1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 324及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 What kind of food is most likely to cause dental decay? （ A） Coca Cola. （ B） Sausage. （ C） Milk. （ D） Fried chicken. 12 How many decayed teeth does Dr. Faustick have? （ A） 13. （ B） None. （ C） 1 （ D） A few. 13 What does Dr. Faustick suggest to prevent dental decay? （ A） Brush yo
5、ur teeth in the morning. （ B） Brush your teeth in the evening. （ C） Clean your teeth shortly after eating. （ D） Have your teeth X-rayed. 14 Marco Polo came to China （ A） alone. （ B） with two friends. （ C） with his brothers. （ D） with his father and uncle. 15 He stayed in China for almost （ A） 20 yea
6、rs. （ B） 12 years. （ C） 7 years. （ D） 3 years. 16 How many unbelievable descriptions in Marco Polo s book are mentioned in the passage? （ A） 5. （ B） 3. （ C） 2 （ D） 1 17 Why are we far from satisfied with our basic needs? （ A） Because we should save extra money for future expenditure. （ B） Because we
7、 have other wants in addition to our basic needs. （ C） Because we all enjoy reading books. （ D） Because man is never satisfied even if he has everything he wants. 18 What can be inferred from the passage? （ A） We should be satisfied with our life. （ B） We should develop good habits. （ C） A reliable
8、income makes the satisfactory standard of living possible. （ D） To provide for future expenditure is wise. 19 “Shelter“ refers to （ A） safe. （ B） shell. （ C） house. （ D） income. 20 “Expenditure“ means （ A） exercise. （ B） expense. （ C） style. （ D） cost. 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Direc
9、tions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 The United States leads all industrial nations in the proportion of its young men and women who receive higher education. Why is this? What motivates a middle-income family with t
10、wo children to【 C1】 _ loans for up to $120, 000 so that their son and daughter can 【 C2】 _private universities for four years? Why would both parents in a low-income family take jobs to support their three children at a state universityeach【 C3】 _an annual cost of $4,000? Why should a woman in her f
11、orties quit her job and use her savings to【 C4】 _ for the college education she did not receive when she was【 C5】 _? Americans place a high personal value【 C6】 _higher education. This is an attitude that goes【 C7】 _to the country s oldest political traditions. People in the United States have always
12、 believed that education is necessary for【 C8】 _ a democratic government. They believe that it prepares the individual【 C9】_informed intelligent, political participation, including voting. Before World War II, a high school education seemed adequate for【 C10】_most peoples needs, but the post-war per
13、iod produced dozens of new questions for Americans. How should a- tomic【 C11】 _ be used? Should scientists be【 C12】 _ to experiment in splitting genes? Should money be spent on【 C13】_astronauts into space or should it be used for aid to another nation? Americans rarely express a direct vote on such
14、complex matters, but the representatives they elect【 C14】 _decide such issues. In recent years,【 C15】 _ a result, many Americans have begun to regard a college education as necessary to becoming an informed American voter. 21 【 C1】 22 【 C2】 23 【 C3】 24 【 C4】 25 【 C5】 26 【 C6】 27 【 C7】 28 【 C8】 29 【
15、C9】 30 【 C10】 31 【 C11】 32 【 C12】 33 【 C13】 34 【 C14】 35 【 C15】 Part A 35 The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Rep
16、ort 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000. Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today s global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development and health. 【 R1】 _ Humanity has the necessary agro
17、-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers. Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity. 【 R2】 _ This is a shame the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence
18、 in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction. Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact. Analyses re
19、veal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed“ or “climate change“ have increased rapidly since 2004, 【 R3】 _. When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local; Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example.
