1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 130 及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 1. 目前，在中国的农村和城市都有 “ 啃老族 ” 2. 这种现象产生的原因 3. 如何应对这种现象 注 :“ NEET“是 “ Not Currently Engaged in Education, Employment or Training“或 “ Not in Education, Employment or Training“的缩略语，即我们说的 “啃老族 ”。 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
2、(15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the informa
3、tion given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 2 Organic Food Organic farming was among the fastest growing segments of U.S. agriculture during the 1990s. The value of retail. sales of organic food was estimated to be $16 billion in 2004. According to t
4、he Food Marketing Institute, more than half of Americans now buy organic food at least once a month. Why is organic food becoming so popular? What is Organic Food? In December 2000, the National Organic Standards Board of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) established a national standard for
5、the term “organic“. Organic food, defined by how it cannot be made rather than how it can be made, must be produced without the use of sewer-sludge fertilizers, most synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, genetic engineering (biotechnology), growth hormones, irradiation and antibiotics. A variety of
6、agricultural products can be produced organically, including produce, grains, meat, dairy, eggs, and processed food products. “Organic“ does not mean “natural“. There is no legal definition as to what constitutes a “natural“ food. However, the food industry uses the term “natural“ to indicate that a
7、 food has been minimally processed and is preservative-free. Natural foods can include organic foods, but not all natural foods are organic. Only foods labeled “organic“ have been certified as meeting USDA organic standards. Organic Farming The phrase organic farming first appeared in Lord Northbour
8、nes book Look to the Land, published in 1940. But the truth is, organic farming is the oldest form of agriculture. Before the end of World War , farming without the use of petroleum-based chemicals (synthetic fertilizers and pesticides) was the only option for farmers. Technologies developed during
9、the war were found to be useful for agricultural production. For example, the chemical ammonium nitrate (硝酸铵 ), which was used as munitions (军需品 ), became useful as fertilizer, and organophosphates (有机磷酸盐 ) used for nerve gas were later used as insecticide. These days, farmers are switching to organ
10、ic agriculture once again, but now with an ecologically based, systematic approach that includes long-term planning, detailed record keeping and major investment in equipment and supplies. Although it is still only a small industry, the number of organic farmers is growing by about 12 percent per ye
11、ar and now stands at more than 12,000 nationwide. Organic Farming in the U.S. Today The USDAs Economic Research Service reports that in 1997, the latest year for which data are available, farmers in 49 states used organic production methods and thirdVparty organic certification services on 1.35 mill
12、ion acres out of a total of 828 million acres of farmland. Approximately two-thirds of the certified U.S. organic farmland was used for crops, and one-third was used as pasture. Large farms, mostly located in the Midwest and West, produced processed tomatoes, organic wine grapes and other high-value
13、 crops on a commercial scale, whereas numerous small farms, concentrated in the Northeast, specialized in mixed vegetable production for direct marketing to consumers and restaurants. While organic food can be found throughout the country, California was the leader in production of organic fruits an
14、d vegetables in 1997, followed closely by Arizona, Florida, Texas, and Washington in decreasing order of total yield. Farmers and ranchers in 23 states raised a small number of certified organic cows, hogs and sheep. New York, Wisconsin and Minnesota were the top producers of organic dairy cows. Pro
15、duction: Organic vs. Conventional As you can imagine, organic agricultural practices are quite distinct from those of “conventional“ fanning. Organic farmers: feed soil and build soil matter with natural fertilizer to grow their crops use insect predators, mating disruption, traps and barriers to pr
16、otect crops from pests and disease make use of crop rotation, mechanical tillage and hand-weeding, as well as cover crops, mulches, flame weeding and other management methods to control weed growth. As a last resort, organic farmers may apply certain botanical or other non-synthetic pesticides. Conv
