1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 72 及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 Whats the subject? 7 For whom
3、is the lecture intended? 8 What are introduced in the first lecture? 9 How do we support mechanism? 10 Who tends to be a mechanist? PART C Directions: You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it.
4、While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE. 11 What is Freuds contributions to psychology? （ A） Human personality （ B） His conscious theory （ C） His free will （ D）
5、 Personality theory 12 What did Freud think about one of his patients remarks “Ill pay you later, Dr. Freud.“? （ A） He was joking with Freud. （ B） He played in Freuds office. （ C） He unconsciously revealed his intention of refusing to pay. （ D） He only made his empty promise to Freud. 13 What was Fr
6、eud primarily interested in? （ A） Money （ B） Jewish independence （ C） University setting （ D） Theory 14 According to the passage, the average I.Q. is _. （ A） 85 （ B） 100 （ C） 110 （ D） 125 15 This passage suggests that an individuals I.Q. _. （ A） can be predicted at birth （ B） stays the same througho
7、ut his life （ C） can be increased by education （ D） is determined by his childhood 16 The best statement of the main idea of the passage is that _. （ A） human brains differ considerably （ B） the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligence （ C） environment is crucial in d
8、etermining a persons intelligence （ D） persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence 17 Why dues the woman say she has mixed feeling? （ A） She wasnt quite ready to come back to campus. （ B） There are more endangered species in zoos than in the wild. （ C） The birds wont lear
9、n to keep away from people. （ D） She might change her major. 18 What was the womans job? （ A） Counting wildlife （ B） Cleaning cages （ C） Training baby birds （ D） Making puppets 19 Why does the man mention tigers and pandas? （ A） He once had a job in a zoo. （ B） Theyre familiar examples of endangered
10、 species. （ C） Hes interested in the genetics of mammals. （ D） They also become attached to humans. 20 Why do the staff members cover themselves with cloth as they work? （ A） So that they are protected from scratches by the cranes talons. （ B） So that they arent exposed to infectious diseases. （ C）
11、So that the chicks can be examined in a sterile environment. （ D） So that the chicks dont become dependent on human being. 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Most peop
12、le would be 【 21】 _ by the high quality of medicine 【 22】 _ to most Americans. There is a lot of specialization, a great deal of 【 23】 _ to the individual, a 【 24】 _ amount of advanced technical equipment, and 【 25】 _ effort not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doctors and hospit
13、als must 【 26】 _ in the courts if they 【 27】 _ things badly. But the Americans are in a mess. The problem is the way in 【 28】 _ health care is organized and 【 29】 _ . 【 30】 _ to pubic belief it is not just a free competition system. The private system has been joined a large public system, because p
14、rivate care was simply not 【 31】 _ the less fortunate and the elderly. But even with this huge public part of the system, 【 32】 _ this year will eat up 84.5 billion dollarsmore than 10 percent of the U.S. Budgetlarge number of Americans are left 【 33】 _ . These include about half the 11 million unem
15、ployed and those who fail to meet the strict limits 【 34】 _ income fixed by a government trying to make savings where it can. The basic problem, however, is that there is no central control 【 35】 _ the health system. There is no 【 36】 _ to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services, other
16、than what the public is able to pay. The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climbed. When faced with toothache, a sick child, or a heart attack, all the unfortunate persons concerned can do is 【 37】 _ up. Two thirds of the population 【 38】 _ covered by medical insurance. Doctors charge as
17、 much as they want 【 39】 _ that the insurance company will pay the bill. The rising cost of medicine in the U. S. A. is among the most worrying problems facing the country. In 1981 the countrys health bill climbed 15.9 percentabout twice as fast as prices 【 40】 _ general. 21 【 21】 （ A） compressed （
18、B） impressed （ C） obsessed （ D） repressed 22 【 22】 （ A） available （ B） attainable （ C） achievable （ D） amenable 23 【 23】 （ A） extension （ B） retention （ C） attention （ D） exertion 24 【 24】 （ A） countless （ B） titanic （ C） broad （ D） vast 25 【 25】 （ A） intensive （ B） absorbed （ C） intense （ D） concen
19、trated 26 【 26】 （ A） run into （ B） encounter （ C） face （ D） defy 27 【 27】 （ A） treat （ B） deal （ C） maneuver （ D） handle 28 【 28】 （ A） which （ B） that （ C） what （ D） when 29 【 29】 （ A） to finance （ B） financed （ C） the finance （ D） to be financed 30 【 30】 （ A） Contrary （ B） Opposed to （ C） Averse （
20、D） Objected 31 【 31】 （ A） looking for （ B） looking into （ C） looking after （ D） looking over 32 【 32】 （ A） which （ B） what （ C） that （ D） it 33 【 33】 （ A） over （ B） out （ C） off （ D） away 34 【 34】 （ A） for （ B） in （ C） with （ D） on 35 【 35】 （ A） over （ B） on （ C） under （ D） behind 36 【 36】 （ A） boun
21、dary （ B） restriction （ C） confinement （ D） limit 37 【 37】 （ A） to pay （ B） paying （ C） pay （ D） to have paid 38 【 38】 （ A） is being （ B） are （ C） have been （ D） is 39 【 39】 （ A） knowing （ B） to know （ C） they know （ D） known 40 【 40】 （ A） in （ B） with （ C） on （ D） for Part B Directions: Read the fo
22、llowing four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 British cancer researchers have found that childhood leukaemia is caused by an infection and clusters of cases around industrial sites are the result of population mixing that
23、increases exposure. The research published in the British Journal of Cancer backs up a 1988 theory that some as yet unidentified infection caused leukaemia-not the environmental factors widely blamed for the disease. “Childhood leukaemia appears to be an unusual result of a common infection,“ said S
