ B） Record button. （ C） Forward button. （ D） Rewind button. 17 According to the speaker, what should the listeners do as soon as possible? （ A） Find a roommate. （ B） Hand in applications. （ C） Go to Spanis
9、h house. （ D） Buy a meal ticket for the cafeteria. 18 Which type of housing allows cooking? （ A） Womens dorms. （ B） Mens dorms. （ C） Family housing. （ D） International houses. 19 Which place has no more room for students ? （ A） Coed dorms. （ B） Family student housing. （ C） International houses. （ D）
10、 Spanish house. 20 What will the listeners probably do next? （ A） Visit the type of housing they like. （ B） Move into the housing. （ C） Fill out forms. （ D） Buy a meal ticket. Part A 20 Walkinglike swimming, bicycling and runningis an aerobic exercise,【 B1】_builds the capacity for energy output and
11、physical endurance by increasing the supply of oxygen to skin and muscles. Such exercises may be a primary factor in the【 B2】 _of heart and circulatory disease. As probably the least strenuous, safest aerobic activity, walking is the【 B3】_acceptable exercise for the largest number of people. Walking
12、【 B4】_comfortable speed improves the efficiency of the cardiorespiratory system【 B5】_stimulating the lungs and heart, but at a more gradual rate than most other forms of exercise. In one test, a group of men 40 to 57 years of age,【 B6】 _at a fast pace for 40 minutes four days a week, showed improvem
13、ent【 B7】 _to men the same age on a 30 minute, three-day-a-week jogging program in the same period. Their resting heart rate and body fat decreased【 B8】 _. These changes suggest some of the importanteven vitalbenefits walking can bring about. Walking【 B9】 _ burns calories. It takes 3,500 calories to
14、gain or lose one pound. Since a one-hour walk at a moderate pace will【 B10】 _up 300 to 360 calories. By walking one hour every other day, you can burn up a pound and a half monthly, or 18 pounds 【 B11】 _providing there is no change in your intake of food. To【 B12】 _weight faster, walk an hour every
15、day and burn up 3 pounds a month, or 36 pounds a year. Whatever your age, right now is the time to give your physical well-being as much thought as you【 B13】 _to pensions or insurance. Walking is a vital defense【 B14】 _the ravages of degenerative diseases and aging. It is nature s【 B15】_of giving yo
16、u a tuneup. 21 【 B1】 22 【 B2】 23 【 B3】 24 【 B4】 25 【 B5】 26 【 B6】 27 【 B7】 28 【 B8】 29 【 B9】 30 【 B10】 31 【 B11】 32 【 B12】 33 【 B13】 34 【 B14】 35 【 B15】 Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET
17、 1. 35 Nowadays, our society is being reshaped by information technologiescomputers, telecommunications networks, and other digital systems. Of course, our society has gone through other periods of dramatic change before, driven by such innovations as the steam engine, railroad, telephone, and autom
18、obile. But never before have we experienced technologies that are evolving so rapidly, altering the constraints of time and space, and reshaping the way we communicate, learn, and think. The rapid development of digital technologies creates not only more opportunities for the society but challenges
19、to it as well. Institutions of every stripe are grappling to respond by adapting their strategies and activities. It is no exaggeration to say that information technology is completely changing the relationship between people and knowledge. But ironically, at the most knowledge-based entitiesthe col
20、leges and universitiesthe pace of transformation has been relatively modest. Although research has been transformed by information technology in many ways, and it is increasingly used for student and faculty communications, other higher-education functions have remained almost unchanged. For example
21、, teaching largely continues to follow a classroom-centered, seat-based paradigm. However, some major technology-aided teaching experiments are emerging, and some factors suggest that digital technologies may eventually drive significant change throughout academia. American academia has undergone si
22、gnificant change before. The establishment of secular education began during the 18th century and the Land-Grant College Act of 1862 resulted in another transformation. That Act created institutions serving agriculture and industries; academia was no longer just for the wealthy but charged with prov
23、iding educational opportunities to the working class as well. Around the year of 1900, the introduction of graduate education began to expand the role of the university in training students for careers both scholarly and professional. Higher education has already experienced significant technology-b
24、ased change, even if it currently lags other sectors in some areas. We expect that the new technology will eventually impose a profound impact on universitys teaching by freeing the classroom from its physical and temporal bounds and by providing students with access to original source materials and
25、 that new learning communities driven by information technology will allow universities to better teach students how to be critical analyzers and consumers of information. The information society has greatly expanded the need for university-level education; lifelong learning is not only a private go
26、od for those who pursue it but also a social good in terms of our nations ability to maintain a vibrant democracy and support a competitive workforce. 36 Which of the followings does not belong to information technologies? （ A） Laptop （ B） Telephone （ C） Telecommunication networks. （ D） Digital syst
27、ems. 37 Many institutions adjust their strategies and activities in order to_. （ A） make money （ B） change the relationship between people and knowledge （ C） take advantage of the opportunities provided by digital technologies （ D） adapt to the development of digital technologies 38 The phrase “high
28、er-education functions“ (Line 4, Paragraph 3) probably means _. （ A） increasing students ability （ B） broaden students horizons （ C） enriching students knowledge （ D） the way of teaching 39 The transformation resulted from the Land-Grant College Act of 1862 was_. （ A） the popularization of education
29、 （ B） the establishment of secular education （ C） the introduction of graduate education （ D） the appearance of a competitive workforce 40 Information technology will have an impact on the following aspects except_. （ A） freeing the constraints of time and space on classroom （ B） the chance students
