1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 566及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Working at Home. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1目前许多人在家工作 2居家工作的利与弊 3我的看 法 Working at Home 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension
2、(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement
3、 contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 How to Solve Three Puzzles New knowledge and sophisticated diagnostic techniques are helping doctors recognize early signs of autism (孤独症 ), Alzheimers disease (痴呆症 ) and heart pro
4、blems in women. Harvard experts report on the advances that are giving patients hope. Detecting Autism Early diagnosis of autism is critical because educational programs that build upon a childs strengths and improve social skills may help sculpt the developing brain, minimizing the impact of the il
5、lness later in life. But spotting the disorder is hard since there is no test for it, although scientists are slowly uncovering gene abnormalities that make children vulnerable to autism. Last week The New England Journal of Medicine reported that a specific location on chromosome (染色体 ) 16 was the
6、site of mutations responsible for some cases of autism. For now, diagnosis depends on observing a childs behavior. Its a complex process, since no two cases are alike and signs range from mild to severe. Indeed, even though signs of autism may be apparent before their first birthday, most children a
7、rent diagnosed until the age of 3. That makes parents, who are so intimately familiar with their childs behavior, perhaps the most effective diagnostic “tools.“ The American Academy of Pediatrics recently issued screening guidelines recommending that pediatricians engage parents in evaluating infant
8、s for autism. Even babies developing typically, the guidelines say, should be screened at set intervals, such as during the 9-, 18- and 24-month visits. Healthy infants as young as 6 or 8 months do communicate and respond nonverbally to social cues. Most look up or turn at the sound of their names.
9、By 12 months they typically babble and point at objects. By 16 months they say single words; by 24 months, two-word phrases. In contrast, children with autism seldom make meaningful eye contact or respond to familiar voices. They may never speak. Their play is often repetitive and characterized by l
10、imited imagination (neatly arranging crayons instead of coloring with them). Others may simply flap their hands in excitement or disappointment. On their own, none of these signs means that a child has autism or another developmental disorder. Nevertheless, if your child has any of these signs, he o
11、r she merits evaluation. Although no treatments are curative, they can help children learn the skills they need to cope in a normal environment, achieve greater independence and have brighter futures. The Alzheimers Mystery Alzheimers disease, which begins years, even decades, before it causes sympt
12、oms, is a quietly ticking time bomb. But until recently doctors had no diagnostic test that could “hear“ the ticking. Unfortunately, it didnt matter much that Alzheimers couldnt be spotted early at a stage called mild cognitive impairment, or MCI since there were no treatments. Today, however, there
13、 are new diagnostic tests that can detect Alzheimers at an early stage, and several disease-modifying drugs are in advanced clinical trials. The brain shrinkage caused by Alzheimers can now be measured with volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This technique takes a series of MRI brain scans
14、 and then uses sophisticated mathematical models to analyze the results. Most important, volumetric MRI enables researchers to identify subtle shrinkage in brain areas first affected by Alzheimers, such as the hippocampus, which is involved in memory. Another technology in limited clinical use is fl
15、uoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). Images produced by FDG-PET reveal patterns of glucose metabolism (葡萄糖新陈代谢 ) in the cerebral cortex, the site of abstract thought, reasoning and learning. Because active neurons guzzle glucose for energy, diminished uptake in a specific patte
16、rn can denote Alzheimers. In the research setting, scientists have even used FDG-PET to identify people who do not yet have Alzheimers but are at risk for developing it, or for developing mild cognitive impairment. A different kind of PET-scan technology builds on recent discoveries about amyloid pl
17、aques and tau tangles, the neuron-killing proteins that accumulate in the brains of Alzheimers patients. Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have developed Pittsburgh Compound-B, or PIB. When injected into the blood, this compound binds to amyloid plaques in the brain, allowing them to be de
