1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 418及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a friend inviting her to come to Beijing for May 1st holiday. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1. 假设你是李芳，给好朋友 Lily写一封信。内容如下： 1. 邀请她五一
2、放假其间来北京游玩 2. 简单介绍北京的名胜古迹 3. 希望对方回信交流意见 A Letter to a Frien 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if
3、 the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 The Geodesic Dome (圆顶层 ) the House of the Future? R. Buckminster Fuller spent much of th
4、e early 20 th century looking for ways to improve human shelter by applying modern technological know-how to shelter construction, making shelter more comfortable and efficient, and more economically available to a greater number of people. After acquiring some experience in the building industry an
5、d discovering the traditional practices and perceptions which severely limit changes and improvements in construction practices, Fuller carefully examined and improved interior structure equipment, including the toilet, the shower, and the bathroom as a whole. He studied structure shells, and devise
6、d a number of alternatives, each less expensive, lighter, and stronger than traditional wood, brick, and stone buildings. In 1944, the United States suffered a serious housing shortage. Government officials knew that Fuller had developed a prototype of family dwelling which could be produced rapidly
7、, using the same equipment which had previously built war-time airplanes. They could be “installed“ anywhere, the way a telephone is installed, and with little additional difficulty. When one official flew to Wichita, Kansas to see this house, which Beech Aircraft and Fuller built, the man reportedl
8、y gasped, “My God! This is the house of the future!“ Soon, unsolicited checks poured in from people who wanted to purchase this new kind of house, but Fuller was never able to get it into full production. This was due to many obstacles such as only union contractors were able to hook the houses up t
9、o water, power and sewers in many cities. However, because the houses were already wired and had the plumbing installed by the aircraft company, many construction trade unions made it clear that they would not work on the houses. There were also in-house differences between Fuller and the stockholde
10、rs. Fuller did not feel the house design was complete; there were problems he wanted to fix. But the stockholders wanted to move ahead. However, the main obstruction was obtaining the financing for the tooling costs, which were purposefully not included in the negotiations with investors. No bank wo
11、uld finance the project with union problems and stockholder battles. After the war, Fullers efforts focused on the problem of how to build a shelter which is so lightweight that it can be delivered by air. Shelter should be mobile which would require great breakthroughs in the weight-reduction of th
12、e materials. Technology would have to follow natures design as seen by the spiders web which can float in a hurricane because of its high strength-to-weight ratio. New shelter would have to be designed that assimilates these principles and that was Fullers intent. One of the ways Buckminster Fuller
13、would describe the differences in strength between a rectangle and a triangle would be apply pressure to both structures. The rectangle would fold up and be unstable but the triangle withstands the pressure and is much more rigid in fact the triangle is twice as strong. This principle directed his s
14、tudies toward creating a new architectural design, the geodesic dome, based also upon his idea of “doing more with less“. Fuller discovered that if a spherical structure was created from triangles, it would have incomparable strength. The sphere uses the “doing more with less“ principle in that it e
15、ncloses the largest volume of interior space with the least amount of surface area thus saving on materials and cost. Fuller reintroduced the idea that when the spheres diameter is doubled it will quadruple its square footage and produce eight times the volume. The spherical (球形的 ) structure of a do
16、me is one of the most efficient interior atmospheres for human dwellings because air and energy are allowed to circulate without obstruction. This enables heating and cooling to occur naturally. Geodesic shelters have been built all around the world in different climates and temperatures and still t
17、hey have proven to be the most efficient human shelter one can find. More specifically, the dome is energy efficient for many reasons: Its decreased surface area requires less building materials; exposure to cold in the winter and heat in the summer is decreased because, being spherical, there is th
18、e least surface area per unity of volume per structure; the curved-in interior creates a natural airflow that allows the hot or cool air to flow evenly throughout the dome with the help of return air ducts; extreme wind turbulence is lessened because the winds that contribute to heat loss flow smoot
19、hly around the dome; it acts like a type of giant down-pointing headlight reflector and reflects and concentrates interior heat. This helps prevent radiant heat loss. The net annual energy savings for a dome owner is 30% more than normal rectilinear (直线的 ) homes according to the Oregon Dome Co. This
20、 is quite an improvement and helps save the environment from wasted energy. Domes have been designed by Fuller and others to withstand high winds and extreme temperatures as seen in the Polar Regions. Many dome manufacturers offer various designs in geodesic dome housing with little assembly time re
21、quired. Some houses can be assembled in less than a day with others taking up to six months. Many also come in dome kits that buyers can build themselves or with the help of friends. R. Buckminster Fullers first worldwide acceptance by the architectural community occurred with the 1954 Triennale whe
22、re his cardboard dome was displayed for the first time. The Milan Triennale was established to stage international exhibitions aimed to present the most innovative accomplishments in the fields of design, crafts, architecture and city planning. The theme for 1954 was Life between Artifact and Nature
23、: Design and the Environmental Challenge, which fit in perfectly with Fullers work. Fuller had begun efforts towards the development of a Comprehensive Anticipatory Design Science, which he defined as, “the effective application of the principles of science to the conscious design of our total envir
24、onment in order to help make the Earths limited resources meet the needs of all humanity without disrupting the ecological processes of the planet.“ The cardboard shelter that was part of his exhibit could be easily shipped and assembled with the directions printed right on the cardboard. The 42-foo
