1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 549及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Overpackaging. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below. 1现在不少商品都存在过度包装现象 2出现这一现象的原因及 其带来的后果 3为了改变这种状况，我认为 Overpackaging 二、 Part II Reading
2、Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if
3、 the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Choice blindness: You dont know what you want We have all heard of experts who fail basic tests of sensory discrimination in their own field: wine snobs (自命不凡的人 ) who
4、 cant tell red from white wine (though in blackened cups), or art critics who see deep meaning in random lines drawn by a computer. We delight in such stories since anyone claiming to be an authority is fair game. But what if we shine the spotlight on choices we make about everyday things? Experts m
5、ight be forgiven for being wrong about the limits of their skills as experts, but could we be forgiven for being wrong about the limits of our skills as experts on ourselves? We have been trying to answer this question using techniques from magic performances. Rather than playing tricks with alterna
6、tives presented to participants, we secretly altered the outcomes of their choices, and recorded how they react. For example, in an early study we showed our volunteers pairs of pictures of faces and asked them to choose the most attractive. In some trials, immediately after they made their choice,
7、we asked people to explain the reasons behind their choices. Unknown to them, we sometimes used a double-card magic trick to secretly exchange one face for the other so they ended up with the face they did not choose. Common sense dictates that all of us would notice such a big change in the outcome
8、 of a choice. But the result showed that in 75 per cent of the trials our participants were blind to the mismatch, even offering “reasons“ for their “choice“. We called this effect “choice blindness“, echoing change blindness, the phenomenon identified by psychologists where a remarkably large numbe
9、r of people fail to spot a major change in their environment. Recall the famous experiments where X asks Y for directions; while Y is struggling to help, X is switched for Z and Y fails to notice. Researchers are still pondering the full implications, but it does show how little information we use i
10、n daily life, and undermines the idea that we know what is going on around us. When we set out, we aimed to weigh in on the enduring, complicated debate about self-knowledge and intentionality. For all the intimate familiarity we feel we have with decisionmaking, it is very difficult to know about i
11、t from the “inside“: one of the great barriers for scientific research is the nature of subjectivity. As anyone who has ever been in a verbal disagreement can prove, people tend to give elaborate justifications for their decisions, which we have every reason to believe are nothing more than rational
12、isations (文过饰非 ) after me event. To prove such people wrong, though, or even provide enough evidence to change their mind, is an entirely different matter: who are you to say what my reasons are? But with choice blindness we drive a large wedge between intentions and actions in the mind. As our part
13、icipants give us verbal explanations about choices they never made, we can show them beyond doubt and prove it that what they say cannot be true. So our experiments offer a unique window into confabulation (虚构 ) (the story-telling we do to justify things after the fact) that is otherwise very diffic
14、ult to come by. We can compare everyday explanations with those under lab conditions, looking for such things as the amount of detail in descriptions, how coherent the narrative is, the emotional tone, or even the timing or flow of the speech. Then we can create a theoretical framework to analyse an
15、y kind of exchange. This framework could provide a clinical use for choice blindness: for example, two of our ongoing studies examine how malingering (装病 ) might develop into true symptoms, and how confabulation might play a role in obsessive-compulsive disorder (强迫症 ). Importantly, the effects of c
16、hoice blindness go beyond snap judgments. Depending on what our volunteers say in response to the mismatched outcomes of choices (whether they give short or long explanations, give numerical rating or labelling, and so on) we found this interaction could change their future preferences to the extent
17、 that they come to prefer the previously rejected alternative. This gives us a rare glimpse into the complicated dynamics of self-feedback (“I chose this, I publicly said so, therefore I must like it“), which we suspect lies behind the formation of many everyday preferences. We also want to explore
18、the boundaries of choice blindness. Of course, it will be limited by choices we know to be of great importance in everyday life. Which bride or bridegroom would fail to notice if someone switched their partner at the altar through amazing sleight of hand (巧妙的手 段 )? Yet there is ample territory betwe
19、en the absurd idea of spouse-swapping, and the results of our early face experiments. For example, in one recent study we invited supermarket customers to choose between two paired varieties of jam and tea. In order to switch each participants choice without them noticing, we created two sets of “ma
20、gical“ jars, with lids at both ends and a divider inside. The jars looked normal, but were designed to hold one variety of jam or tea at each end, and could easily be flipped over. Immediately after the participants chose, we asked them to taste their choice again and tell us verbally why they made
21、that choice. Before they did, we turned over the sample containers, so the tasters were given the opposite of what they had intended in their selection. Strikingly, people detected no more than a third of all these trick trials. Even when we switched such remarkably different flavors as spicy cinnam
22、on and apple for bitter grapefruit jam, the participants spotted less than half of all switches. We have also documented this kind of effect when we simulate online shopping for consumer products such as laptops or cellphones, and even apartments. Our latest tests are exploring moral and political d
23、ecisions, a domain where reflection and deliberation are supposed to play a central role, but which we believe is perfectly suited to investigating using choice blindness. Throughout our experiments, as well as registering whether our volunteers noticed that they had been presented with the alternat
24、ive they did not choose, we also quizzed them about their beliefs about their decision processes. How did they think they would feel if they had been exposed to a study like ours? Did they think they would have noticed the switches? Consistently, between 80 and 90 per cent of people said that they b
25、elieved they would have noticed something was wrong. Imagine their surprise, even disbelief, when we told them about the nature of the experiments. In everyday decision-making we do see ourselves as knowing a lot about our selves, but like the wine buff or art critic, we often overstate what we know
26、. The good news is that this form of decision snobbery should not be too difficult to treat. Indeed, after reading this article you might already be cured. 2 What does the author say about some experts? （ A） They are authorities only in their own fields. （ B） They arent easily fooled by the tricky t
27、ests. （ C） The mistakes theyve made are inevitable. （ D） They sometimes fail to do well as claimed. 3 What did the researchers do to participants in the experiments? （ A） They put on a magic performance to the participants. （ B） They diverted the participants attention and disrupted their choosing.
