1、大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 31及答案与解析 Section C 0 Migration is usually defined as “permanent or semi-permanent-change of residence.“ This broad definition, of course, would include a move across the street or across a city. Our concern is with movement between nations, not with internal migration within natio
2、ns, although such movements often exceed international movements in volume. Today, the motives of people who move short distances are very similar to those of international migrants. Students of human migration speak of “push“ and “pull“ factors, which influence an individual s decision to move from
3、 one place to another. Push factors are associated with the place of origin. A push factor can be as simple and mild a matter as difficulty in finding a suitable job, or as traumatic as war, or severe famine. Obviously, refugees who leave their homes with guns pointed at their heads are motivated al
4、most entirely by push factors(although pull factors do influence their choice of destination). Pull factors are those associated with the place of destination. Most often these are economic, such as better job opportunities or the availability of good land to farm. The latter was an important factor
5、 in attracting settlers to the United State during the 19th century. In general, pull factors add up to an apparently between chance for a good life and material well-being than are offered by the place of origin. When there is a choice between several attractive potential destinations, the deciding
6、 factor might be a non-economic consideration such as the presence of relatives, friends, or at least fellow countrymen already established in the new place who are willing to help the newcomers settled in. Considerations of this sort lead to the development of this sort lead to the development of m
7、igration flow. Besides push and pull factors, there are what the sociologists call “intervening obstacles“. Even if push and / or pull factors are very strong, they still may be outweighed by intervening obstacles, such as the distance of the move, the trouble and cost of moving, the difficulty if e
8、ntering the new country, and the problems likely to be encountered on arrival. The decision to move is also influenced by “personal factors“ of the potential migrant. The same push-pull factors and obstacles operate differently on different people, sometimes because they are at different stages of t
9、heir lives, or just because of their varying abilities and personalities. For example, someone likes to be steady, but somebody likes to adventure. The prospect of packing up everything and moving to a new and perhaps very strange environment may appear interesting and challenging to an unmarried yo
10、ung man and appallingly difficult to a slightly older man with a wife and small kids. Similarly, the need to learn a new language and customs may excite one person and frighten another. 1 Which of the following statement about migration is Not True? （ A） Migration refers to permanent or semi-permane
11、nt-change of residence. （ B） The generalized migration includes a move across the street or across a city. （ C） People move across the street or cities are less than international movements. （ D） The motives of people who move short distances are similar to those of international migrants today. 2 W
12、hich of the following belongs to the “push“ factor? （ A） Better job opportunities. （ B） Fertile land to farm. （ C） The personalities of migrates. （ D） The migration of refugees. 3 These are the factors affecting migration except_. （ A） push factors which are associated with the place of origin （ B）
13、whether the government is allowed or not （ C） the economics of the place of destination （ D） the trouble and cost of moving 4 Which of the following is not the “personal factors“ of the potential migrant? （ A） Different stages of the migrants lives. （ B） Whether the migrant is married or not. （ C） P
14、roblems likely to be encountered on arrival. （ D） The diverse capacity and individuality. 5 What is the main idea of this passage? （ A） The factors which influences migration. （ B） Migration is becoming more commonplace. （ C） The explanation of migration. （ D） Different strategies of migration. 5 I
15、am one of the many city people who are always saying that given the choice we should prefer to live in the country away from the dirt and noise of a large city. I have managed to convince myself that if it werent for my job I would immediately head out for the open spaces and go back to nature in so
16、me sleepy village buried in the country. But how realistic is the dream? Cities can be frightening places. The majority of the population live in massive tower blocks, noisy, dirty and impersonal. The sense of belonging to a community tends to disappear when you live fifteen floors up. All you can s
17、ee from your windows is sky, or other blocks of flats. Children become aggressive and nervous cooped up at home all day, with nowhere to play; their mothers feel isolated from the rest of the world. Strangely enough, whereas in the past the inhabitants of one street all knew each other, nowadays peo
18、ple on the same floor in tower blocks don t even say hello to each other. Country life, on the other hand, differs from this kind of isolated existence in that a sense of community generally binds the inhabitants of small villages together. People have the advantage of knowing that there is always s
19、omeone to turn to when they need help. But country life has disadvantages too. While it is true that you may be among friends in a village, it is also true that you are from the exciting and important events that take place in cities. Theres little possibility of going to a new show or the latest mo
20、vie. Shopping becomes a major problem, and for anything slightly out of the ordinary you have to go on an expedition to the nearest large town. The city-dweller who leaves for the country is often oppressed by a sense of unbearable stillness and quiet. What, then, is the answer? The country has the
21、advantage of peace and quiet, but suffers from the disadvantage of being cut off; the city breeds a feeling of isolation, and constant noise batters the senses. But one of its main advantages is that you are at the centre of things; and that life doesnt come to an end at half past nine at night. Som
22、e people have found(or rather bought)a compromise between the two: they have expressed their preference for the “quiet life“ by leaving the suburbs and moving to villages within commuting distance of large cities. They generally have about as much sensitivity as the plastic flowers they leave behind
23、 they are polluted with strange ideas about change and improvement which they force on to the unwilling original inhabitants of the villages. 6 What is the main idea of the first paragraph? （ A） Large cities are dirty and noisy. （ B） A job is very important for “me“. （ C） Many city people prefer vil
24、lage to city. （ D） Villages are tidy and peaceful. 7 According to the author, why are cities frightening? （ A） Because the pressure of work may make people suffer. （ B） Because many blocks in city are dirty, noisy and impersonal. （ C） Because it s hard to find a good job in city. （ D） Because living
