1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 481及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled My View on “Moon-lite“. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below: 1. 如今的年轻人中流行 “月光族 ”，就是每个月都反自己赚的钱花光，没有任何积蓄的人群 2. 有人认为这是时尚的体现，但这样做存
2、在着种种问题 3. 我的看法 My View on “Moonlite“ 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees
3、with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Part Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions: In this part you will have 15 minutes to go ove
4、r the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B). C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. How to Retire Earlier Its every working staffs dream: sayi
5、ng goodbye to the daily grind while you still have your own teeth. In our early retirement fantasies, were traveling the world, healthy and in the prime of our lives, visiting those hard-to-pronounce countries weve always talked about and sampling the finest local fare. Retirement-related Problems S
6、urveys show that more than half of workers between the ages of 30 and 50 plan to retire before theyre 60. But theres only one problem with this wishful thinking: Retiring early is easy, but making your money last is hard. One problem with saving up for early retirement is that we tend not to think b
7、eyond those first few glorious years of good health and full checking accounts-we dont do the long-term math. If the average male life expectancy is 75.2 and we retire at 55, then our savings, and stock market investments need to last for 20 years. And what if we live even longer than average? And d
8、ont forget that life can get tricky during those last five or ten years. Very few fortunate souls drift away in their sleep at age 88 without ever having major surgeries, hospitalizations or chronic (and expensive) conditions to manage-not to mention the ever-increasing costs of medical insurance an
9、d prescription drugs. While we tend to overestimate our health, we underestimate our post-retirement financial needs. A 2002 survey found that only 17 percent of workers thought theyd need 80 percent of their salary after retirement. Forty percent thought theyd be fine with 60 percent of current ear
10、nings. That might suffice for a few good years, but the longer you live, the less chance your money will last. Furthermore. isnt it possible that traveling the world and living out of a suitcase could get pretty tedious? Did you ever think that you might be bored without a day job? Do you have enoug
11、h hobbies and interests to sustain you for 20 to 30 years without business trips, deadlines and daily meetings? But dont get discouraged. If youre serious about retiring early and dedicated to making it work, you can make it happen. All it takes is some serious financial planning, a strict budget an
12、d some good old-fashioned luck. So how do you start planning for an early retirement? What are the most important calculations? What are some common mistakes? Financial Planning The first step when planning for an early retirement is to figure out exactly how much money you have right now. This is c
13、alled your net worth. Net worth is calculated by adding up all of your assets (cash, stocks, retirement accounts and the value of your home) and subtracting all of your outstanding debt (mortgage, student loans and credit card debt). When you know how much you have, you need to figure out how much m
14、oney youll need when you retire. This amount depends on several factors: what you want to do when you retire, how early you want to retire and what standard of living you want to enjoy when retired. If you want to keep up your current standard of living as a retiree, the rule of thumb is that youll
15、be spending monthly at least 80 percent of what youre spending now. That other 20 percent you wont be spending accounts for work-related expenses: gas or public transportation fares for your commute, dry cleaning bills, lunches and the like. But if you plan to travel, play more golf or fix up a clas
16、sic car as a retiree, youll quickly make up that 20 percent you thought you were saving by not working. Perhaps the most important factor when calculating how much youll need is how early you want to retire. Theres a big difference in planning for a 20-year retirement and a 40-year retirement. Plus,
17、 the earlier you retire, the longer youll have to wait to get Social Security benefits. This isnt a problem for people who retire after the minimum age for collecting Social Security (currently 62). But if you retire too early, you might not have enough to get by on until Social Security kicks in. A
18、nother serious consideration when planning for an early retirement is health insurance. When youre employed, you pay part of your monthly insurance premium and your employer pays the rest. When you retire, youre guaranteed coverage under the same insurance policy for the next 18 to 36 months through
19、 the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconstruction Act, also known as COBRA. COBRA is meant as a temporary protection for employees who lose or change jobs. But even with COBRA, youll be paying the full premium, including what your boss used to pay. Youre not eligible for Medical benefits until youre 6
20、5. So, until you reach that age, youll need a supplementary insurance policy. When you apply for a new policy after COBRA runs out, you might be surprised at how expensive it is to insure a 60-year-old with pre-existing medical conditions. The cheapest policy for a 62-year-old nonsmoker is $ 300 a m
21、onth, and it increases if you smoke, have a history of heart problems, high blood pressure, diabetes and other conditions. One way to get started on your early retirement budget is to use one of the many free online retirement calculators to figure out how much youll need in net worth to retire at a
22、 certain age. But the only way to know if your planned retirement spending will work is to try a dry run. Try to live for three months on the projected monthly amount that you hope to live on when retired. If its not working now, it certainly wont work when you factor in increased healthcare and ins
23、urance costs. How can you start saving for an early retirement now? What are the best long-term investments for building up a retirement nest egg? Investing for Early Retirement Compound interest is a beautiful thing. The best thing you can do right now to ensure an early retirement is to invest as
24、much of your earnings as possible in safe, long-term investments and tax-deferrable retirement savings accounts. A good place to start is with a tight budget. As we learned in How to Make a Million Dollars, one of the quickest ways to become rich is to live a frugal lifestyle. Instead of living beyo
25、nd your means-buying things on credit that you cant immediately pay back live below your means. Buy a used car instead of a new one (or better yet, take the bus). Choose the two-bedroom house instead of the five-bedroom one. So, how much money should we be saving from each paycheck? MSN Money descri