18、tected on PET scans. PET scans with PIB clearly distinguish people with Alzheimers from healthy people. They may also help identify people with the progressive form of MCI. Taking a different approach, other researchers are identifying early changes in the levels of particular brain proteins in cere
19、brospinal fluid. (The clear spinal fluid constantly bathes the brain and spinal cord.) Spinal-fluid levels of the protein tau are typically elevated in Alzheimers, and an altered version of the tau protein, known as phosphorylated tau, can be detected early in Alzheimers. Lowered spinal-fluid concen
20、trations of an altered version of beta-amyloid, called A-42, are typical in Alzheimers and can also help identify people with mild cognitive impairment who are most likely to progress to Alzheimers. Although all these new imaging and biochemical developments are individually promising, the combinati
21、on of several different imaging tests and biochemical markers may yield the most accurate diagnosis. For example, scientists at the New York University School of Medicine have reported that combining volumetric MRI of the hippocampus with spinal-fluid measures of phosphorylated tau and isoprostane a
22、 marker of oxidative stress improved diagnostic accuracy in identifying people with mild cognitive impairment who are most likely to progress to Alzheimers. Heart Disease in Women When it comes to diagnosing the most common kind of heart disease, some cardiologists share Henry Higginss lament in My
23、Fair Lady: “Why cant a woman be more like a man?“ Thats because many women dont have the typical symptoms, like crushing chest pain and shortness of breath brought on by physical activity or stress. Instead, they have diffuse discomfort in the chest, unusual exhaustion or depression without an appar
24、ent reason. To make matters worse, the tests considered best at diagnosing coronary-artery disease generally dont work as well for women as they do for men. As a result, an alarming number of women with heart disease go undiagnosed and untreated despite repeated visits to the doctor and the emergenc
25、y room. Blood flows to heart muscle first through large arteries (the coronary arteries) and then through a branching network of smaller blood vessels. The symptoms of heart disease, in men or women, often result from cholesterol-filled plaques that can slow and completely block the flow of blood to
26、 the heart muscle. This type of heart disease, which has been recognized for a century, can be seen with tests such as coronary angiograms (or arteriograms) and, less well, with noninvasive tests such as special CT and MRI scans. In just the past decade, researchers have learned that many women with
27、 chest pain and other symptoms of heart disease have a condition called coronary micro-vascular disease, which affects the hearts smallest arteries. This fundamentally different form of heart disease is as common and as costly as all female-specific cancers combined, affecting as many as 3 million A
28、merican women. Many doctors have not yet heard about coronary micro-vascular disease. Currently, the most definitive test involves measuring coronary-artery flow reserve or coronary reactivity. It involves threading an ultra thin wire with blood-flow sensors at the tip deep into a coronary artery. B
29、lood flow in the artery is then measured before and after injections of one or more medications that should cause the micro-vessels to dilate. An alternative, noninvasive way of detecting microvascular disease is with cardiac MRI. This scan measures the amount of blood flowing into the heart muscle
30、before and after the heart is infused with a drug that dilates the micro-vessels. As with the coronary-reactivity test, if blood flow does not increase, there is disease of the micro-vessels. If you are a woman with recurrent chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, uhexplainable exhaustion an
31、d depression, you may need special evaluation even if you have clear arteries on an angiogram. If your doctor says theres nothing wrong, ask for a second opinion at one of a growing number of womens cardiovascular-care centers. You may have coronary micro-vascular disease. 2 The reason why it is har
32、d to diagnose the autism is that_. （ A） scientists make no progress in uncovering the genetic factors （ B） diagnosis of the same autism cases is different （ C） by now there still exists no test for diagnosis （ D） none of the signs of autism is obvious enough to be diagnosed 3 How old are those babie