25、 in a city is not safe. 8 Which of the following is not the disadvantage of country life? （ A） It is inconvenient to buy something. （ B） Villagers cant enjoy the exciting events. （ C） Villagers have little opportunity to see a film. （ D） There are many friends around each villager. 9 What does the l
26、ast sentence of this passage mean? （ A） City people want to change country life. （ B） City people want to combine the advantages of city and village. （ C） Villages dont welcome city people. （ D） City people dont concern the feeling of villagers. 10 The best title of the passage may be_. （ A） Country
27、 Life Has Many Advantages （ B） City People Prefer Village to City （ C） Country Life and City Life （ D） City Life is Better Than Country Life 10 Massive changes in all of the worlds deeply cherished sporting habits are underway. Whether it s one of London s parks full of people playing softball, and
28、Russians taking up rugby, or the Superbowl rivalling the Football Cup final as a televised spectator event in Britain, the patterns of players and spectators are changing beyond recognition. We are witness a globalization of our sporting culture. That annual bicycle race, the Tourde France, much lov
29、ed by the French is a good case in point. Just a few years back it was a strictly continental affair with France Belgium and Holland, Spain and Italy taking part. But in recent years it has been dominated by Colombian mountain climbers, and America and Irish riders. The people who really matter welc
30、ome the shift toward globalization. Peugeot, Michelin and Panasonic are multi-national corporations that want worldwide returns for the millions they invest in teas. So it dose them literally a world of good to see this unofficial word championship become just that. This is undoubtedly an economic b
31、ased revolution we are witnessing here, one made possibly by communications technology, but made to happen because of marketing considerations. Sell the game and you can sell Coca Cola or Budweiser as well. The skilful way in which America football has been sold to Europe is a good example of how al
32、l sports will develop. The aim of course is not really to spread the sport for its own sake, but to increase the number of people interested in the major moneymaking events? The economics of the Supperbowl are already astronomical. With seats at US $125, gate receipts alone were a staggering $10,000
33、,000. The most important statistic of the day, however, was the $100,000,000 in TV advertising fees. Imagine how much that becomes when the eyes of the world are watching. So it came as a terrible shock, but no change from being a game of two 45-minute halves, to one of four 25-minute quarters reall
34、y as a surprise, to learn that some people are now suggesting that soccer. The idea is unashamedly to capture more advertising revenue, without giving any thought for the integrity of a sport which relies for its essence on the flowing nature of the action. Moreover, as sports expand into world mark
35、ets, and as our choice of sports as consumers also grows, so we will demand to see them playing at a higher and higher level. A number of excellent athletes will be in great demand. In boxing we have already seen numerous, dubious world title categories because people will not pay to see anything le
36、ss than a “World Title“ fight, and this means that the title fights have to be held in different countries around the world! 11 What can we learn from the first paragraph? （ A） More people like to do some sports. （ B） Sporting is becoming globalized. （ C） Softball and rugby are popular among people.
37、 （ D） A great change of sporting habits is occurring. 12 Why do the people who really matter welcome the shift toward globalization? （ A） Because they want to maintain their reputation. （ B） Because the shift can make them more famous. （ C） Because the globalization is an inevitable trend. （ D） Beca
38、use the shift can bring abundant profit. 13 What did the author mean by saying “This is undoubtedly an economic based revolution we are witnessing here“(Para. 4)? （ A） The enormous economic benefit triggers the revolution. （ B） The revolution will cost much. （ C） The revolution may cause economic cr
39、isis. （ D） The revolution may change the economic model. 14 What does the phrase “a terrible shock“(Line 1, Para. 6)refer to? （ A） Time arrangement of the football game. （ B） It refers to more advertising revenue. （ C） Attract more audience to watch the game. （ D） The audience hasn t expected the ti
40、me arrangement. 15 What is the main idea of this passage? （ A） The benefit behind the globalization of sporting. （ B） More people become to pay attention to sporting. （ C） The development of sporting. （ D） The globalization of sporting culture. 15 It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of w
41、ork has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines have been introduced. For example, it has been suggested that the employment of women in industry take them out of the household, their traditional sphere and fundamental
42、ly alter their position in society. In the nineteenth century, when women began to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician, warned that by doing so, women would give up their femininity. Fredrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the “social, legal, and economic
43、 subordination“ of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of “the whole female sex . into public industry.“ Observers thus differed concerning the social desirability of mechanizations effects, but they agreed that it would transform womens lives. Historians, par
44、ticularly those investigating the history of women, now seriously question this assumption of transforming power. They conclude that such dramatic technological innovations as the spinning jenny, the sewing machine ,the typewriter, and the vacuum cleaner have not resulted in equally dramatic social
45、changes in womens economic position or in the prevailing evaluation of womens work. The employment of young women in textile mills during the Industrial Revolution was largely and extension of an older pattern of employment for young, single women as domestics. It was not the change in office techno
46、logy, but rather the separation of secretarial work, previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers, from administrative work that in the 1880 s created a new class of “dead end“ jobs, thenceforth considered “women s work“. The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside t
47、he home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only w
48、omen employers would hire. Women s work has changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from the household to the office or the factory, and later becoming mostly white-collar instead of blue-collar work. Fundamentally, however, the conditions under which women work have changed little since
49、the Industrial Revolution: the segregation of occupations by gender, lower pay for women as a group, jobs that require relatively low levels of skill and offer women little opportunity for advancement all persist, while womens household labour remains demanding. Recent historical investigation has led to a major revision of the notion that technology is always inherently revolutionary in its effects on society. Mechanization may even have slowed any change in the traditional position of women both in the labour market and in the home. 16 What is the mai
