1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 711及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled My View on Postgraduate Craze. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below: 1. 目前考古正形 成热潮 2. 分析这股热潮产生的原因 3. 你的看法 My View on Postgradua
2、te Craze 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given i
3、n the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Give Up Six Words and Change Your Life Alfred Korzybski, the father of general semantics, observed that how we talk affects how we handle
4、problems and how we behave. He found that scientists, trained to be specific, handled both personal and laboratory problems better than non-scientists. Non-scientists, then as now, used words loaded with feeling and prejudgment and got into trouble. Changing the way we use certain everyday words can
5、 actually shift the way we see the world and other people, helps change the emotion-laden attitudes behind the words, and makes us less likely to make inappropriate demands on ourselves and others. There is also a change in the effect on others. Teachers, told that certain students have hidden talen
6、ts, will help them develop, even if the students were selected blindly by researchers. People act as they think they have been defined, and like it or not, our words play a large part in expressing that definition. In our work, we have found six words that are often used in damaging ways: try, alway
7、s, is, cant, should and everybody. These words are really “families“ of words. Always can be expanded to never, every time. Should is also ought to, must, have to. We use nobody, no one, all, the way we use everybody. Each of these words is linked to the concept of time. “Everybody does it“ implies
8、every person always does it. Should reflects a standard adopted in the past, governing how we must always behave. Is implies a permanent characteristic of something or someone, as “she is impossible to deal with.“ Alfred Korzybski called humans “time binders“. Facts, opinions and behaviors are learn
9、ed, repeated and passed on, even though they may not necessarily have been true in the first place. Both Korzybski and S. I. Hayakawa, who is a respected semanticist, caution us against using such “allness“ terms. Yet we do use them, as though by doing so we could somehow manage the present and futu
10、re. “With words,“ says Hayakawa in Language in Thought and Action, “we influence and to an enormous extent control.“ “Ill meet you at three Thursday“ is an attempt to make another person-and ourselves -be at a certain place at a certain time. Hayakawa writes, “The future is a specifically human dime
11、nsion. To a dog, hamburger tomorrow is meaningless. With words we humans impose a certain predictability upon future events.“ Similarly, we attempt to control peoples actions and even characteristics with cant, should, everybody and related words. We try thus to create “reliable“ data, however unrel
12、ated it is to the facts. According to Freud, to some mental patients certain words become magical, symbols of whole trains of thought condensed. Seriously ill neurotics maintain some of that magic: “Everybodys against me“ or “I have to do this.“ And nearly all of us have the same bad habit to a less
13、 intense degree. When and where do we begin this pattern of restrictive words and beliefs? According to the late speech expert Wendell Johnson, as adults we are still “using information, attitudes, beliefs, procedures, practices . adapted to an earlier time.“ Our beliefs, and the words we use to sup
14、port them and to protect ourselves from change, come from early in our lives. Willis Harman, Ph. D., a futurist at SRI (formerly Stanford Research Institute), maintains that we are all in a way hypnotized from infancy. “We do not perceive ourselves and the world about us as they are, but as we have
15、been persuaded to perceive them,“ says Dr. Harman. Research shows that objects and people with some familiar characteristics tend to be perceived by the infant as identical. The newborn cannot distinguish between self and surrounding. When the baby is hungry, everybody is hungry. Later, any man beco
16、mes “Daddy“ and every animal “doggie.“ We use such early biases to make life easy, as well as comfortable and familiar. If I adopt the belief as a child that “I am dumb,“ it is easier to act it out continually than to resist it-thus I unconsciously make sure it stays true. Taking each family of word
17、s separately, here is what they represent and how to stop using them destructively. Try Benjamin Keller, head of the Los Angeles branch of the Vector Counseling Institute, tells of one desperate young woman: “Her marriage wasnt going well. As she put it, no matter how hard I try, I just cant clean,
18、cook and work at the same time. She was trying so hard she was constantly tense and exhausted.“ She agreed to stop trying and just do those things the best she could. Without the inner struggle, she found that she could schedule some things, let others go, and accomplish more. When we switch from tr
19、y, which anticipates failure, to “do the best I can,“ we do exactly that. We could not have done better, or we would have. Check it out: Consciously delete try from your vocabulary for a month. Always Always and never are our creations. Much more accurate are words that represent gradation, that cov
20、er a whole range, such as almost always, many times, frequently, not often, hardly ever. When we believe a person is always faithful, and he proves otherwise, we are hurt. When we believe we will never lose a particular friend, or our money, or a job, and we do, we respond with grief and resentment.
21、 Popular songs, expressing cultural truths, reflect this. “Always and Forever,“ we say. “You Belong to Me“ or “I Cant Smile Without You“ we sing. Is Our use of is, I am in English is virtually unique. In Spanish, separate verbs distinguish temporary from permanent: estar, to be in a temporary sense,
22、 and ser, to be in a permanent sense. So with French and many other languages. But in English, we can only describe a permanent, unalterable condition. A youngster who repeatedly hears how lazy he is tends to agree: “I am lazy.“ Adopted as his own reality, “the way I am,“ it can become a fact of his
23、 life. If I call him lazy (“the way he is“), I will see his actions colored by that judgment. Anger, resentment and rigidity may develop in both of us as a result. Cant Cant carries the same burden of permanence, expressed this time in a negative way, “You cant do anything right,“ say our parents. W
24、hen we try our hand at algebra or cooking, and dont do well, if we conclude, “I cant do it,“ we tend not to attempt it again. Thus language has done our thinking for us. ff we accept our first-round failure for what it really is - doing the best we can at that moment-we are much freer to try again.