20、And whether the community s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful. The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding. 【 R4】 _This is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain a-bout a lack of fund
21、ing should not expect more in today s economic climate. The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be e
22、nacted in 2014, would not have such a category. This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. 【 R5】_That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global
23、 problems. A It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists; one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs. B However, the numbers are still small; in 2010, about
24、1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these Keywords. C the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusi
25、ve, innovative and secure societies. D the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones. E These issues all have root cau
26、ses in human behavior, all require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy. F Despite these factors, many s
27、ocial scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development. G During the late 1990s, national spending on social
28、 sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds including government, higher education, no-profit and corporate varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%. 36 【 R1】 37 【 R2】 38 【 R3】 39 【 R4】 40 【 R5】 Part B Directions: Read the followi
29、ng four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 The big identity-theft bust last week was just a taste of whats to come. Heres how to protect your good name. HERES THE SCARY THING about the identity-theft ring that the Feds crack
30、ed last week: there was nothing any of its estimated 40,000 victims could have done to prevent it from happening. This was an inside job, according to court documents. A lowly help-desk worker at Teledata Communications, a software firm that helps banks access credit reports online, allegedly stole
31、passwords for those reports and sold them to a group of 20 thieves at $ 60 a pop. That allowed the gang to cherry-pick consumers with good credit and apply for all kinds of accounts in their names. Cost to the victims: $3 million and rising. Even scarier is that this, the largest identity-theft bust
32、 to date, is just a drop in the bit bucket. More than 700,000 Americans have their credit hijacked every year. Its one of crimes biggest growth markets. A name, address and Social Security number which can often be found on the Web is all anybody needs to apply for a bogus line of credit. Credit com
33、panies make $1.3 trillion annually and lose less than 2% of that revenue to fraud, so theres little financial incentive for them to make the application process more secure. As it stands now, its up to you to protect your identity. The good news is that there are plenty of steps you can take. Most c
34、redit thieves are opportunists, not well-organized gangs. A lot of them go Dumpster diving for those millions of “pre-approved“ credit-card mailings that go out every day. Others steal wallets and return them, taking only a Social Security number. Shredding your junk mail and leaving your Social Sec
35、urity card at home can save a lot of agony later. But the most effective way to keep your identity clean is to check your credit reports once or twice a year. There are three major credit-report outfits; Equifax(at equifax. com), Trans-Union(www. transunion. com)and Experian(experian. com). All allo
36、w you to order reports online, which is a lot better than wading through voice-mail hell on their 800 lines. Of the three, I found Trans-Unions website to be the cheapest and most comprehensive laying out state-by-state prices, rights and tips for consumers in easy-to-read fashion. If youre lucky en
37、ough to live in Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey or Vermont, you are entitled to one free report a year by law. Otherwise its going to cost $8 to $ 14 each time. Avoid services that offer to monitor your reports year-round for about $ 70; thats $ 10 more than the going rate amo
38、ng thieves. If you think youre a victim of identity theft, you can ask for fraud alerts to be put on file at each of the three credit-report companies. You can also download a theft-report form at www. consumer. gov/idtheft, which, along with a local police report, should help when irate creditors c
39、ome knocking. Just dont expect justice. That audacious help-desk worker was one of the fewer than 2% of identity thieves who are ever caught. 41 What is the trend of credit-theft crime? （ A） Tightly suppressed. （ B） More frightening. （ C） Rapidly increasing. （ D） loosely controlled. 42 The expressio
40、n “inside job“(Line 3, Paragraph 2)most probably means “_“. （ A） a crime that is committed by a person working for the victim （ B） a crime that should be punished severely （ C） a crime that does great harm to the victim （ D） a crime that poses a great threat to the society 43 The creditors can prote
41、ct their identity in the following ways except_. （ A） destroying your junk mail （ B） leaving your Social Security card at home （ C） visiting the credit-report website regularly （ D） obtaining the free report from the government 44 Why is it easy to have credit-theft? （ A） More people are using credi
42、t service. （ B） The application program is not safe enough. （ C） Creditors usually disclose their identity. （ D） Creditors are not careful about their identity. 45 What is the best title of the text? （ A） The danger of credit-theft （ B） The loss of the creditors （ C） How to protect your good name （
43、D） Why the creditors lose their identity 45 In the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence(AI)predicted that, by the end of this century , computers would be conversing with us at work and robots would be performing our housework. But as useful as computers are, theyre nowhere close to achiev
44、ing anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for human like behavior. Never mind something as complex as conversation : the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid. A growing group of AI researche
45、rs think they know where the field went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs. A new movement in AI, on the other hand, take
46、s a closer look at the more roundabout way in which naturally came up with intelligence. Many of these researchers study evolution and natural adaptation instead of formal logic and conventional computer programs. Rather than digital computers and transistors, some want to work with brain cells and
47、proteins. The results of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based AI movement is slowly but surely moving to the forefront of the field. Imitating the brains neural(神经的 )network is a huge step in the right direction, says computer scientist and biophysicist
48、 Michael Conrad, but it still misses an important aspect of natural intelligence. “People tend to treat the brain as if it were made up of color-coded transistors“ , he explains, “but its not simply a clever network of switches. There are lots of important things going on inside the brain cells them
49、selves. “ Specifically, Conrad believes that many of the brains capabilities stem from the pattern recognition proficiency of the individual molecules that make up each brain cell. The best way to build and artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build it around the same sort of molecular skills. Right now, the option that conventional computers and software are fundamentally incapable of matching the processes that