17、entional farmers:, apply chemical fertilizers to the soil to grow their crops spray with insecticides to protect crops from pests and disease use synthetic herbicides to control weed growth. How Do I Know if a Food is Organic? Look for the word “organic“ on vegetables or pieces of fruit, or on the s
18、ign above the organic produce display. The word “organic“ may also appear on packages of meat, cartons of milk or eggs, cheese and other single-ingredient foods. Foods labeled “100 percent organic“ must contain only organic ingredients. Products containing at least 70 percent organic content can be
19、labeled “made with organic ingredients“. Those foods labeled simply “organic“ must have at least 95 percent organic ingredients, by weight or fluid volume, excluding water and salt. Anyone who knowingly sells or labels a product “organic“ that is not produced and handled in accordance with these reg
20、ulations can face a civil penalty of up to $10,000. Foods grown and processed according to the federal standards will in most cases bear the seal “USDA Organic“. As its use is voluntary, companies may choose not to display the seal. Why Should I Care if a Food is Organic? According to the USDA, orga
21、nic food production allows farmers to lower input costs, decrease reliance on nonrenewable resources, capture high-value markets and premium prices, and boost farm income. Organic agriculture also has many important environmental, benefits: It promotes sustainability by establishing an ecological ba
22、lance to prevent soil fertility or pest problems. In the long run, organic farms tend to conserve energy and protect the environment by maintaining ecological harmony. It enhances biodiversity, or the presence of multiple plant and animal species. Having a highly diverse genetic pool becomes useful
23、in the future when beneficial characteristics can be tapped. Because organic agriculture utilizes practices such as crop rotations, inter-cropping, symbiotic associations, cover crops and minimum tillage, the length of time that the soil is exposed to erosive forces is decreased, which minimizes nut
24、rient losses and boosts soil productivity. By not using synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, organic agriculture-reduces pollution of groundwater. Organic agriculture helps to minimize the greenhouse effect and global warming through its ability to keep carbon in the soil. Why is Organic Food So Ex
25、pensive? Prices tend to be higher for organic titan conventional products. As stated on the Web site of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN), certified organic products are generally, more expensive than their conventional counterparts because: The organic food supp
26、ly is limited as compared to demand. Production costs for organic foods are typically higher because of greater labor input and because farmers dont produce enough of a single product to lower the overall cost. Post-harvest handling of relatively small quantities of organic foods results in higher c
27、osts because organic and conventional 0roduce must be separated for processing and transportation. Marketing and the distribution chain for organic products are relatively inefficient, and costs are higher because of relatively small volumes. The FAO also notes that as the demand for organic food an
28、d products increases, technological innovations and economies of scale should reduce costs of production, processing, distribution and marketing for organic produce. Is Organic Food Better than Conventional Food? Organic and conventional food must meet the same quality and safety standards. Organic
29、food differs from conventionally produced food simply in the way it is grown, handled, and processed. There is no scientific evidence to suggest that it is more nutritious or safer than conventional food. A recently published report indicates that organic food is less likely to contain pesticide res
30、idues than conventional food. Yet, according to the National Research Council, the traces of pesticides left on conventionally grown products are unlikely to cause an increased cancer risk. Also, if fruits and vegetables are properly washed, most of the chemicals can be removed. As for taste, thats
31、up to you to decide what you like best. In general, people tend to find that the fresher a food is, the better it tastes, regardless of how it was produced. 2 The passage is mainly about the differences between conventional and organic fanning. 3 Organic agriculture has become a big industry as more
32、 and more farmers are switching to it. 4 Organic food is not necessarily better than conventional food in temps of nutrition, safety or taste. 5 According to the FAO, as the demand for organic food and products increases, prices will be lower for organic products than conventional products. 6 Organi