28、（ C） They changed the things participants chose without their noticing. （ D） They added confusion to the two options the participants faced. 4 What does the result of the face choosing experiments reveal? （ A） People could explain well why they made their choices. （ B） Only a few of participants had
29、 choice blindness in making decision. （ C） Usually participants were aware of the limits of their skills. （ D） Most participants didnt realize that their choices had been switched. 5 Change blindness refers to the phenomenon that_. （ A） many people fail to notice the big change around them （ B） peop
30、le tend to ignore the small changes in the surroundings （ C） peoples choices can be easily interrupted by a big change （ D） quite a few people do not have a good sense of directions 6 Whats peoples tendency to do for their decisions? （ A） Refusing to admit they made wrong decisions. （ B） Trying to f
31、ind reasons to explain the decisions. （ C） Changing the decisions on second thoughts. （ D） Seeking others advice when making the decisions. 7 What do researchers think is the drive for many everyday preferences? （ A） The haste judgment. （ B） The mechanism of self-feedback. （ C） The interaction with
32、others. （ D） The expectation for the future. 8 What do we learn about the boundaries of choice blindness? （ A） The boundaries are impossible to be marked. （ B） It occurs only when decisions are not important. （ C） It could happen even in the significant events. （ D） Brides wont have choice blindness
33、 in the weddings. 9 In their latest tests researchers are investigating peoples decisions in the fields of _with choice blindness. 10 From the quiz researchers find that most people are quite confident about their feelings in the_. 11 The volunteers were surprised at the fact that in everyday decisi
34、on-making, peoples beliefs are often_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. Afte
35、r each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） How to help their parents. （ B） How to take computer courses. （ C） How to spend a summer vacation. （ D） How to celebrate the last day of school. （ A
36、） At his apartment. （ B） In a hotel nearby. （ C） In the womans home. （ D） In his friends dormitory. （ A） She has finished her thesis. （ B） A special day is coming over soon. （ C） The man was elected the chair of the department. （ D） There is something special about their school. （ A） There were a lo
37、t of good books. （ B） He bought a lot of books over there. （ C） The books were too expensive to buy. （ D） There were many people at the book sale. （ A） The mans glasses have been fixed already. （ B） The man may pick up the glasses on Friday. （ C） The man may pick up the glasses on Wednesday. （ D） Th
38、e mans glasses have been fixed within a week. （ A） Lisa might be able to help. （ B） Lisa is always on the Internet. （ C） Sandy is busy with her engagement. （ D） Sandy is working on her lab reports. （ A） He exaggerated his part. （ B） He was not dramatic enough. （ C） He played his part quite well. （ D
39、） He performed better than the secretary. （ A） An open door. （ B） An open discussion. （ C） A private room. （ D） A closed door. （ A） Impolite but common. （ B） Annoying but common. （ C） Annoying and dislikable. （ D） Common and acceptable. （ A） At the gym. （ B） In the park. （ C） On the street. （ D） At
40、a restaurant. （ A） Keeping the body straight. （ B） Keeping the feet to the floor. （ C） Bending the body at the waist. （ D） Bending the elbows as low as possible. （ A） Frank. （ B） Modest. （ C） Indirect. （ D） Confident. （ A） Money is important. （ B） Responsibility means more than salary. （ C） High sal
41、ary secures better performance. （ D） Future income is more important than starting salary. （ A） Can do spirit. （ B） Motivation and teamwork. （ C） Honesty and responsibility. （ D） Hard-working and cooperation. （ A） Tolerance. （ B） Civilization. （ C） Clearer wording. （ D） Communication. Section B Dire
42、ctions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） To show that too
43、 many words are of no use. （ B） To show that the English prefer to make long speeches. （ C） To show that even talk and silence can be culturally different. （ D） To show that people from Thailand are quiet and shy by nature. （ A） By accepting different habits. （ B） By recognizing different values. （
44、C） By sharing different ways of life. （ D） By speaking each others languages. （ A） Cross-cultural Differences （ B） Multicultural Environment （ C） How to Understand Each Other （ D） How to Build Up a Relationship （ A） He can work wonders on computer. （ B） He is the best technician in the world. （ C） H
45、e has done a hard job in three months. （ D） He has united InteliData with another company. （ A） His blindness. （ B） His long, thin fingers. （ C） His attention on the synthesizer. （ D） His ability not to be interrupted. （ A） Computer technicians are more likely to be gifted. （ B） Ones disadvantages m
46、ay prove to be advantages. （ C） The disabled can also play an important role in society. （ D） Top computer scientists have unusual abilities to form ideas of computers. （ A） Simple names of hurricanes always have simple meanings. （ B） To give a hurricane a name requires a long and difficult process.
47、 （ C） Naming a hurricane is not so easy as the name itself seems. （ D） Hurricanes have simple names for people to memorize them. （ A） The name of the person who measures the hurricane. （ B） The day when the hurricane occurs. （ C） The city the hurricane strikes. （ D） The position where the hurricane
48、happens. （ A） Wow Meters Online. （ B） Water Management Ocean. （ C） World Meteorological Organization. （ D） Washington Mutual Office. （ A） People will build a monument with its name carved. （ B） People will discuss whether to use its name again. （ C） Early warning system will be set up in the stricke
49、n area. （ D） Annual ceremony will be held to memorize the victims. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use th
