1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 229及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Students Union, Associations and Personal Development. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below 1. 大学里学生会和各种社团的现状 2参加学生会和各种社团对个人发展的
2、作用 3我的观念中大学生对待学生会和社团活动的正确态度 Students Union, Associations and Personal Development 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-
3、4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Rich North, Hungry South A few years ago, the rich worlds worry a
4、bout economic interaction with developing countries was that the poor could not profit from it. So unbalanced were terms of exchange between the Norths mighty industries and the Souths weakling sweatshops that trade between the two could be nothing more than exploitation of the one by the other: far
5、 from helping the poor countries, global integration would actually deepen their poverty. This fear has now given way to a pessimism that is equal and opposite namely, that trade with the developing world will impoverish todays rich countries. Like the previous scare, this view contains an iota of t
6、ruth enough to lend plausibility. Also like its processor, it is a hysterical exaggeration. However, this new fear is more dangerous than the old one. The earlier scare tacitly affirmed that the industrial countries would suffer if they cut their links with the third world. Starting from there, camp
7、aigning in the North to restrict trade with developing countries was going to be an uphill straggle. Those who oppose deeper economic integration now have a better platform. Vital interests oblige the rich countries to protect their industries from the new onslaught. Unlike its processor, this idea
8、may sell. The grip that this thinking already has on popular opinion owes little to economic history or principles. The new fear, like the old one, express the conviction that growth in one part of the world must somehow come at the expense of another. This is a deeply rooted prejudice, and plainly
9、wrong. Very nearly all of the world is more prosperous now than it was 30 years ago. Growth has been a story of mutual advance, not redistribution; and where living standards have not improved in recent decades (notably, in parts of Africa), excessive integration in the international economy has not
10、 been the cause. Lending useful support to this first error is a second the idea that there is only so much work to go round. If new technologies render some jobs obsolete, or if an increase in the supply of cheap imports makes other jobs uneconomic, the result must be a permanent rise in unemployme
11、nt. Again, on a moments reflection, this is wrong: otherwise, technological progress this century would have pushed unemployment rates in the industrial countries to something in excess of 95%. At the core of both fallacies is blindness to the adaptive power of a market economy. When todays rich eco
12、nomies were predominantly agricultural, it seemed certain that rapidly rising farm productivity (thanks to new technology) would create a permanent army of unemployed. In the days of labor-intensive manufacturing, the same fears were expressed about labor-saving technology in the factory. Farm emplo
13、yment in the industrial countries has dwindled to nearly nothing: manufacturing employment in America now stands at a mere 15% of the labor-force. But other jobs have taken their place. As a result, these changes have happened alongside indeed, they have been part and parcel of an extraordinarily ra
14、pid, persistent and widely shared improvement in living standards. Yet it does not suffice to refute elementary fallacies. Sophisticated alarmists avoid them (taking care, obviously, not to educate their listeners). But carefully, their case goes as follows. The breadth and intensity of third-world
15、competition is increasing. The pressure is concentrated on particular parts of the economy for the moment, on low-skill manufacturing. Wages there are being forced down and jobs lost. This change will accelerate. Modem societies (with weak ties of family and religion) are no longer equipped to withs
16、tand such strains. The result will be great social distress. This argument rests on a series of claims that need to be examined one by one. One survey does this at length. It agrees that in many industries the developing countries are offering much stiffer competition than before, and that this will
17、 continue. It also agrees that the wages and jobs of low-skilled workers are under pressure as a result. But it argues, first, that these effects have been overdone. Third-world incomes are automatically regulated by international differences in productivity; the faster their advantage in cheap labo
18、r will be eroded. Moreover, that advantage has itself been exaggerated. Labor costs are only a small part of total costs, especially in manufacturing; in other respects in complementary physical and human capital the poor countries will remain at a big disadvantage for years. So the pressures have b
19、een overstated. On the other hand, what the industrial countries stand to gain from faster growth in the third world has been altogether ignored. Stronger competition will push rich-country producers to invest more and improve their efficiency; expanding markets for rich-country exports will allow t
20、hem to reap new economies of scale. Even more important is the direct effect that greater productivity in the third world will have on the Norths standard of living. Cheaper imports mean lower prices and, hence, higher real incomes. The potential gain is large. In the aggregate, the economic benefit
21、s to the North from faster growth in the third world seem certain to outweigh the costs. Remember the gains to the worlds poor countries and the global benefits are immense. And yet, you might ask, What consolation is this to the rich countries losers? Perhaps the social costs for the North are so g
22、reat that the economic gain should be refused. Suppose this is right, it would follow that new technology ought to be resisted with even greater urgency than imports from the third world. Technological progress, after all, is an even more powerful engine of economic change. It asks the citizens of r
23、ich countries to strike the same bargain they are offered by faster growth in the developing world: in the aggregate, it benefits them, but there are losers along the way. Ross Perot and the other leading alarmists on third world growth have not yet argued for prohibitive taxes on all forms of labor
24、-saving innovation. This can only be an oversight. Innovation remains the greater threat social harmony and believing this requires no imagination. Machines have been destroying jobs, wrecking communities and spreading misery for centuries. Doubtless, some argue seriously for a punitive innovation t
