1、大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 211及答案与解析 Section A 0 Smokers in the “land of the free“ are finding themselves increasingly less free to pursue their habit. New York City officials are the latest to consider banning smoking in their parks and outside spaces. The possibility of extending smokefree legislation was
2、【 C1】 _in a public health policy document. However the mayor, Michael Bloomberg who has【 C2】 _anti-smoking programmes but is up for reelection appeared to qualify the extent of the【 C3】 _. He wanted “to see if smoking in parks has a【 C4】 _impact on peoples health“, the New York Times reported recent
3、ly, suggesting it “might not be【 C5】 _possible to enforce a ban across thousands of acres.“ Cigarette makers Phillip Morris USA did not like the idea at all. “We believe that smoking should be permitted outdoors except in very particular【 C6】 _, such as outdoor areas primarily【 C7】 _for children,“ a
4、 company spokesman said. But the ban plan from the citys health commissioner, Thomas Farley, won some backing from the councils speaker, Christine Quinn. Fines should be【 C8】 _, she said, but “conceptually, thats an idea Im very interested in and open to.“ Such bans remain【 C9】 _but are increasing,
5、with California in the vanguard(前锋 ). State legislators there have【 C10】 _smoking in all state parks and on parts of beaches, two years after Los Angeles extended its existing ban on playgrounds and beaches to parks. Chicago still allows smoking in many of its parks, but bans it at beaches and playg
6、rounds. A)occurrences B)modest C)negative D)evacuated E)championed F)circumstances G)outlined H)mild I)logistically J)designated K)provoked L)rare M)analytically N)prohibited O)restrictions 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4】 5 【 C5】 6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 Section B 10 5 Weeks to a St
7、ress-Free Life AWho will you be this year? Will you be a better, wiser version of yourself by the time the calendar flips again? Or will you add to your potbelly, downgrade your mood, and move one risk factor closer to your first heart attack? Every day of your life, you answer these questions in th
8、e ways you handle stress. Thats not a joke. Stress is one national disaster that strikes each of us where were most vulnerable: brains first, and bodies later. Unless, that is, you learn to control it. Not by means of will, but by employing lab-tested strategies that can truly calm you down. And unl
9、ess youre getting a rubdown from Evangeline Lilly every night, were guessing you could use them. So heres your 5-week plan, complete with our full anxiety-back guarantee. Week 1: Separate the stressors from the energizers. BSome stress is unavoidable. Some is not. “The trick is learning to distingui
10、sh between the two,“ says Paul Rosch, M.D., president of the American Institute of Stress. He cant identify your sources of stress for you, because one mans stress is another mans joy. So youll have to do that part yourself. Divide your stresses into two lists: “accept“ and “change.“ CAs you draw up
11、 your lists, youll naturally pay attention to what your brain knows about your sources of stress, but make sure you listen to your bodys complaints as well. When are you experiencing those headaches? Or back pain? Is there a pattern to your heartburn, or a particular stretch of your commute that pro
12、vokes road rage? “Learn how your body, responds so you can detect early warning signs of stress,“ says Dr. Rosch. DYour activities during these first 7 days are not merely a prelude. Simply sitting down to identify all the things that stress you out, and deciding to do something about them, is a pow
13、erful stress buster in itself. Its been known since the 1950s that stress is aggravated if a person has no sense of control and no hope that things will get better. Having goals, and reaching those goals, is the healthy opposite of that. “Too often, we are adrift on the sea of life,“ says Dr. Rosch.
