1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 674及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic High Salaries or Career Development? You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 有的大学毕业生择业时盲目追求高工资，有的则认为提供学习机会及事业上的发展才是更重要的
2、2. 持有这两种观点的原因 3. 你的观点 High Salaries or Career Development? 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if
3、 the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 2 The East India Company The concept of corporations was first established under ancient R
4、oman law. But it wasnt until England emerged from the Middle Ages that it created what we recognize as the modern corporate structure. It all began on Dec. 31,1600, when Queen Elizabeth I granted a charter to the British East India Corporation, naming the corporation“ The Governor and Company of Mer
5、chants of London, trading with the East Indies“. The corporation conducted business in the East Indies (land that we now consider India and the Middle East) at the order of the queen. The East India Company established a few major precedents for modern corporations. But it also shaped the world in c
6、ountless other ways. With both the financial and military support of the Crown, the EIC served as an instrument of imperialism (帝国主义 ) for England. The company had its own private army and raised soldiers in the areas it conquered. Its expansionism spurred several wars that produced at least two sov
7、ereign nations. Among its many claims to fame (and notoriety), the EIC indirectly built Yale University, helped create two nations and was the worlds 1orgest drug-dealing operation in the 18th century. The company was ruthless (无情的 )in its quest for profits. Parliament even called the EIC tyrannical
8、(残暴的 ). However, without the EIC, England may have never developed into the nation it is today. The Creation of the East India Company When the British East India Company (EIC) was formed in 1600, there were already other East India Companies operating on behalf of France, the Netherlands, Spain and
9、 Portugal. Thanks to the naval route that explorer Vasco da Gama discovered, riches from the Orient were pouring into Europe. With other nations importing fortunes in goods and plunder, Queen Elizabeth decided England should get some, too. So she granted the charter for the East India Company. The c
10、harter she issued created the first official joint-stock corporation. A joint-stock corporation is composed of investors who are granted shares in a company. In return for their initial Investments, shareholders are given dividends, or percentages, of the companys profits based on the number of shar
11、es the investor holds. Shares and dividends were not new Concepts in. England. Twenty years prior to the EIC s charter, Queen Elizabeth was already a major stakeholder In Sir Francis Drakes ship, the Golden Hind. Although its not certain how much she made from Drakes voyages to the New World, the ca
12、ptain himself made a 5 000 percent return on his initial investment. So a joint-stock corporation like the one Queen Elizabeth formed in the East India Company wasnt much of a financial leap. But it was the first of its kind, and following the establishment of the EIC,its Dutch, French and other com
13、petitors followed suit. But granting charter to the EIC wasnt the only part of the prototype for modern corporations that Queen Elizabeth devised. Under the support of her royal authority, Elizabeth also limited the liability of the EIC s investors-including hers. This made the company the worlds fi
14、rst limited liability corporation (abbreviated as LLC in the United States and Ltd. in the United Kingdom). Under an LLC, the investors in a corporation are granted protection from losing any more money than their initial investments in the venture. If the company goes under, the investors only lose
15、 the amount of money they put into the LLC. The companys outstanding debts arent divided up among its investors. Although it took several decades for the East India Company to become truly profitable, once it did, the company rose to global domination-both in business and in government. In a symbiot
16、ic way, as the company grew in power, so, too, did England. So its no surprise that during its existence, the company was directly involved in major geopolitical changes: The EIC literally changed the course of history. Two nations, India and the United States, revolted against East India Company ru
17、le, which led to the establishment of their current political structures. The East India Company and the United States American and British schoolchildren are taught about the notorious Tea Act of 1773, which led to the rebellious Boston Tea Party. But exactly why the Boston colonists threw thousand