25、ax. Most people would regard the idea as absurd. Why? Not because new technology brings nothing but good (the social costs are real) but because, with time, the benefits overwhelm the costs. So it will prove with trade with the developing world. As in accommodating the changes brought by new technol
26、ogy, however, governments have an important job to protect the losers without denying the benefits to citizens at large. This is a crucial point: if the case against trade with the third world gains ground, it will be partly because governments fail in that challenge. It will not do to provide a wel
27、fare system that pays a subsistence income to those whose jobs disappear, for boredom and idleness, even at a bearable standard of living, are socially corrosive. Far more needs to be done to help workers acquire the skills they need to switch jobs and, in many cases, to equip them with the literacy
28、 and numeracy that they may well have lacked in the first place. Steadily expanding programs of adults education, better job-placement services, grants and other help for those who need to move house to find work, and explicit subsidies for some kinds of low-wage employment would all be sensible way
29、s to spend part of the dividend that growth in the South will pay to the North. This is an agenda that governments have been too slow to develop. Unless they start to act soon, the alarmists may win more converts. And the marvelous opportunity that is now before the world may be jeopardized. To buil
30、d obstacles on the developing countries path out of poverty would be the crime of the century. Happily, it is preventable. 2 Old fear refers to that trade with the developing world will impoverish todays rich countries. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Technological progress has pushed unemployment rates in
31、the industrial countries to something in excess of 95%. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 To trade with the third world is mainly because that it is full of natural resources. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 The passage manly refutes the wrong ideas about the economic interaction between rich and poor countries. （ A）
32、 Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Both fears express the conviction that growth in one part of the world must somehow come_. 7 The most important part of both fallacies is blindness to _of a market economy. 8 Manufacturing employment in America now stands at a mere _of the labor-force. 9 The economic benefits to
33、the North from faster growth in the third world _the costs. 10 _on the developing countries path out of poverty would be the crime of the century. 11 The survey argues that third-world incomes are automatically regulated by_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations
34、 and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and
35、 decide which is the best answer. （ A） Three times. （ B） Six times. （ C） Eight times. （ D） Twelve times. （ A） That she is a barbarian. （ B） That she doesnt like to read. （ C） That she probably has the book. （ D） That she owns a bookstore. （ A） Fish and goose. （ B） Chicken. （ C） Goose and chicken. （
36、D） Fish. （ A） Hopkins. （ B） Wilfred. （ C） Ralf. （ D） The woman. （ A） Ellinwood. （ B） Reuter. （ C） Hardin. （ D） The woman. （ A） 9 oclock. （ B） 8:30. （ C） 8 oclock. （ D） 10 oclock. （ A） She is at school. （ B） She is at the library. （ C） She is at tile swimming pool. （ D） She is at home. （ A） Wilson is
37、 unkind. （ B） Wilson can t offer any help. （ C） Wilson will help. （ D） Wilson wants to get money. （ A） A sick friend. （ B） A math class. （ C） School policy. （ D） The mans test. （ A） Because it is against the law. （ B） Because the man is not a member of Terrys family. （ C） Because the woman cannot fi
38、nd the test. （ D） Because Terry was too sick to take the test. （ A） Young. （ B） Purcell. （ C） Raleigh. （ D） Kelly. （ A） Seven or ten meals per week. （ B） Fourteen meals per week. （ C） Twenty-one meals per week. （ D） A free choice of paying method. （ A） When they get their meals. （ B） When they get t
39、he card. （ C） By the end of the week. （ D） By the end of every month. （ A） It is very economical. （ B） It provides them with cheaper meals. （ C） It gives a complicated system. （ D） It gives free lunch and dinner. （ A） Staying on campus at weekends. （ B） Having extra meals. （ C） Buying single meals.
40、（ D） Dining in the nearby restaurant. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four
41、 choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） The mans professor. （ B） The mans roommate. （ C） A neighbor. （ D） The mans brother （ A） He is too sloppy. （ B） He borrows Colins things. （ C） He brings guests over to the apartment. （ D） He doesnt use the kitchen enough （ A） Try to talk to Colin. （ B） Go home for
42、a week. （ C） Wait till the end of this week. （ D） Have a room change immediately （ A） A delicate art. （ B） A religion. （ C） An exact science. （ D） A way of life （ A） His general health will benefit greatly. （ B） He will begin to breathe more regularly. （ C） His flexibility will decrease. （ D） He wil
43、l lose weight readily （ A） Begin breathing through the nostrils. （ B） Slow down somewhat, but continue straining. （ C） Stop the particular exercise at once. （ D） Close his month immediately （ A） Going to college in the past was more stressful than it is today. （ B） Going to college in the past was l
44、ess stressful than it is today. （ C） Going to college in the past was as stressful as it is today. （ D） Going to college was not stressful in the past, neither is it today. （ A） She wants to earn more money. （ B） She has to pay for her college education. （ C） She feels lonely sometimes. （ D） She nee
45、ds more experience. （ A） Headache. （ B） Fear. （ C） Depression. （ D） Homesickness. （ A） Fifty percent higher than that of the non-students of the same age. （ B） One - quarter of that of the non-students of the same age. （ C） Half million. （ D） Less than that in the past. Section C Directions: In this
46、 section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blan
47、ks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 Why do we cry? Can you imagine a life without tears? Not only do tears keep your eyes lubricated, they also contain a【 B1】 _ th
48、at kills certain【 B2】 _ so they cant infect your eyes. Give up your tears, and you lose this on the spot defense. Nor would you want to give up the flood of【 B3】 _ tears you produce when you get something physical or chemical in your eyes. Tears are very good at washing this【 B4】_ stuff out. Another
49、 thing you couldnt do without your tears is cry from joy, anger, or sadness. Humans are the only animals that produce tears in response to【 B5】 _ . And mot people say a good cry makes some feel better. Many scientists, therefore, believe that crying【 B6】 _ helps us cope with the emotional situations. Tear【 B7】 _ ,William Fred is trying to figure out how it happens. “One【 B8】 _ “, he says, “is that tears discharge certain chemicals from your b