25、t paper board Geodesic was installed in old Sforza garden in Milan and came away with the highest award, the Grand Premio. 2 A geodesic dome is basically a spherical structure created from rectangles. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Every year, a dome owner may spend 30% less in energy expenditure than a no
26、rmal rectilinear home one. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Domes are the environment-friendly building. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Some scientists set up domes in the Polar Regions. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 In 1944, government officials were interested in Fullers family dwelling because it could be _ . 7 Fuller
27、s family dwelling was not fully produced mainly because there were _ . 8 According to the description of Buckminster Fuller, the main advantage of a triangle in strength was _ . 9 Besides the feature of “doing more with less“, the spherical structure of dome can also allow natural _ without obstruct
28、ion. 10 It has been proved that the geodesic dome is _ human shelter. 11 Fuller won _ in 1954 for his achievement in the 42-foot cardboard shelter. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questi
29、ons will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） He hasnt got a fiat. （ B） He wants to g
30、o and look. （ C） He wants to share a fiat. （ D） He wants the woman to go and look. （ A） He will help Mary to cook the dish instead of Bill. （ B） He will wash the dishes himself instead of Mary. （ C） He will help Bill to translate the manual. （ D） He himself will operate the dishwasher. （ A） Borrow h
31、er book. （ B） Check the classroom again. （ C） Buy a new book. （ D） Ask about the book at the information desk. （ A） The visiting economist has given several lectures. （ B） Dr. Johnson and the guest speaker were schoolmates. （ C） Dr. Johnson invited the economist to visit their college. （ D） The gues
32、t lecturers opinion is different from Dr. Johnsons. （ A） He agrees with the womans choice. （ B） He doesnt want spicy food. （ C） He wants the salad to be fresh. （ D） Garlic is his favorite flavor. （ A） Because theyre bored. （ B） Because if theyre bored they just turn on the television. （ C） Because t
33、elevision can entertain people. （ D） Because television cannot tell people how to train their ability. （ A） The man will go home during the spring holiday. （ B） The man will graduate before spring holiday. （ C） The man will not graduate in May. （ D） The man will not go home during the spring holiday
34、. （ A） Call a taxi for the woman. （ B） Ride a horse with the woman. （ C） Take the Woman to the bus station. （ D） Drive the woman to the train station. （ A） There was television, but not in London. （ B） There was no television anywhere in England. （ C） There was television, but only in the London are
35、a. （ D） There was television somewhere in Britain. （ A） It is a private company. （ B） It is controlled by the government. （ C） It cannot be used for government propaganda. （ D） It can be used by private individuals and firms. （ A） Because they have to pay for it. （ B） Because they think TVs commerci
36、als are insults to their intelligence. （ C） Because it gets all its money from advertisements. （ D） Because there werent any ads on TV. （ A） Be a researcher in the area. （ B） Be a clinical psychologist. （ C） Know how to be a problem-solver. （ D） Know more about peoples behavior. （ A） The area covere
37、d by the course. （ B） The practice orientation of the course. （ C） Teachers attitude to both teaching and the students. （ D） Teachers flexibility in teaching. （ A） Designing various questionnaires. （ B） Making surveys in factories. （ C） Making analysis on statistics. （ D） Writing reports about quest
38、ionnaires. （ A） She was tired of asking people questions. （ B） She wanted something for a change. （ C） She wanted something more challenging. （ D） She failed to get a promotion. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some ques
39、tions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） To make a deal. （ B） To greet each other. （ C） To show friendliness. （ D） To reach an agreement. （ A） Westerners are unwilli
40、ng to shake hands. （ B） Westerners are more reserved than the Chinese. （ C） We shouldnt shake hands with European women. （ D） We should make a judgment before shaking hands. （ A） To give us some advice before we travel abroad. （ B） To offer us some important facts about handshaking. （ C） To introduc
41、e us to some different customs in the West. （ D） To tell us some differences between the East and the West. （ A） Mainly because she felt nervous on the stage. （ B） Mainly because she lost her interest in that role. （ C） Mainly because she preferred the role of the narrator. （ D） Mainly because she h
42、ad difficulty memorizing her words. （ A） To remove the dandelions. （ B） To enjoy the garden scene. （ C） To have a talk with her daughter. （ D） To help her daughter with the play. （ A） Everybody has some unforgettable memory. （ B） Everybody should learn to play different roles. （ C） Everybody has his
43、 or her own value in the world. （ D） Everybody can find his or her own way to success. （ A） Development of the National Flag （ B） Power of the National Flag （ C） Types of Flags （ D） Uses of Flags （ A） They could tell wind direction. （ B） They could bring good luck to fighters. （ C） They were handed
44、down by the ancestors. （ D） They were believed to stand for natural forces. （ A） He knows when it was sent to Europe. （ B） He believes it was made in Egypt. （ C） He thinks it came from China. （ D） He doubts where it started. （ A） The role of China in the spread of the national flag. （ B） The second
45、ancestor of the national flag. （ C） The use of modern flags in Europe. （ D） The importance of modern flags. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is r
46、ead for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write do
47、wn the 36 Ironically, in the United States, a country of immigrants, prejudice and discrimination continue to be serious problems. There was often tension between each established group of immigrants and each 【 B1】 _ group. As each group became more【 B2】 _ successful, and more powerful, they exclude
48、d newcomers from full participation in the society. Prejudice and discrimination are part of American history; however, this prejudicial treatment of different groups is nowhere more【 B3】 _ than with black Americans. Blacks had【 B4】 _ disadvantages. For the most part, they came to the land of opport
49、unity as slaves and they were not free to keep their heritage and cultural【 B5】_ Unlike most European immigrants, blacks did not have the protection of a support group. They could not mix easily with the【 B6】 _ society either because of their skin color. It was difficult for them to adapt to the American culture. Even after they became free people, they still【 B7】 _ discrimination in employment, housing and education. Until the twentieth century, the【 B8】 _