26、bes a 20/20/20 system. Starting at age 20, if you invest 20 percent of each paycheck, you could retire in 20 years and live on the interest from your investments. As weve already asked, can you live right now on 80 percent of your income, like youll be living on in retirement? Try setting up an auto
27、matic withdrawal (取款 ) from your checking account. Whenever a paycheck is deposited at the bank, 20 percent will automatically be deducted before you even have a chance to see it, let alone spend it. Now you need to take that money and invest it in something with guaranteed long-term growth. MSN Mon
28、ey recommends a stock market index fund that tracks S we no longer have any reason to end the academic year in May or June.【 B10】 _ , then we are going to have to operate six days a week, year round. We should go to full-time operation 【 B11】_ . For many universities where teaching goes on five days
29、 a week for thirty weeks, capacity is con strained by the physical plant. 37 【 B1】 38 【 B2】 39 【 B3】 40 【 B4】 41 【 B5】 42 【 B6】 43 【 B7】 44 【 B8】 45 【 B9】 46 【 B10】 47 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage c
30、arefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. 47 Growing up in a small town in the Uttar Pradesh region of India, Ram Charan learnt his most valuable lesson while he was working behind the counter in his familys small shoe shop. Watching his elders as t
31、hey advanced credit to customers, who had little money until the next harvest came in, and then resorted to the shops finances to make ends meet, he developed a respect for the importance of carefully managing cash flow. Now a successful consultant, the 69-year-old Mr. Charan is using that experienc
32、e to help his clients in unstable times. Although big consulting firms such as Accenture and McKinsey (which this week named Dominic Barton as its new managing director) like to claim that their services are fairly immune to downturns, there are already signs that demand for consultancy is declining
33、. Siemens, a German industrial giant, recently said it would give up all external advisers to save hundreds of millions of Euros. Other firms are likely to follow its lead. Mr. Charan, however, says he is still as busy as ever. That may be because he is something of an oddity in the consulting world
34、. Tom Davenport, a professor at Babson College in Massachusetts who has studied the consulting industry, says it is typically divided between individual genius who come up with big ideas, publish books, give speeches and undertake the occasional consulting job on the one hand, and the giant consulti
35、ng firms that take these big ideas and apply them inside corporations using armies of consultants on the other. The division is not quite so clear-cut in practice. The consultancies, for example, also like to think of themselves as “thought leaders“, publishing much boring research. Mr. Charan bridg
36、es both worlds as well, producing plenty of management books-his 16th book, “Leadership in the Era of Economic Uncertainty“, has just been published-and giving lectures, but also acting as a hands-on consultant to leaders of a host of companies, including Wipro, an Indian outsourcing firm, and DuPon
37、t, a chemicals company. It is this immersion in the world of business, through his consulting, that distinguishes Mr. Charan from most other popular management thinkers, who often come from academic or journalistic backgrounds. And rather than boasting big-picture themes, his lectures and books ofte
38、n focus on practical suggestions to help managers improve their performance. 48 Ram Charan found that many people had to resort to his familys shop to _. 49 Actions taken by Siemens and other firms show demanding for consultancy is _. 50 According to Tom Davenport, what can the consulting industry b
39、e divided into? 51 Despite of the difference between two types of consulting industry, they are in practice not _. 52 What has made Mr. Charan distinct from the other management thinkers? Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfini
40、shed statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. 52 Road courtesy is not only good manners, but good sense, too. It takes the most level-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to get their revenge when subjecte
41、d to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little courtesy goes a long way towards relieving the tensions and frustrations of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of courtesy helps to create an atmosphere of good will and tolerance so necessary in modern t
42、raffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of courtesy are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays dont even seem able to recognize courtesy when they see it. Contrary to general opinion, young drivers (especially sports-car owners, who take pride in their driving) have better manners than their
43、 seniors. But this attitude is short-lived in the world of modern driving where many drivers neither expect nor give any quarter. This may be a commendable trait on the battlefield but is out of place on the roads. Lorry drivers say they have almost abandoned the practice of signaling cars to overta
44、ke when the road is clear, because many of the cars took too long to pass. Their drivers couldnt be bothered to select a lower gear. Others, after overtaking, slowed down again and hogged (多占 ) the road. Again, a motoring magazine has recently drawn attention to the increasing number of drivers who
45、never wait for gaps. “They manufacture them by force, using their direction indicators as a threat rather than a warning.“ Slanging-matches (互相谩骂 )and even punch-ups are quite common. It cant be long before we hear of pistols and knives being used: we can then call our dual carriageways duel carriag
46、eways, and solve a spelling problem in the process. Driving is essentially a state of mind. However technically skilled a driver may be, he cant be an advanced motorist if he is always arrogant and aggressive. Ironically, misplaced courtesy can also be dangerous and selfish. Typical examples are the
47、 driver who brakes violently to allow a lone car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a pedestrian crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time.
48、 The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that the highways are not littered with the corpses of these grannies. 53 Road courtesy is good sense because _. （ A） it minimizes quarrels （ B） it cuts down the number of drivers （ C）
49、 most drivers will hit you if offended （ D） most drivers never make acknowledgements 54 The main trouble with young drivers is that _. （ A） they are proud of their cars （ B） they tend to own sports cars （ C） they soon become like the older ones （ D） they think they are on the battlefield 55 The word “them“ (Line 6, Para. 3) refers to _. （ A） gaps （ B） road courtesies （ C） other drivers on the road （ D） chances for a driver to accelerate 56 An example of misplaced manners on the ro