30、 have to read original source materials （ C） the way of communication （ D） training students for professional career 40 Now the politics of US health reform is in a mess but the odds on a bill passing in the end are improving. It will not be a tidy thing, but if it moves the country close to univers
31、al health insurance the administration will call it a success. At this moment, that point of view may seem too optimistic. Last Friday, the Democratic leadership in the House of Representatives had hoped to produce a finished bill. But they failed, because the partys fiscal conservatives demanded fu
32、rther savings. House Democrats are also divided on revenue-raising measures. The Senate is dealing with the same problems: how to contain the cost of expanded insurance coverage, and how to pay for what remains, so that the reform adds nothing to the budget deficit over me course of 10 years. Where
33、the money comes from remains the crucial problem. Apparently, the answer is straightforward: tax employer-provided health benefits. At present, an employer in the U. S. is free from paying tax if he pays the health insurance while an individual purchaser has to buy it with after-tax dollars. This an
34、omaly costs nearly $ 250bn a year in revenueenough to pay for universal coverage, and then some. Yet many Democrats in both the House and the Senate oppose to ending it. Will there be a breakthrough in terms of mat aspect? However, to get employers out of health insurance should be an aim, not somet
35、hing to be feared. Many US workers have complained that if they lose their job, their health insurance will go with it and tying insurance to employment will undoubtedly worsen the insecurity. What about high-risk workers who are thrown on to the individual market? If the tax break were abolished as
36、 part of a larger reform which obliges insurers to offer affordable coverage to all people regardless of pre-existing conditions, it will not be a problem. Its true this change needs to increase tax, and many people in Congress are reluctant to contemplate in any form. But some kind of increase is i
37、nescapable. This one makes more sense than most. The President should say so. His Republican opponent John McCain called for this change during the election campaign and Mr Obama and other Democrats assailed the idea. So what? Mr. Obama has changed his ideas on other aspects of health reform. For ex
38、ample, it seems mat he now prefers an individual mandate to buy insurance. Let us see a similar flexibility on taxing employer-provided insurance. 41 According to the author,_. （ A） the politics of U. S. health reform is a total failure （ B） there is no possibility of passing a bill （ C） it s diffic
39、ult to pass a bill （ D） U. S. will achieve universal health insurance 42 In the authors opinion, which of the following is “revenue-raising measures“? （ A） Tax employer-provided health benefits. （ B） Tax individual-purchased health insurance. （ C） Ending taxing employer-provided health benefits. （ D
40、） Ending taxing individual-purchased health insurance. 43 Why did the author say that to get employers out of health insurance should be an aim? （ A） Because employers evaded paying taxes. （ B） Because tying insurance to employment was bad to workers. （ C） Because its illegal for employers to provid
41、e health insurance. （ D） Because the administration needed to raise revenue. 44 What does the author feel about Presidents preference to an individuals buying insurance? （ A） Going back on his word. （ B） Stubborn. （ C） Flexible. （ D） Short-sighted. 45 What “change“ did John McCain once called for du
42、ring the election campaign? （ A） Increasing tax. （ B） Obliging insurers to offer affordable coverage to all people regardless of pre-existing conditions. （ C） Insurance should be bought by individual instead of being provided by employers. （ D） To get employers out of health insurance. 45 According
43、to Peter Salovey, Yale psychologist and author of the term EQ, IQ gets you hired and EQ gets you promoted. Salovey tells of a simple test. Some four-year-old kids were invited into a room and were given the following instruction: “You can have this marshmallow right now; or if you wait, you can have
44、 two marshmallows when I get back.“ Then, the researcher left. Some kids grabbed for the treat as soon as the researcher was out the door, while others waited for the researcher to return. By the time the kids reached high school, significant differences appeared between the two groups. The kids who
45、 held out for two marshmallows were better adjusted, more popular, more adventurous, more confident, and more dependable than kids in the quick gratification group. The latter group was also more likely to be lonely, more easily frustrated, more stubborn, more likely to buckle under stress, and more
46、 likely to shy away from challenges. When both groups took scholastic aptitude tests, the “hold out group“ walloped the “quick gratification group“ by 210 points (the test scores range from a minimum of 200 points to a maximum of 800, with an average for all students of 500 points). Researchers have
47、 been discussing whether its possible to raise a persons IQ. Geneticists say No, while social scientists say Yes. But while brain power researchers continue the debate, social science researchers have concluded that its possible to improve a person s EQ, and in particular, a person s “people skills,
48、 “ such as empathy, graciousness, and the ability to “read“ a social situation. According to the social scientists, there is little doubt that people without sufficient EQ will have a hard time surviving in life. EQ is perhaps best observed in people described as either pessimists or optimists. Opti
49、mistic people have high EQ and treat obstacles as minor, while the pessimistic people have low EQ and personalizes all setbacks. In social research circles, EQ denotes ones ability to survive, and its here that there may be an overlap between EQ, IQ, genetics and environment. As to that, I am reminded of the words of Darwin, “The biggest, the smartest, and the strongest are not the survivors. Rather, the survivors are the most adaptable.“ Those of us wh