18、s of pounds of tea into Boston Harbor may be less clear. Its actually due to a secret agreement between the government and the East India Company. The Tea Act was designed by Parliament specifically to help the EIC unload the millions of pounds of unsold tea in its English warehouses. The Americas w
19、ere the designated recipients of the surplus tea. The Tea Act withdrew any taxes levied on the EIC for the tea it stored and sold-but it maintained the tax on all other tea sold in the colonies. This was equal to outlawing (宣布为不合法 ) tea from any source other than the EIC, including small, colonial t
20、ea outfits. It would be like the United States government forcing all of todays Americans to purchase Apple computers only. Ultimately, the Tea Act allowed the EIC to drive its competition out of business. Colonists deemed this an unfair practice-government was supporting one businesss interests at
21、the expense of the liberty-and it gave rise to the famous slogan“ no taxation without representation“. Rather than agree to this corporate/government secret agreement, about 150 colonists dumped the EIC s new shipment of tea into Boston Harbor. The English government showed its allegiance to the Eas
22、t India Company when Parliament demanded that colonists reimburse(偿还 ) the company for the nearly $ i million (in 21st-century dollars) worth of tea. To enforce this demand, the British Navy was called in to blockade the harbor. The tension created by this situation directly led the colonists into t
23、he Revolutionary War. The East India Company and India Perhaps it was being stationed halfway across the world from the East India Companys home offices in London. Or maybe it was the potential for wealth afforded by Indias riches. Either way, Elihu Yale (the benefactor for whom Yale University is n
24、amed) was tempted into .building his own smuggling operation. His dismissal from his post as the EIC governor of Madras was a light sentence compared to the fates of others who ran afoul of the company. Perhaps Yale got away with his life because of the work hed done on behalf of the EIC. Thanks to
25、factories (colonies or settlements) nm by men tike Yale ,the East India Company was able to subjugate India and its tribal rulers. The company built forts in India to house its private army. The EIC also raised soldiers from within the native populations. With the establishment of martial rule (the
26、government set up in a land occupied by military) profits could be garnered easily. Perhaps the most profitable export for the companys India operations was opium (鸦片 ). By 1750, the EIC had established control over Indias most productive sites of opium cultivation. By 1793, Britain had a monopoly o
27、n opium, and no Indian grower was allowed to sell his crops to any other company, The British colonialism carried out through the EIC was pretty brutal. It included the forceful seizure of land and deposing of rulers. Tribute, taxes and loyally were extracted from average citizens through methods. u
28、p to and including torture. Ultimately, the British presence proved to be unacceptable for some Indians. A number of sepoys (native Indians who joined the EICs militia) revolted against the EICs rule during the. Sepoy Rebellion of 1857. Some historians consider this Indias first war for independence
29、, even though it was queued by the British army. Afterward, Great Britain officially occupied the country. India would remain an English colony until 1947, when it became a constitutional republic. The eventual creation of modern-day India and the United States are but two major world events that ha
30、ve the East India Companys fingerprints. It would be nearly impossible to trace the entire legacy-both positive and negative impacts-that the East India Company had on the world. With direct involvement in so many different aspects of our world, perhaps the question isnt “how did the East India Comp
31、any change the world“, but “how didnt it?“ 2 The establishment of the modern corporate structure started _. （ A） from early seventeenth century （ B） from the Middle Ages （ C） under ancient Roman law （ D） from the ending of the industrial revolution 3 What did the East India Company get from British
32、sovereign at its expansion? （ A） The qualification of establishing its branches. （ B） The permission to build Yale University. （ C） Financial as well as military support. （ D） The private army to protect its employees. 4 Why did Queen Elizabeth want to establish the EIC ? （ A） Because she wanted to