14、 Drop anchor. Week 2: Hands off the hot buttons. ESome men are perfect specimens of mental health. They calmly apply their considerable problem-solving abilities to the sources of their stress. Then there are the rest of us who dont deal very well. According to one survey, 46% of stressed adults don
15、t care what they eat, 57% stop exercising, and 53% lose sleep. In short, we need a week(at least!)just to rid ourselves of our self-destructive old ways of coping. Consider these five: alcohol, junk food, television, the Internet, and tobacco. We reach for them out of habit, and thats exactly what t
16、hey become: bad habits. FAlcohol is obviously a risky way to self-medicate. But heres an interesting finding: Alcohol doesnt really take the edge off stress. Just the opposite: Stress takes the edge off alcohol, according to University of Chicago researchers. Although stress increases our desire to
17、drink, those drinks make us feel sluggish, not high. Youll end up drinking more and enjoying it less. GAs for junk food, yes, the high-fat, high-carb content of so-called comfort foods actually does give short-term comfort by signaling the brain to stop the discharge of stress hormones. But in the l
18、ong run, it will add stress to your waistband. An Ohio State University study found that stress causes triglycerides to linger longer in the bloodstream, thus interfering with the bodys normal metabolism of fats. HAnd television? Go ahead, watch My Name Is Earl. Many studies have shown that laughter
19、 is stress medicine even the anticipation of a good laugh lowers stress hormones in the blood. But dont watch 4 hours of old Survivor episodes beforehand. Same goes for hanging out in online casinos. Those hours should be spent with your friends. Social ties are tied to lower stress, longer life, an
20、d quicker recovery from illness. ITobacco? The more you use, the greater your chances of impotence, and there is perhaps no calm more profound than the postcoital one. Why risk messing with that? Week 3: Stop multitasking. J“Its the death of people,“ says Jeff Davidson, author of 36 self-help books,
21、 including The Complete Idiots Guide to Getting Things Done. People think they have to accomplish multiple tasks simultaneously in order to be productive and profitable. “Just the opposite is true,“ he says. When Davidson gives speeches, he performs an onstage experiment: He takes two people from th
22、e audience and gives each 15 pennies, 15 paper clips, and a pen and paper. He tells one person to stack the pennies, link the paper clips, and draw 15 stars in that order. He tells the other person to switch back and forth among the tasks. Guess who finishes first. KWhat Davidson calls “sharp attent
23、ion“ is possible only if you focus on one task at a time. “Breakthrough thinking doesnt happen when youre multitasking,“ he says, noting that our societys current fascination with “faster, better, more“ adds to our stress in ways people couldnt have imagined a generation ago. He agrees that some mul
24、titasking is inevitable. But for this week, cut the cord, take notes about what does and doesnt work, then reintroduce the multitasking only when it benefits you. Week 4: Release the demons. LIts always the quiet ones, the men who bottle it up inside, who end up going on chain-saw massacres, right?
25、Maybe quiet is the enemy. In an experiment regarding “emotional disclosure,“ students suffering from post-traumatic(外伤后的 )stress at Temple University, in Philadelphia, were asked to write longhand, not on computersfor 20 minutes a day. After only 3 days, those who repeatedly wrote about a single tra
26、umatic event showed fewer physical and mental signs of stress. Even 8 weeks later, they felt better and were sick less often than students who wrote about emotionally neutral events. MThe results surprised the clinical psychologists who conducted this recent research. “Knowing how hard it is for peo
27、ple to change, we were impressed that this could work,“ says Denise Sloan, Ph.D. But it does work, Sloan says, because “often, people who have survived trauma try not to think about those events. And the more you avoid something, the more intense and stressful it becomes. Its good to be expressive.“
28、 So sit down 3 nights this week and get it out there on paper, where it wont hurt you. Week 5: Find a release valve. NNow were ready to dive into all the relaxation techniques you were probably expecting to read about in this chapter. Heres the thing: There are literally hundreds of them. They can b
29、e grouped into six categories: stretching exercises, also known as hatha yoga; progressive muscle relaxation; deep-breathing exercises; autogenic training, in which you quietly suggest to yourself that various body parts are getting heavy, or warm, or whatever, imagery, wherein you daydream of peace
30、ful settings; and meditation or mindfulness, two distinct mental activities that both restrict attention and calm the mind. OShould you arbitrarily sign on for one of these methods? No way. You have to find which works best for you. “No one shoe fits all,“ says Jonathan C. Smith, Ph.D., director of
31、the Roosevelt University stress institute, in Chicago. Each technique produces a different state of mind, he says, from the energized mental state of yoga to the disengaged frame of mind that comes with autogenic training. But they all work to lower stress. 11 It is said that trying to do more than
32、one task at the same time is not productive or profitable. 12 It is hard to recognize the source of ones stress in that people response differently to things in their life. 13 According to the author, one should not spend hours watching episodes or playing online games but should stay with friends.