24、ir Richard Doll, an internationally-known cancer expert who first linked tobacco with lung cancer in 1950. “A virus is the most likely explanation. You would get an increased risk of it if you suddenly put a lot of people from large towns in a rural area, where you might have people who had not been
25、 exposed to the infection.“ Doll was commenting on the new findings by researchers at Newcastle University, which focused on a cluster of leukaemia cases around the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing plant in Cumbria in northern England. Scientists have been trying to establish why there was more leuka
26、emia in children around the Sellafield area, but have failed to establish a link with radiation or pollution. The Newcastle University research by Heather Dickinson and Louise Parker showed the cluster of cases could have been predicted because of the amount of population mixing going on in the area
27、, as large numbers of construction workers and nuclear staff moved into a rural setting. “Our study shows that population mixing can account for the (Sellafield) leukaemia cluster and that all children, whether their parents are incomers or locals, are at a higher risk if they are born in an area of
28、 high population mixing,“ Dickinson said in a statement issued by the Cancer Research Campaign, which publishes the British Journal of Cancer. Their paper adds crucial weight to the 1988 theory put forward by Leo Kinlen, a cancer epidemiologist at Oxford University, who said that exposure to a commo
29、n unidentified infection through population mixing resulted in the disease. 41 Who first hinted at the possible cause of childhood leukaemia by infection? （ A） Leo Kinlen （ B） Richard Doll （ C） Louise Parker （ D） Heather Dickinson 42 Which statement can be supported by Heather Dickinson and Louise P
30、arkers new findings? （ A） Radiation has contributed to the disease. （ B） Putting a lot of people from rural area in a large towns increases the risk of childhood leukaemia. （ C） Population mixing is the most important reason for leukaemia cluster. （ D） Childhood leukaemia is caused by an unusual inf
31、ection. 43 According to the passage, which of the following is true? （ A） Most people believe childhood leukaemia is due to environmental factors. （ B） Population mixing best explains the cause of childhood leukaemia. （ C） Radiation has nothing to do with childhood leukaemia. （ D） Children born in a
32、 large town are at higher risk of leukaemia. 44 Cancer Research Campaign is most possibly a _. （ A） medical journal （ B） research institute （ C） private company （ D） governmental agency 45 This passage is mainly about _. （ A） the cluster of leukaemia cases around the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing
33、part （ B） the kind of infection that causes childhood leukaemia （ C） the causes of childhood leukaemia （ D） a new finding by British scientists 45 For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological
34、sciences), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements, every kind of historical knowledge). Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will talk later. In the first place, all this is pure of theoretical knowledge, sought only for
35、 the purpose of understanding, in order to fulfil the need to understand what is intrinsic and consubstantial to man. What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and that the world was of a certain kind, that he was in the world
36、and that he himself was of a certain kind, he wouldnt be man. The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human. But eve
37、n while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in large part unfores
38、een, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well-known example. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic sections, zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible centuries late
39、r to navigate far from shore. The first man to study nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life. Pure knowledge i
40、s valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly. 46 The most important advances made by mankind come from _. （
41、A） apparently useless information （ B） the natural sciences （ C） philosophy （ D） technical applications 47 The author does not include among the science the study of _. （ A） Astronomy （ B） Literature （ C） Chemistry （ D） Economics 48 In the paragraph that follows this passage, we may expect the autho
42、r to discuss _. （ A） unforeseen discoveries （ B） philosophy （ C） the value of pure research （ D） the value of technical research 49 The author points out that the Greeks who studies conic section _. （ A） were unaware of the value of their studies （ B） were mathematicians （ C） resigned （ D） were inte
43、rested in navigation 50 The practical scientist _. （ A） is a philosopher （ B） is interested in the unknown （ C） knows the value of what he will discover （ D） knows that the world exists 50 Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to blame and whatever h
44、appens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely. But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Shoul
45、d we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighbourhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centres of production and work? The industrial age has been the only period of human history
46、in which most peoples work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought about may have to be reversed. This seems a discouraging thought. Bat, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work: Un
47、iversal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom. Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then t
48、he factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from peoples homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people travelled longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many peoples work lost all connection with their home lives and pla
49、ces in which they lived. Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. It became customary for the husband to go out paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the impractical goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manag
