1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 698及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How to Have a Meaningful Graduation? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1现在毕业形式多种多样 2一 些不恰当的毕业形式开始风靡校园 3如何有意义地毕业 How to Have a Meaningful
2、 Graduation? 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information giv
3、en in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Some Notes on Gender-Neutral Language General The practice of assigning masculine gender to neutral terms comes from the fact that eve
4、ry language reflects the prejudices of the society in which it evolved, and English evolved through most of its history in a male-centered, patriarchal society. Like any other language, however, English is always changing. One only has to read aloud sentences from the 19th century hooks assigned for
5、 this class to sense the shifts that have occurred in the last 150 years. When readers pick up something to read, they expect different conventions depending on the time in which the material was written. As writers in 1995, we need to be not only aware of the conventions that our readers may expect
6、, but also conscious of the responses our words may elicit. In addition, we need to know how the shifting nature of language can make certain words awkward or misleading. “Man“ Man once was a truly generic word referring to all humans, but has gradually narrowed in meaning to become a word that refe
7、rs to adult male human beings. Anglo-Saxons used the word to refer to all people. One example of this occurs when an Anglo-Saxon writer refers to a seventh-century English princess as “a wonderful man“. Man paralleled the Latin word homo, “a member of the human species.“ not vir, “an adult male of t
8、he species.“ The Old English word for adult male was waepman and the old English word for adult woman was wifman. In the course of time, wifman evolved into the word “woman.“ “Man“ eventually ceased to be used to refer to individual women and replaced waepman as a specific term distinguishing an adu
9、lt male from an adult female. But man continued to be used in generalizations about both sexes. By the 18th century, the modern, narrow sense of man was firmly established as the predominant one. When Edmund Burke, writing of the French Revolution, used men in the old, inclusive way, he took pains t
10、o spell out his meaning: “Such a deplorable havoc is made in the minds of men (both sexes) in France.“ Thomas Jefferson did not make the same distinction in declaring that “all men are created equal“ and “governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the govern
11、ed.“ In a time when women, having no vote, could neither give nor withhold consent, Jefferson had to be using the word men in its principal sense of “males,“ and it probably never occurred to him that anyone would think otherwise. Looking at modern dictionaries indicate that the definition that link
12、s “man with males is the predominant one. Studies of college students and school children indicate that even when the broad definitions of “msn“ and “men“ are taught, they tend to conjure up images of male people only. We would never use the sentence “A girl grows up to be a man,“ because we assume
13、the narrower definition of the word man. The Pronoun Problem The first grammars of modern English were written in the 16th and 17th centuries. They were mainly intended to help boys from upper class families prepare for the study of Latin, a language most scholars considered superior to English. The
14、 male authors of these earliest English grammars wrote for male readers in an age when few women were literate. The masculine-gender pronouns(代词 ) did not reflect a belief that masculine pronouns could refer to both sexes. The grammars of this period contain no indication that masculine pronouns wer
15、e sex-inclusive when used in general references. Instead these pronouns reflected the reality of male cultural dominance and the male-centered world view that resulted. “He“ started to be used as a generic pronoun by grammarians who were trying to change a long-established tradition of using “they“
16、as a singular pronoun. In 1850 an Act of Parliament gave official sanction(批准 )to the recently invented concept of the “generic“ he. In the language used in acts of Parliament, the new law said, “words importing the masculine gender shall be deemed and taken to include females.“ Although similar lan
17、guage in contracts and other legal documents subsequently helped reinforce this grammatical edict in all English-speaking countries, it was often conveniently ignored. In 1879, for example, a move to admit female physicians to the all-male Massachusetts Medical Society was effectively blocked on the
18、 grounds that the societys by-laws describing membership used the pronoun he. Just as “man“ is not truly generic in the 1990s, “he“ is not a true generic pronoun. Studies have confirmed that most people understand “he“ to refer to men only. Sentences like “A doctor is a busy person; he must be able
19、to balance a million obligations at once“ imply that all doctors are men. As a result of the fact that “he“ is read by many as a masculine pronoun, many people, especially women, have come to feel that the generic pronouns excludes women. This means that more and more people find the use of such a p
20、ronoun problematic. Solving the Pronoun Problem They as a Singular -Most people, when writing and speaking informally, rely on singular they as a matter of course: “If you love someone, set them free“ (Sting). If you pay attention to your own speech, youll probably catch yourself using the same cons
21、truction yourself. “Its enough to drive anyone out of their senses“ (George Bernard Shaw). “I shouldnt like to punish anyone, even ii theyd done me wrong“ (George Eliot). Some people are annoyed by the incorrect grammar that this solution necessitates, but this construction is used more and more fre
22、quently. He or She-Despite the charge of clumsiness, double-pronoun constructions have made a comeback: “To be black in this country is simply too pervasive an experience for any writer to omit from her or his work,“ wrote Samuel R. Delany. Overuse of this solution can be awkward, however. Pluralizi
23、ng-A writer can often recast material in the plural. For instance, instead of “As he advances in his program, the medical student has increasing opportunities for clinical work,“ try “As they advance in their program, medical students have increasing opportunities for clinical work“ Eliminating Pron
24、ouns-Avoid having to use pronouns at all; instead of “a first grader can feed and dress himself,“ you could write, “a first grader can eat find get dressed without assistance.“ Further Alternatives-he she or s/he, using one instead of he, or using a new generic pronoun (thon, co, E, try, hash, hit).