33、14 Junk food can signal the brain to stop producing stress hormones, thus bringing short-term comfort. 15 Since the 1950s, people realize that stress will become worse if the person doesnt control it and is pessimistic. 16 According to the statistics from a survey, we can conclude that a lot of peop
34、le cant handle stress properly. 17 When we are faced with stress, our brains will be stricken first and then our bodies. 18 A study from a university shows that stress may affect the metabolism of fats in the body. 19 One of the relaxing measures that can restrict attention and calm the mind is medi
35、tation or mindfulness. 20 An experiment found students were more likely to be relieved from physical and mental stress when they repeatedly wrote about a single traumatic event. Section C 20 Is it any wonder that America is also a country of dangerously overweight people? According to a recent study
36、 by the National Center for Health Statistics, the number of adults characterized as overweight in the United States has jumped to an astonishing one-third of the population. Overweight in this case means being about 20 percent or more above a persons desirable weight. Since the figures for “desirab
37、le weight“ have moved upward over the last decade or so, total poundage even at 20 percent over may be considerable. So are the attendant health risks. Excess weight has been linked to cardiovascular disease, hypertension, adult-onset diabetes and some forms of cancer, among other diseases. Once, wh
38、en work and school and the grocery store were a two-mile hike away, Americans could afford the calories they consume. But not now, not when millions spend four or five hours a day in front of a TV set along with a bag of chips, a bowl of buttered popcorn and a six-pack and theres a car or two in eve
39、ry driveway. “There is no commitment to obesity(肥胖 )as a public health problem,“ said Dr. William Dietz, director of clinical nutrition at the New England Medical Center in Boston. “Weve ignored it, and blamed it on gluttony and sloth.“ If one definition of a public health problem is its cost to the
40、 nation, then obesity qualifies. According to a study done by Dr. Graham A Colditz, who teaches at Harvard Medical School, it cost America an estimated $68.8 billion in 1990. But whats wrong blaming it on gluttony and sloth? True, some unfortunate overweight people have an underlying physical or gen
41、etic problem. But for most Americans, the problem is with two of the seven deadly sins. Losing weight is a desperately difficult business. Preventing gain, however, is not. Consumer information is everywhere, and there can be few adults who truly believe that hot dogs, fries, a soda and a couple of
42、Twinkies make a good lunch. But they eat them anyway. As more and more Americans became educated to the risks of smoking, more and more Americans gave up the habit. Now it appears that Americans need an intensive education in the risks of stuffing themselves and failing to exercise as well. Given th
43、e seductiveness of chocolate and cheese, the couch and the car, that habit will be hard to break. But if an ounce of prevention can obviate a pound of fat, it is well worth the struggle. 21 The author sets up the standard of overweight people based on the fact that _. （ A） the number of overweight p
44、eople has astonishingly increased （ B） people have a different idea about their desirable weight now （ C） overweight becomes a threat to peoples health （ D） the overweight problem has long been studied 22 By saying “So are the attendant health risks“, the author means _. （ A） America suffers health
45、risks as well as the overweight problem （ B） health risks resulted from overweight are serious too （ C） overweight is classified as one of the health problems （ D） people have also pay much attention to the possible health risks 23 What does William Dietz think of overweight? （ A） Overweight should
46、be treated as a public health problem. （ B） Overweight should be attributed to gluttony and sloth. （ C） Overweight has much to do with nutritional problems. （ D） Overweight has nothing to do with the overuse of cars. 24 Most Americans believe that _. （ A） the overweight problem has cost the nation m
47、uch （ B） obesity is related to ones physical conditions （ C） people who are overweight are unfortunate （ D） gluttony and sloth are two deadly sins 25 In order to solve the overweight problem, the author suggests that everyone need to _. （ A） be taught to prevent gaining weight （ B） be educated to lo
48、se weight effectively （ C） seek help from consumer information （ D） know what makes a healthy dinner 25 For travelers to Europe, from January 2002 theres something special on offer besides all the usual sights. Its the chance to be on the end of an era, and the birth of a new currency. Yes, its good
49、bye to the franc, the mark, drachma, peseta, lira and many of the other currencies which now confront visitors to Europe. They have all been replaced by the new euro. While a little of the mystery of travel will vanish with them, the changeover promises a much simpler life for visitors to Europe. On December 31, 2001 a dozen members of the European Union switched to the euro a change which affects 300 million people. The euro c
