[外语类试卷]在职攻硕英语联考(阅读)模拟试卷80及答案与解析.doc
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1、在职攻硕英语联考(阅读)模拟试卷 80及答案与解析 一、 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your an
2、swer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 0 In the United States in the early 1800s, individual state governments had more effect on the economy than did the federal government. States chartered (批准 ,发执照 ) manufacturing, banking, mining, and transportation firms and participate
3、d in the construction of various internal improvements such as canals, turnpikes (收税公路 ) , and railroads. The states encouraged internal improvements in two distinct ways: first, by actually establishing state companies to build such improvements; second, by providing part of the capital for mixed p
4、ublic-private companies setting out to make a profit. In the early nineteenth century, state governments also engaged in a surprisingly large amount of direct regulatory activity, including extensive licensing and inspection programs. Licensing targets reflected both similarities in and differences
5、between the economy of the nineteenth century and that of today: in the nineteenth century, state regulation through licensing fell especially on peddlers, innkeepers, and retail merchants of various kinds. The perishable (易坏的 ) commodities of trade generally came under state inspection, and such im
6、portant frontier staples as lumber and gunpowder were also subject to state control. Finally, state governments experimented with direct labor and business regulation designed to help the individual laborer or consumer, including setting maximum limits on hours of work and restrictions on price-fixi
7、ng by businesses. Although the states dominated economic activity during this period, the federal government was not inactive. Its goals were the facilitation (方便条件 ) of western settlement and the development of native industries. Toward these ends the federal government pursued several courses of a
8、ction. It established a national bank to stabilize banking activities in the country and, in part, to provide a supply of relatively easy money to the frontier, where it was greatly needed for settlement. It permitted access to public western lands on increasingly easy terms, culminating (到达极点 ) in
9、the Homestead Act of 1862, by which title the land could be claimed on the basis of residence alone. Finally, it set up a system of tariffs (关税 ) that was basically protectionist in effect, although maneuvering for position by various regional interests produced frequent changes in tariff rates thro
10、ughout the nineteenth century. 1 What does the passage mainly discuss? ( A) States rights versus federal rights. ( B) The participation of state governments in railroad, canal, and turnpike construction. ( C) The roles of state and federal governments in the economy of the nineteenth century. ( D) R
11、egulatory activity by state governments. 2 The word “effect“ in the first sentence of this passage is closest in meaning to_. ( A) value ( B) argument ( C) influence ( D) restraint 3 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that in the nineteenth century canals and railroads were_. ( A) built wit
12、h money that came from the federal government ( B) much more expensive to build than they had been previously ( C) built predominantly in the western part of the country ( D) sometimes built in part by state companies 4 The regulatory activities of state governments included all of the following EXC
13、EPT_. ( A) licensing of retail merchants ( B) inspecting materials used in turnpike maintenance ( C) imposing limits on price-fixing ( D) controlling of lumber 5 Which of the following activities was the responsibility of the federal government in the nineteenth century? ( A) Controlling of the manu
14、facture of gunpowder. ( B) Determining the conditions under which individuals worked. ( C) Regulation of the supply of money. ( D) Inspection of new homes built on western lands. 5 To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. N
15、ot too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on “persuasive salesmanship“ to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into mone
16、y. Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first ana-lyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying
17、 to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase. This concept does not imply that business is benevolent (慈善 ) or that consumer satisfaction is given priorit
18、y over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transaction the firm and the customer and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering to (迎合 ) custome
19、rs. A striking example of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid-1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The nonacceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then markete
20、d alongside the new. King Customer ruled! 6 The marketing concept discussed in the passage is, in essence, _. ( A) the practice of turning goods into money ( B) making goods available for purchase ( C) the customer-centred approach ( D) a form of persuasive salesmanship 7 What was the main concern o
21、f industrialists before the marketing concept was widely accepted? ( A) The needs of the market. ( B) The efficiency of production. ( C) The satisfaction of the user. ( D) The preferences of the dealer. 8 According to the passage, “to move as much of these goods as possible“ (Lines 34, Para. 1) mean
22、s_. ( A) to sell the largest possible amount of goods ( B) to transport goods as efficiently as possible ( C) to dispose of these goods in large quantities ( D) to redesign these goods for large-scale production 9 What does the restoration of the Classic Coke best illustrate? ( A) Traditional goods
23、have a stronger appeal to the majority of people. ( B) It takes time for a new product to be accepted by the public. ( C) Consumers with conservative taste are often difficult to please. ( D) Products must be designed to suit the taste of the consumer. 10 In discussing the marketing concept, the aut
24、hor focuses on_. ( A) its main characteristic ( B) its social impact ( C) its possible consequence ( D) its theoretical basis 10 We all have ups and downs, and usually its just best to accept them. But perhaps you are concerned about someone who seems to be chronically depressed. Maybe he or she nev
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