33、learn the corporation style of France. （ B） Because she wanted to follow Vasco da Gamas route. （ C） Because she needed fortunes to conquer other European countries. （ D） Because she wanted to share fortunes with other European countries. 5 A joint-stock corporation allows people to _. （ A） divide th
34、e corporations property （ B） hold shares of the corporation （ C） return their percentage back to the corporation （ D） divide their initial investments to a corporation 6 A limited liability corporation protects investors in that _. （ A） they lose only the first sum of money put in the corporation （
35、B） they only divide equally the corporation debts （ C） they neednt pay tax to the government （ D） they can put more investment into the corporation 7 What advantages did EIC get from the Tea Act? （ A） EIC didnt have to pay taxes for the tea it had. （ B） Only EIC could sell tea to the American coloni
36、es. （ C） EIC finally won the trust of the British government. （ D） EIC got a huge amount of tea from the American colonies. 8 How did people in colonies respond to the Tea Act? （ A） They showed their loyalty to the British government. （ B） They were dedicated to the Revolutionary War. （ C） They paid
37、 nearly $1 million to the EIC. （ D） They threw a huge amount of tea into Boston Harbor. 9 Yale University is named after Elihu Yale, who once worked for EIC as _. 10 Since Britain got the exclusive control on opium, Indian growers must sell their crops to _. 11 It was not until 1947 that India becam
38、e _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pa
39、use. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） He likes everything about it. （ B） He will definitely buy it. （ C） He likes the location of it. （ D） He is not very satisfied with it. （ A） The woman will miss her sister. （ B） The m
40、an is going to get married. （ C） The mans sister is going to get married. （ D） The woman has separated with the man. （ A） Have an exam. （ B） Double-check the answers. （ C） Correct the test score immediately. （ D） Mark the wrong answer. （ A） Go to an appointment with Anna. （ B） Go on with his paper u
41、ntil it is finished. （ C） Have supper with the woman and her friends. （ D） Go to the movies with the woman and her friends. （ A） He will be in Paris on Thursday. （ B） He will have a full schedule this week. （ C） He will attend a meeting on Thursday. （ D） He will probably meet the man this week. （ A）
42、 At a dentist office. （ B） In a school. （ C） In an ambulance. （ D） At a hospital. （ A） Doctors in hospital. （ B） Nurses in hospital. （ C） Patients in hospital. （ D） Hospital administrators. （ A） Because they dont get much practice with them. （ B） Because they often use them in their work. （ C） Becau
43、se they have to pass a test. （ D） Because they plan to become doctors. （ A） Junior Sales Manager Wanted. （ B） Personnel Manager Wanted. （ C） Secretary Wanted. （ D） Managing Director Wanted. （ A） Someone who is just out of university with exaggerated ideas of his own importance. （ B） Someone who look
44、s at the clock all the time. （ C） Someone who is single and has plenty of ambition. （ D） Someone who talks like a gutter. （ A） The candidate would be given a big salary to start with. （ B） The candidates increases in salary would be dependent on his effectiveness. （ C） The candidate would get a bonu
45、s though he has no overtime pay initially. （ D） The candidate expects high salary though he would not have the ability. （ A） Husband and wife. （ B） Personnel Manager and secretary. （ C） Sales Manager and Manager-general. （ D） They can be interesting only to small groups of people. Section B Directio
46、ns: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） It led to many other
47、 inventions. （ B） Man had no use for it then. （ C） There were no wheels in nature. （ D） All of the above. （ A） A round piece of stone. （ B） A heavy log. （ C） Two slices of log connected at their centers by a strong stick. （ D） A piece of metal. （ A） From chasing an animal. （ B） From rolling a body o
48、f a heavy animal on logs. （ C） From watching a rolling stone. （ D） From watching running animals. （ A） The stem of the nettle. （ B） Small stinging hairs on the nettles stem. （ C） The sap of the nettle. （ D） The slender nettle. （ A） Food. （ B） Making twine. （ C） Medicine. （ D） Paving paths. （ A） The
49、nettle is widely used in the twine industry today. （ B） The nettles stinging hairs are a protective device. （ C） American Indians found many uses for the nettle. （ D） The slender nettle is found over a wide area of China. （ A） The colonists preferred corn bread. （ B） Corn was more abundant. （ C） The colonists did not know how to make wheat bread. （ D） Corn bread did not spoil as rapidly as wheat bread did. （ A） It was easy to ship from England. （ B） Horses occasionally ate it if t
