1、大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 119及答案与解析 Section C 0 The organization behind the Law School Admission Test reported that the number of tests it administered this year dropped by more than 16 percent, the largest decline in more than a decade. The decline reflects a spreading view that the legal market in the Un
2、ited States is in terrible shape and will have a hard time absorbing the roughly 45 ,000 students who are expected to graduate from law school in each of the next three years. Many lawyers and law professors have argued in recent years that the legal market will either stop developing or shrink as t
3、echnology allows more low-end legal work to be handled overseas, and as corporations demand more cost-efficient fee arrangements from their firms. That argument, and news that so many new lawyers are struggling with immense debt, is changing the way law school is perceived by undergrads. Word is get
4、ting through that law school is no longer a safe place to sit out an economic recession an article of faith for years and that strong grades at an above-average school no longer guarantees a six-figure law firm job. “ For a long time there has been this culturally embedded perception that if you go
5、to law school, it will be worth the money,“ said Kyle McEntee of Law School Transparency. “The idea that law school is an easy ticket to financial security is finally breaking down. “ Law schools have also suffered through some critical press in the last couple of years. Some blogs, most of them wri
6、tten by unemployed or underemployed graduates, have accused law schools of tempting students with questionable data. Attention has focused on a crucial statistic: the percentage of graduates who are employed nine months after graduation. In recent months, class-action lawsuits have been filed agains
7、t more than a dozen law schools, charging that students were deceived into enrolling by postgraduate employment figures that were vastly, and falsely, inflated(夸张的 ). Even if law schools are able to defeat these lawsuits and many legal scholars anticipate they will the media attention has been bruis
8、ing. For some law schools, the gradually diminishing number of test-takers represents a serious long-term challenge. “What Id anticipate is that youll see the biggest falloff in applications in the bottom end of the law school food chain,“ said Andrew Morriss of the University of Alabama School of L
9、aw. “ Those schools are going to have significant difficulty because they are dependent on tuition to fund themselves and theyll either have to cut class size to maintain standards, or accept students with lower levels. “ If they take the second course, Mr. Morriss said, it would hurt the school thr
10、ee years later because there is a strong correlation between poor performance on the LSAT and poor performance on the bar exam. If students start failing the bar, then the prestige of the school will drop, which would mean lowering standards even more. “At that point,“ Mr. Morriss said, “the school
11、is risking a death spiral. “ 1 The decline of test-takers in the Law School Admission Tests reflects that _. （ A） the tests become more difficult （ B） the test fee is increased （ C） the total number of college students drops （ D） its difficult for law school graduates to find jobs 2 The reason for t
12、he legal market shrinkage is that_. （ A） the technology develops too fast （ B） more simple legal work is dealt with abroad （ C） companies become more efficient （ D） companies cut down the fee arrangements 3 What did the undergrades think about the law school in the past? （ A） Law school was not attr
13、active to students any more. （ B） Students graduated from law school would have heavy debts. （ C） Graduates of law school could find a job even in the recession. （ D） Law school meant a good job in the law firm with high salary. 4 Whats the effect of test-takers redaction on the worst law schools? （
14、 A） Some law school teachers will lose their jobs. （ B） They will have financial problems. （ C） The class hours will be shortened. （ D） They will have to recruit younger students. 5 Whats Andrew Morrisss attitude towards the second solution of the worst law schools? （ A） Negative. （ B） Neutral. （ C）
15、 Uninterested. （ D） Supportive. 5 The financial climate for charities is worsening, with more than half hit by the economic downturn, a survey reveals today. Over half of those affected report a decline in income triggered by the recession at a time when one fifth of charities are seeing an increase
16、 in demand for their services. Despite the success of Comic Relief, which raised 60m for anti-poverty charity projects last weekend, the overall financial picture for the voluntary sector is gloomier than it was six months ago, says the Charity Commission report. Dame Suzi Leather, the Chairwoman of
17、 the Charity Commission, said, “ Clearly the impact of the financial downturn on charities is widening and deepening. Some charities still face that double chances of a drop in income as well as an increased demand for services. The research tells us that the number of charities taking steps to redu
18、ce the risks that the financial downturn brings has risen since we conducted our first research. However, not all charities are putting measures in place to protect their work and their funds. It is very surprising that more charities are not considering collaboration with others, as this can help t
19、hem share expertise and costs. “ In September the commission found that 38% of charities had been affected by the downturn, with 16% describing the impact had been “very significant“ or “significant“. The latest report shows those proportions have increased, to 58% and 25% respectively. Bigger chari
20、ties those with an annual income of more than 1m were less likely to have been hit by income reductions. But almost two-thirds of that group were concerned that the downturn would affect their work in future. The commission surveyed a random sample of 1,000 charities of varying sizes in England and
21、Wales during January and February. It found the collapse in the value of stocks and shares for many charities the single most important source of income has impacted hard on the sector, which is also hurting from a fall-off in corporate donations and private legacies. Charities that delivered servic
22、es overseas reported they had been badly affected by the fall in the value of sterling. The survey suggests there is little sign that charities overall are preparing to make big cutbacks(削减 )in jobs or capital investments. Only a tiny proportion of those surveyed said they were facing problems meeti
23、ng pension commitments. 6 According to the passage, the proportion of charities suffered from income reduction is_. （ A） more than half of all the charities （ B） one fifth of all the charities （ C） more than half of charities affected by the recession （ D） one fifth of charities affected by the rece
24、ssion 7 It can be inferred from the passage that the best solution to fighting financial downturn for charities is_. （ A） to raise money from corporation （ B） to cooperate with other charities （ C） to reduce the number of employees （ D） to increase their demand for service 8 Which of the following s
25、tatements about bigger charities is TRUE? （ A） Bigger charities are those with an annual income of more than $1 million. （ B） Bigger charities are more likely to be affected by income reductions. （ C） Most of bigger charities are concerned about their work in future. （ D） Many bigger charities are l
26、ikely to have their employees income increased. 9 The most important source of income for many charities is from_. （ A） stocks and shares （ B） corporate donations （ C） private legacies （ D） overseas service 10 It can be concluded from the passage that_. （ A） charities are preparing to reduce their j
27、obs and capital investments （ B） it is less likely for charities to reduce their jobs and capital investments （ C） many charities are facing problems such as paying pensions （ D） charities are preparing to expand their demand for service overseas 10 Mass transportation revised the social and economi
28、c fabric of the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed physical expansion, it sorted out people and land uses, and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains,
29、 and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant from city centers than they were in the pre-modern era. In 1850, for example, the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the turn of the 20th century the radius extended ten mile
30、s. Now those who could afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still commute there for work, shopping and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as
31、urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period, another 550,000 were plotted outside the city limits but within the metropolitan area. Anxious to take advant
32、age of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years lots that could have housed five to six million people. Of course, many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant land
33、around Chicago and other cities. These excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation; urban sprawl was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users.