25、Or by learning to be more precise: “perhaps I cant. with the education, experience, or information I now have,“ we free ourselves to seek out the necessary information, experience or education. Should Notice how you feel when you say, “I should call her,“ or “I must get this done.“ Shoulds are a sou
26、rce of guilt. If the guilt is appropriate, fine. But its a waste to trigger it by using language that reflects other peoples standards that weve rejected. Everybody Perhaps we use everybody, nobody, no one to make things seem better known than they are, or to have our opinions supported. If “everybo
27、dy does it“ were safe. Everybody includes too much, and nobody excludes too much. These terms prevent seeing differences between individuals. When we use them, were inaccurate most of the time; we also miss a lot. What can we expect when we change our use of try, always, is, cant, should and everybo
28、dy? You will notice no “overnight“ changes but you will definitely be easing yourself into a less dogmatic frame of mind, more open, less demanding - in some ways scarier. Did you mean everybody? Or could it be some people, or many people I know? Is he really that way, or does he seem that way to yo
29、u, now? Should you really be more (or less) ambitious, or are you judging yourself by someone elses standards? Are all your dates broken, or just the last two? It takes time, and it takes honesty. Try it. No, do it. 2 People act as they think they have been defined, and like it or not, our words pla
30、y a large part in expressing that definition. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 “Should“ implies a permanent characteristic of something or someone. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Common people used words as they like. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Perhaps we use “everybody“, “nobody“, “no one“ to make things seem better
31、known than they are. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Alfred Korzybski observed that _ affects how we handle problems and how we behave. 7 _ carries the same burden of permanence, expressed this time in a negative way. 8 Shoulds are a source of _. 9 According to Freud, to some _ certain words become magical,
32、 symbols of whole trains of thought condensed. 10 We use such early biases to make life easy, as well as _. 11 “Always“ and “never“ are our _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions w
33、ill be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） He can lend the material to the woman. （ B）
34、He cant remember the location of material needed. （ C） He isnt interested in the ancient civilization of Italy. （ D） He will borrow the material from library. （ A） The astronauts shouldnt make commercial products. （ B） It is difficult to make tiny plastic flowers in space. （ C） The astronauts have n
35、othing to do in space. （ D） The astronauts could make more useful things. （ A） Doing some exercises. （ B） Celebrating the opening of the library. （ C） Collecting money for a new hospital. （ D） Advertising their hometown. （ A） Because he was invited to another lecture. （ B） Because his car broke down
36、 on the road. （ C） Because he had to attend buffet dinner at that time. （ D） Because he forgot the time of the lecture. （ A） It is put on the mans desk. （ B） It resembles a polar bear. （ C） It is imported from Canada. （ D） It is made of light grey stone. （ A） New tasks. （ B） Trip expense. （ C） Vacat
37、ion. （ D） Trip to Europe. （ A） Saying goodbye to his secretary. （ B） Buying a ticket for a concert. （ C） Ordering a dinner in a hotel. （ D） Arranging a plane trip. （ A） She doesnt like to go shopping. （ B） She went shopping yesterday. （ C） She didnt study yesterday. （ D） She had a lot of homework. （
38、 A） How to study Italian Grammar. （ B） How to enlarge her Italian vocabulary. （ C） How to improve her speaking and listening in Italian. （ D） How to improve her reading skills in Italian. （ A） Learning to drive. （ B） Driving a car. （ C） Watching TV. （ D） Playing a cassette recorder. （ A） To practice
39、 more in using the language. （ B） To go to live in the country where the language is spoken. （ C） To watch more TV programs. （ D） To turn to more classmates for tips on language learning. （ A） Because he didnt hear any noise at all. （ B） Because he thought all this was caused by the flu. （ C） Becaus
40、e he thought he was dreaming. （ D） Because he was deaf and fainted. （ A） Because he was feeling terrible with the flu and he couldnt bother about trying to get outside. （ B） Because he believed somebody would come to save him. （ C） Because he was too scared to run out of the house. （ D） Because he t
41、hought the earthquake wasnt so serious. （ A） The television. （ B） The radio. （ C） The paper. （ D） The policeman. （ A） At home. （ B） In a park. （ C） In a cafe. （ D） In a friends house. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear som
42、e questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） It is the largest city in the world. （ B） It has many cultural and amusement places. （ C） It has the most beautiful sc
43、enery. （ D） It has the best-developed highway. （ A） Their financial conditions. （ B） Their personal characters. （ C） Their marital status. （ D） Their love towards their spouses. （ A） Because there are much more funny entertainment places. （ B） Because it has the more relaxed policy towards vices. （
44、C） Because it has not been suffering any real estate crash. （ D） Because it is the strongest city in the United States. （ A） She was driving along a county road. （ B） She was lying near a lonely road, trembling. （ C） She was lying in a hospital bed. （ D） She was telling an astonishing story to a doc
45、tor. （ A） She fainted due to the effects of some drug. （ B） She was stopped by a policeman and treated rudely. （ C） She was attacked by robbers. （ D） She was stopped and forced to enter a flying saucer. （ A） The woman made up an astonishing story. （ B） The woman had intended to leave her husband wit
46、hout a word. （ C） The woman had been taken over a thousand miles away from her home. （ D） The woman had been dishonest to her husband. （ A） Development of the National Flag （ B） Power of the National Flag （ C） Types of Flags （ D） Uses of Flags （ A） They could tell wind direction. （ B） They could bri
47、ng good luck to fighters. （ C） They were handed down by the ancestors. （ D） They were believed to stand for natural forces. （ A） He knows when it was sent to Europe. （ B） He believes it was made in Egypt. （ C） He thinks it came from China. （ D） He doubts where it started. （ A） The role of China in t
48、he spread of the national flag. （ B） The second ancestor of the national flag. （ C） The use of modern flags in Europe. （ D） The importance of modern flags. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen caref
49、ully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 37 There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this (36)_
