1、在职攻硕英语联考（阅读）模拟试卷 77及答案与解析 一、 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your an
2、swer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 0 America is the land of the automobile. This country has only 6 percent of the worlds population out of 46 percent of the worlds cars. Right now, there are 97 million privately owned cars consuming 75 billion gallons of gasoline and tr
3、aveling an estimated 1 000 billion miles a year. The figures also affirm something we know every time we refill our gasoline tank. The automobile is a very thirsty piece of technology. Of the total petroleum supply in the United States, 30 percent goes to quench (压制，解渴 ) that thirst. Every year for
4、each passenger car, about 800 gallons of gasoline are consumed. Other aspects of our commitment to the automobile also bear mentioning here. It takes a great deal of energy to manufacture one automobile about 150 million BTUs of energy. This is equivalent to 1 200 gallons of gasoline, enough to run
5、a car for about 1 600 miles. We expend energy in the process of shipping cars from factories to showrooms, displaying them for sale and making replacement parts for repairs. One out of six jobs in the nation is associated with the automobile business. About two gallons of gasoline are consumed in th
6、e process of making every ten gallons that are pumped into an automobiles gas tank. Building highways and parking lots has used up much of our land. It has been estimated that we have paved over 21 000 square miles of this countrys surface, most of it to accommodate (容 纳 ) the automobile. The automo
7、bile is also the largest contributor to our nations air pollution problem and a very serious one because most of its pollutants are emitted in our large metropolitan (大都市 ) areas. Aside from the great impact that would occur if everyone seriously practiced conservation, one should stop and think abo
8、ut his own casual use of the automobile. There are numerous situations where better planning and awareness could really make a difference in energy savings and dollars. Because the automobile uses the largest percentage of energy in an average American familys energy budget and almost half of the do
9、llars, the impetus for savings is tremendous. 1 According to the author, most people realize that_. （ A） great efforts have been made to solve the energy problem （ B） the automobile uses large amounts of gasoline （ C） car pools help to solve some of the energy problem （ D） alternate sources of energ
10、y must be found 2 Most people do not realize that_. （ A） oil resources could someday run out （ B） automobile speed lowers energy efficiency （ C） gasoline is more expensive than home heating oil （ D） the manufacture of the automobile requires much energy 3 The author implies that_. （ A） Americans was
11、te energy （ B） Americans have to import a great quantity of gas each year （ C） anti-pollution devices on automobiles are not effective （ D） small cars use energy efficiently 4 The author suggests that energy savings could be realized_. （ A） with forceful limitation of the use of the automobile （ B）
12、with better arrangement and consciousness （ C） with better educational programs and planning techniques （ D） with more effective transportation of consumer goods 5 The best title for the passage might be_. （ A） Automobile Americas Thirsty Machine （ B） Energy Problems （ C） Importance of Energy Conser
13、vation （ D） Americas Annual Consumption of Gas 5 Learning disabilities are very common. They affect perhaps 10 percent of all children. Four times as many boys as girls have learning disabilities. Since about 1970, new research has helped brain scientists understand these problems better. Scientists
14、 now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things. There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized. You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a learni
15、ng disability. There is no outward sign of the disorder. So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong. In one study, researchers examined the brain of a learning-disabled person, who had died in an accident. They found two unusual things. One involved cells in t
16、he left side of the brain, which control language. These cells normally are white. In the learning-disabled person, however, these cells were gray. The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been. The nerve cells were mixed together. The study
17、 was carried out under the guidance of Norman Geschwind, an early expert on learning disabilities. Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain. He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally. Probably, he said, nerve
18、 cells there did not connect as they should. So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed. Other researchers did not examine brain tissue. Instead, they measured the brains electrical activity and made a map of the electrical signals. Frank Duffy experimented with this
19、technique at Childrens Hospital Medical Center in Boston. Doctor Duffy found large differences in the brain activity of normal children and those with reading problems. The differences appeared throughout the brain. Doctor Duffy said his research is evidence that reading disabilities involve damage
20、to a wide area of the brain, not just the left side. 6 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? （ A） Learning disabilities may result from the unknown area of the brain. （ B） Learning disabilities may result from damage to a wide area of the brain. （ C） Learning disabilities may resul
21、t from abnormal organization of brain cells. （ D） Learning disabilities may result from problems in the left side of the brain. 7 Scientists found that the brain cells of a learning-disabled person differ from those of a normal person in_. （ A） structure and function （ B） color and function （ C） siz
22、e and arrangement （ D） color and arrangement 8 All of the following statements are true EXCEPT that_. （ A） many factors account for learning disorder （ B） a learning-disabled person shows no outward signs （ C） reading disabilities are a common problem that affects 10 percent of the population （ D） t
23、he brain activity of learning-disabled children is different from that of normal children 9 Doctor Duffy believed that_. （ A） he found the exact cause of learning disabilities （ B） the problem of learning disabilities was not limited to the left side of the brain （ C） the problem of learning disabil
24、ities resulted from the left side of the brain （ D） the problem of learning disabilities did not lie in the left side of the brain 10 According to the passage, we can conclude that further researches should be made_. （ A） to investigate possible influences on brain development and organization （ B）
25、to study how children learn to read and write, and use numbers （ C） to help learning-disabled children to develop their intelligence （ D） to explore how the left side of the brain functions in language learning 10 As a medium of exchange, money permits the separation of exchange into the two distinc
26、t acts of buying and selling, without requiring the seller to purchase goods from the person who buys his products, or vice versa. Hence producers who know they will be paid in money, can concentrate on finding the most suitable outlet (销路 ) for their goods, while buyers who will pay in money, can c