33、c agriculture contributes to slowing down the global temperature increase through its ability to _ . 7 Most of the foods grown and processed according to the federal standards will bear the seal _ . 8 _ are applied in conventional farming for weed control. 9 According to the USDA, _ tend to be reduc
34、ed in organic food production. 10 The first use of the term organic farming is usually credited to _ in his 1940 book, Look to the Land. 11 Different from large organic farms, small organic farms were mainly, engaged in _ . Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations a
35、nd 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and d
36、ecide which is the best answer. （ A） Camp in the mountains. （ B） Stay at his own house. （ C） Write to his girlfriend. （ D） Hold his uncles mails. （ A） He doesnt understand his staff. （ B） His computer doesnt work properly. （ C） He doesnt know how to apply computer theory. （ D） He is trouble to add t
37、he figures. （ A） Cowardly. （ B） Anxious. （ C） Lazy. （ D） Courageous. （ A） She made a reservation for the 9:00 flight. （ B） She changed the reservation. （ C） She found they were late for the 8:00 flight. （ D） She misunderstood the man. （ A） He couldnt make any sense out of his course. （ B） He hasnt t
38、aken more than one philosophy course. （ C） He is a philosophy major. （ D） He haspt taken any philosophy course in that department. （ A） A dentist. （ B） A cook. （ C） A dietician. （ D） A twirler. （ A） Go for a swim. （ B） Make better use of time. （ C） Follow the official procedure. （ D） Watch televisio
39、n. （ A） She doubts he makes much money now. （ B） Shes surprised that he chose that company. （ C） She doesnt know when her classes started. （ D） She wonders why hes kept his job. （ A） It plans to send a probe to explore the moon. （ B） Its NASAs most expensive project so far. （ C） Its an ambitious pro
40、ject. （ D） Its involved in the construction of the American space station. （ A） The construction of the American space station. （ B） Budget problems. （ C） Delays. （ D） Technical difficulties. （ A） Building relationship with outer space. （ B） Making profits. （ C） Creating a stepping-stone to scientif
41、ic research. （ D） Fostering international scientific cooperation. （ A） Common causes of anger. （ B） Judging peoples behavior. （ C） Changing peoples attitudes. （ D） The effects of negative behavior. （ A） When theyre unable to control the persons behavior. （ B） When the causes of the behavior are obvi
42、ous. （ C） When the consequences of the behavior are unpleasant. （ D） When the behavior is expected. （ A） Its not always clear why people behave in certain ways. （ B） People usually blame others for their mistakes. （ C） Certain conditions cause drivers to behave strangely. （ D） The reason for some be
43、havior is obvious. （ A） They usually accept responsibility. （ B） They blame factors beyond their control. （ C） They complain about their personal problems. （ D） They compare their behavior to others. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, y
44、ou will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） The meaning of facial expressions depends on situations. （ B） Facial expressions can cause misundersta
45、nding across culture. （ C） People from one culture may lack facial expressions because they experience less emotion. （ D） Facial expressions may disguise true feelings. （ A） They smile to cover embarrassment. （ B） It is an unusual and even suspicious behavior. （ C） They smile to show politeness. （ D
46、） It is an expression of pleasure. （ A） We shouldnt judge people by reading their faces. （ B） We shouldnt smile in the wrong place. （ C） We shouldnt cover our true feelings. （ D） We shouldnt express our emotions too openly. （ A） In 1938. （ B） In 1946. （ C） In 1955. （ D） During World War . （ A） It re
47、flects commercial interests. （ B） It is a fashionable professional event. （ C） It is an essential affair for international cinema. （ D） It is more concerned with the art of film than with financial interests. （ A） It is awarded to the best film of the festival. （ B） It was introduced in 1959. （ C） I
48、t was introduced by a commercial organization. （ D） Only American directors have received this award. （ A） Listening to different styles of conversations. （ B） Listening to the content of different conversations. （ C） Listening to how salesmen talk to different people. （ D） Listening to conversation
49、s in public. （ A） Word games about states and their capitals. （ B） Language games. （ C） Games concerning history. （ D） Guessing games. （ A） Books they had read. （ B） Places they had been to. （ C） Histories and things they remembered. （ D） The fun they got from reading. （ A） Because the conversation was so interesting. （ B） Because they talked loudly enough. （ C） Because they stood so closely to the woman, （ D） Because the language they used was so different. Section C Directions: In