33、s without autism when they start to say single words? （ A） By 6 or 8 months. （ B） By 12 months. （ C） By 16 months. （ D） By 24 months. 4 The brain shrinkage caused by Alzheimers can now be measured with_. （ A） MRI （ B） brain scans （ C） mathematical models to analyze the results （ D） the hippocampus 5
34、 Images generated by FDG-PET can reveal_. （ A） the number of glucose metabolism （ B） the size of glucose metabolism （ C） the distribution of glucose metabolism （ D） the pattern of glucose metabolism 6 The report of the New York University School of Medicine has proved that the most efficient technol
35、ogy for diagnosing Alzheimer is_. （ A） the combination of different technologies （ B） FDG-PET technology （ C） PIB technology （ D） MRI technology 7 According to the passage, heart problems nowadays are medical difficulties, especially when they occur in . （ A） men （ B） women （ C） the young （ D） the o
36、ld 8 An alarming number of women with heart disease go undiagnosed and untreated because_. （ A） there is no scientific test for heart problems （ B） many women dont have the typical symptoms like men for diagnosis （ C） many women are unwillingto make their heart problems known （ D） many women dont vi
37、sit the doctor even if they have some heart problems 9 The symptoms of heart disease, in men or women, are often caused by_ 10 Besides threading an ultra thin wire with blood-flow sensors, another noninvasive way of detecting micro-vascular disease is to use_. 11 A woman needs special evaluation if
38、she has some symptoms, such as recurrent chest pain and unexplainable_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questio
39、ns will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） The man was never present in financial class. （ B） The man missed the class for oversleeping. （ C） The presentation
40、 would be very challenging. （ D） The teacher was a little angry with the man. （ A） His wife does well in doing cooking. （ B） His wife likes to use microwave oven to cook. （ C） His wife thinks food in the dining-hall is horrible. （ D） His wife seems to like the fresh food in the dining-hall. （ A） He
41、gives himself more pressure than he can endure. （ B） Peer pressure intertwines with self-induced pressure. （ C） He feels quite depressed because of too much pressure. （ D） His classmates are very strong-minded students. （ A） Its an unwise decision. （ B） Individual projects are much better. （ C） The
42、decision will definitely be rejected. （ D） Many people try to lose weight nowadays. （ A） Ask her boss to raise her pay. （ B） Look for a more suitable job. （ C） Try to switch hours with someone else. （ D） Do the extra work without complaining. （ A） Their neighbor Mr. Churchill will help them paint th
43、e house. （ B） Their house is still new and neednt any paint work. （ C） They will ask about the fee before having their house painted. （ D） They have to paint their house on their own for lack of money. （ A） He might visit the woman in the hospital. （ B） He will refuse to accept the womans paper. （ C
44、） He may deny the womans request to hospital. （ D） He will give the woman more time to write her paper. （ A） The company does not have the mans resume. （ B） The mans interview might be successful. （ C） The company has decided to hire the man. （ D） The man was astonished to hear the news. （ A） She ca
45、nt find a new place to live. （ B） The landlord wants her to move out after only 2 months. （ C） She thinks she will lose her deposit money. （ D） The contract states she must stay for 6 months so she cant move. （ A） Less than 6 months. （ B） 2 months. （ C） 6 months or more. （ D） 1 month. （ A） Go to see
46、 the landlord. （ B） Go to court. （ C） Move out. （ D） Get part of the deposit back. （ A） Joining the tennis club in school. （ B） Asking his mother about Adidas shoes. （ C） Discussing with his mother about buying Adidas shoes. （ D） Buying a pair of Adidas tennis shoes. （ A） They may be comfortable but
47、 are too expensive. （ B） They dont live up to their fame. （ C） They dont help sports players at all. （ D） They are good for track and field sports but not for ball games. （ A） She doesnt think he will play sports for long. （ B） She doesnt think the shoes will help him in the game. （ C） She doesnt th
48、ink he will run. （ D） She thinks Adidas will cost her quite a lot of money. （ A） He wants his mothers opinion about Adidas shoes. （ B） He is easily fooled by ads. （ C） He didnt play much sport before. （ D） He makes good use of an ad to convince her mother. Section B Directions: In this section, you
49、will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） They sleep in one long block. （ B） They take one or two naps daily. （ C） They sleep in three distinct parts. （ D） They have many five-minute naps. （ A） Its habits. （ B） Its genes. （ C） Its mental states. （ D） It