27、oncentrate on finding cheapest market for the things they wish to purchase. Specialization, which is vital to an advanced economy, is encouraged, because people whose output is not a complete product but only a part of one in which many others are involved can be paid an amount equivalent (等价物 ,等值物
28、) to their share of the product. Another advantage of money is that it is a measure of value that is, it serves as a unit in terms of which the relative values of different products can be expressed. In a barter economy it would be necessary to determine how many plates were worth one hundred weight
29、 of cotton, or how many pens should be exchanged for a ton of coal, which would be a difficult and time-consuming task. The process of establishing relative values would have to be undertaken for every act of exchange, according to what products were being offered against one another, and according
30、to the two parties desires and preferences. If I am trying to barter fish for bananas, for example, a lot would depend on whether the person willing to exchange bananas is or is not keen on fish. Thirdly, money acts as a store of wealth. It is difficult to imagine saving under a barter system. No on
31、e engaged in only one stage in the manufacture of a product could save part of his output, since he would be producing nothing complete. Even when a person actually produced a complete product the difficulties would be overwhelming. Most products deteriorate fairly rapidly, either physically or in v
32、alue, as a result of long storage; even if storage were possible, the practice of storing products for years on would involve obvious disadvantages imagine a coal-miner attempting to save enough coal, which of course is his product, to keep him for life. If wealth could not be saved, or only with gr
33、eat difficulty, future needs could not be provided for, or capital accumulated to raise productivity. 11 Using money as a medium of exchange means that_. （ A） you have to sell something in order to buy something （ B） you have to buy something in order to sell something （ C） you dont have to buy some
34、thing in order to sell something （ D） the seller and the purchaser are the same person 12 Specialization is encouraged because_. （ A） people can use their money to buy whatever they want （ B） people do not need to make a complete product for exchange （ C） people make a great contribution to the manu
35、facture of a product （ D） people can not use their money to buy whatever they want 13 A barter economy is one in which_. （ A） value is decided by weight （ B） value is decided by number （ C） money is used and goods are not exchanged （ D） goods are exchanged and money is not used 14 If one had to save
36、 products instead of money, _. （ A） this would need years of practice （ B） coal, for example, would lose its value （ C） they could not be stored for years on end （ D） many products would lose their value 15 How many advantages of money are mentioned in this passage? （ A） Two. （ B） Three. （ C） Four.
37、（ D） Five. 15 There are places in the world where people are alleged (被认为 ) to live much longer and remain more vigorous in old age than in most modern societies. I have visited the best known of these regions, all relatively remote and mountainous. A striking feature common to all three cultures is
38、 the high social status of the aged. Each of the very elderly persons I saw lived with family and close relatives often an extensive household and occupied a central and privileged position within this group. The sense of family continuity is strong. There is also a sense of usefulness. Even those w
39、ell over 100 for the most part continue to perform essential duties and contribute to the economy of the community. These duties included weeding in the fields, feeding the poultry (家禽 ), tending flocks, picking tea, washing the laundry, cleaning house, or caring for grandchildren, all on a regular
40、daily basis. In addition, the aged are esteemed for the wisdom that is thought to derive from long experience, and their word in the family group is generally law. In none of the three communities is there any forced retirement age, and the elderly are not shelved, as occurs in most of our industria
41、lized society. Khfaf Lasuria, the former tea picker, had retired only two years before I met her. When I asked Seliac Butba, age 121, if he was helping in the construction of a new house springing up next to his own, he responded, “Of course, they cant do without me. “ Many of the centenarians empha
42、sized the importance of being independent and free to do the things they enjoyed and wanted to do, and of maintaining a placid (平静的 ) state of mind free from worry or emotional strain. “Now everywhere people dont live so long because they dont live a free life,“ commented Sonia Kvedzenia of Atara, a
43、ge 109. “They worry more and dont do what they want. “ Gabriel Chapnian, 117, of Gulripshi expressed a similar thought when told that few Americans attain his age. His response: “Hmm.too literate. “ Expectation of longevity may also be important. In America the traditional life-span is three score a
44、nd ten years. But when we asked the young people of Abkhazia how long they expected to live, they generally said, “To a hundred“. Dr Georgi Kaprashvili of Gulripshi confirmed that the public has the notion that the normal life-span of man is 100 years. For exaggeration, when proposing toasts, they s
45、ay 300 years, but everyone expects to be 100. 16 What does the word “centenarian“ (Line 1, Para. 6) mean in this passage? （ A） Person who has 100 family members. （ B） Person who is 100 or more years old. （ C） Person who is the central figure. （ D） Leader of a unit of 100 soldiers. 17 The author foun
46、d that the famous places where long-living person stayed were_. （ A） modern and developed countries （ B） industrialized areas （ C） distant and mountainous regions （ D） Abkhazia and America 18 All the aged the author saw lived_. （ A） highly respected （ B） with their families and relatives （ C） with a
47、 sense of usefulness （ D） all of the above 19 In the three communities_. （ A） the aged must retire at a certain age （ B） the aged worked till death （ C） there is no retirement age the aged must observe （ D） the aged neednt work if they dont like to 20 The important factors for longevity are_. （ A） s
48、uitable living areas （ B） independence and freedom to do things （ C） a placid state of mind and expectation of longevity （ D） all of the above 20 An allowance (零花钱 ) is an important tool for teaching kids how to budget, save and make their own decisions. Children remember and learn from mistakes whe
49、n their own dollars are lost or spent foolishly. How large an allowance is appropriate? Experts say there is not a right amount. Actual amounts differ from region to region, and from family to family. To set an appropriate allowance for your child, work up a weekly budget. Allow for entertainment expenditures such as movies and snacks (快餐 ). Next, include everyday expenses such as lunch money, bus fare, school supplies. “If you make the child responsible for these bills,“ says