34、 Those who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes, particularly land near or outside city borders where transit lines and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision
35、there proceeded much faster than population growth. 11 Effects of mass transportation on citys lifestyle are_. （ A） promoting their inherent instability （ B） remarkable growth in city area （ C） ever increasing standards of living （ D） separation of commercial and residential districts 12 The author
36、refers to both Boston and Chicago in order to_. （ A） contrast their rates of growth with each other （ B） show that mass transit changed many cities （ C） demonstrate positive and negative effects of growth （ D） exemplify cities with and without mass transportation 13 The word “sparked“(Line 11, Para.
37、 1)is closest in meaning to_. （ A） brought about （ B） reckoned with （ C） smoothed over （ D） wiped out 14 Chicago is mentioned in the second paragraph as an example of a city _. （ A） that is famous （ B） that is used as a model for land development （ C） with an excellent mass transportation system （ D
38、） where land development exceeded population growth 15 The best title for the passage should be_. （ A） Instability of Urban Life （ B） Types of Mass Transportation （ C） Land Use （ D） The Effects of Mass Transportation on Urban Expansion 15 A solid majority of technology experts and stakeholders parti
39、cipating in the fourth future of the Internet survey expect that by 2020 most people will access software applications online and share and access information through the use of remote server networks, rather than depending crucially on tools and information housed on their individual, personal comp
40、uters. They say that cloud computing will become more dominant than the desktop in the next decade. In other words, most users will perform most computing and communicating activities through connections to servers operated by outside firms. Among the most popular cloud services now are social netwo
41、rking sites(the 500 million people using Facebook are being social in the cloud), webmail services like Hotmail and Yahoo mail, microblogging and blogging services such as Twitter and WordPress, video-sharing sites like YouTube, picture-sharing sites such as Flickr, document and applications sites l
42、ike Google Docs, social-bookmarking sites like Delicious, business sites like eBay, and ranking, rating and commenting sites such as Yelp and TripAdvisor. Most of those surveyed noted that cloud computing will continue to expand and come to dominate information transactions because it offers many ad
43、vantages, allowing users to have easy, instant, and individualized access to tools and information they need wherever they are, locatable from any networked device. Some experts noted that people in technology-rich environments will have access to sophisticated-yet-affordable local networks that all
44、ow them to “have the cloud in their homes. “ Many of the people who agreed with the statement that cloud computing will expand as the internet evolves said the desktop will not die out but it will be used in new, improved ways in tandem with(伴随 )remote computing. Some survey participants said they e
45、xpect that a more sophisticated desktop-cloud hybrid(混合物 )will be peoples primary interface with information. They predicted the desktop and individual, private networks will be able to provide most of the same conveniences as the cloud but with better functionality, overall efficiency, and speed. S
46、ome noted that general-purpose in-home PC servers can do much of the work locally via a connection to the cloud to tap into resources for computing-intensive tasks. Meanwhile,a number of people said cloud computing presents difficult security problems and further exposes private information to gover
47、nments, corporations, thieves, opportunists, and human and machine error, etc. Survey participants noted that there are also quality of service and compatibility hurdles(障碍 )that must be crossed successfully before cloud computing gains more adopters. Among the other limiting factors the expert resp
48、ondents mentioned were: the lack of broadband spectrum to handle the load if everyone is using the cloud; the variability of cost and access in different parts of the world and the difficulties that lie ahead before they can reach the ideal of affordable access anywhere, anytime; and complex legal i
49、ssues, including cross-border intellectual property and privacy conflicts. 16 We can learn from the first paragraph that_. （ A） cloud computing is a special machine operated by some companies （ B） desktops access software applications through stored tools and information （ C） computing and communicating cannot be carried out without cloud computing （ D） cloud computing will replac e desktops completely in the near future 17 According to the passage, microblogging and blogging such as Twitter belong to_