25、 2 “Man“ could be used to refer to female human being in the past. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 In “all men are created equal“ in Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson, the word “men“ refer to both males and females whether they have vote right or not. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 In 1879, Massachus
26、etts Medical Society refused to admit more than ten female physicians because the societys by-laws describing membership used the pronoun he. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 The first grammars of modern English were written in order to help boys from the upper class prepare for the study of Latin. （ A） Y （
27、B） N （ C） NG 6 “Man“ paralleled the Latin word “homo“ which means _. 7 Studies show that even when students are taught the broad definition of “man“ and “men“, they think of _. 8 Grammarians started to use “he“ as a generic pronoun because they were trying to change a tradition of using “they“ as _.
28、 9 When most people read the word “he“, they would understand it to rater to _. 10 Although some people are annoyed by _ of singular they, this construction is used more and more frequently to solve the pronoun problem. 11 Another way of solving the pronoun problem is to use _ instead of the singula
29、r. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a paus
30、e. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Marys English teacher is Mark. （ B） Marys Chinese teacher is Mark. （ C） Mary and Mark are good friends. （ D） Mary and Mark are office colleagues. （ A） She feels that the man must go th
31、ere by himself. （ B） She is complaining about the noise inside. （ C） She is disappointed that the McDonalds is always too oily. （ D） She feels that she cant stand the circumstance inside. （ A） She thinks the price is too high. （ B） She thinks the price is quite normal. （ C） She thinks the price coul
32、d be cheaper. （ D） She thinks the price is really low. （ A） Its a difficult job to teach a class of 100 students. （ B） The man gets a very bad cold. （ C） The woman has to teach 100 students. （ D） The man is the principal of the school, （ A） Tell the woman something about the car. （ B） Look for his w
33、ife. （ C） Show the woman his wifes car. （ D） Ask his wife to answer the phone. （ A） The woman will reserve a restaurant for the dinner. （ B） Mary King will decide where they have their dinner. （ C） The man will decide where to have dinner with Mary King. （ D） The woman suggests that the man should a
34、sk Mary King first. （ A） They dont enjoy swimming. （ B） They wont go swimming in the lake today. （ C） They dont know how to swim. （ D） Theyll swim in the lake tomorrow. （ A） He arrived at the theater late. （ B） He left his watch in the theater. （ C） The production seems much shorter than it actually
35、 was. （ D） He did not enjoy the production. （ A） Where they should move. （ B） How to negotiate with the landlord. （ C） How to fight the increase. （ D） Whether to accept an increase in rent or move. （ A） Stay and negotiate or move. （ B） Move closer to the University or near the subway. （ C） Fight for
36、 a small increases or accepts an increase offer. （ D） There is no choice. （ A） It is close to the school. （ B） It is cheap. （ C） It has convenient facilities. （ D） The tenant agreement is good. （ A） Common causes of anger. （ B） Judging peoples behavior. （ C） Changing peoples attitudes. （ D） The effe
37、cts of negative behavior. （ A） When theyre unable to control the persons behavior. （ B） When the causes of the behavior are obvious. （ C） When the consequences of the behavior are unpleasant. （ D） When the behavior is expected. （ A） Its not always clear why people behave in certain ways. （ B） People
38、 usually blame others for their mistakes. （ C） Certain conditions cause drivers to behave strangely. （ D） The reason for some behavior is Obvious. （ A） They usually accept responsibility. （ B） They blame factors beyond their control. （ C） They complain about their personal problems. （ D） They compar
39、e their behavior to the behavior of others. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from th
40、e four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） A chocolate chipmaker. （ B） A big real estate agent. （ C） A cookie factory. （ D） A talent agency. （ A） He couldnt sell the cookies. （ B） He was a bad manager. （ C） He was not a good salesman. （ D） He was sued for libel. （ A） Because he was sued. （ B） Because
41、 he gave up his trademark rights. （ C） Because he sold the company to the Shanby Group. （ D） Because he had no money to register. （ A） They encourage more homeless people. （ B） They are a safety hazard. （ C） They take up parking spaces. （ D） They destroy the neighborhoods. （ A） Over a million abando
42、ned cars are towed from the streets each year. （ B） One third of the nations cars are abandoned in the streets. （ C） About two thirds of the abandoned cars arent removed. （ D） Cities spent little to control the accumulation of abandoned cars. （ A） By spending tax money to clean abandoned cars off th
43、e street. （ B） By towing them with the money from the recycling of metal in the cars. （ C） By making it lawless to abandon old cars. （ D） By spending most of its money on abandoned cars. （ A） It finds some imported goods cause environmental damage. （ B） UK wastes a lot of money importing food produc
44、ts. （ C） It thinks people waste energy buying food from other countries. （ D） Growing certain vegetables causes environmental damage. （ A） The distance that a food product travels to a market from its source area. （ B） The distance between UK and other food producing countries. （ C） The distance tha
45、t a food product travels from one market to another. （ D） The distance between a Third World country and a First World food market. （ A） Ghanaian tomatoes taste better than British ones. （ B） British tomatoes are healthier than Ghanaian ones. （ C） Protecting the environment may cost a lot of money.
46、（ D） Cutting down food miles may not necessarily save fuel. （ A） A supporter of free global trade. （ B） A member of the Food Commission. （ C） A supporter of First World food markets. （ D） A member of an energy development group. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three ti
47、mes. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required
48、 to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 Britains red phone boxes have become out of date in the age of the mobile. Eight years ago there were about 17,000 across Britain,but today,in a country where almost eve
49、rybody has a mobile phone, 58 percent are no longer 【 B1】 _and 10 percent are only used once a month. In spite of this, villages across the country are stepping in to save them. Whether as a place to 【 B2】 _art, poetry, or even as a tiny 【 B3】 _, hundreds of telephone boxes have been given a new 【 B4】 _of life by local communities determined to 【 B5】 _a typical part of British life. In Waterperry,a small village near Oxford,the 120 【 B6】 _have filled the phon
