1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 235及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the impact of technological advances on education. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200
2、 words. Section A （ A） Selling software. （ B） Repairing computers. （ C） Selling computers. （ D） Developing software. （ A） She is arrogant. （ B） She is inexperienced. （ C） She is confident. （ D） She is offensive. （ A） She was replaced by another employee. （ B） She was fired by her last boss. （ C） She
3、 couldnt find room for improvement （ D） She couldnt make any progress in her job. （ A） She met the HR manager of her last company. （ B） She got a job from last weeks career fair. （ C） It was an internet career fair. （ D） It was held in the civic center downtown. （ A） Its being outdoors. （ B） She nee
4、ds to deal with different people. （ C） Its sometimes dangerous to drive at night. （ D） She has to work when the weather is bad. （ A） Meeting interesting people in the city. （ B） Being able to enjoy being outdoors. （ C） Driving in unsettled weather. （ D） Taking long drives outside the city. （ A） Rath
5、er difficult to please. （ B） Rude to women drivers. （ C） Talkative and generous with tips. （ D） Different in personality. （ A） She complains a lot. （ B） She plans to quit her job. （ C） She is often criticized by her customers. （ D） She is very familiar with the city. Section B （ A） How important mon
6、ey is in ones day-to-day life. （ B） How one spends money shows what is important to him. （ C） Money is more important than the philosophy of life. （ D） Ones understanding of life is more important than money. （ A） To test the strength of a friendship. （ B） To bring friends even closer. （ C） To know
7、more people who are in need. （ D） To make your friends feel they are helpful. （ A） Money is proof of ones value. （ B） Money is a means instead of an end. （ C） Making more money is meaningless. （ D） Money can give great happiness. （ A） It can be acquired from seafood, （ B） It is good for our bones an
8、d teeth. （ C） It is mainly consumed by vegetarians. （ D） It is not as nutritious as it used to be. （ A） Delicious snacks and mineral water. （ B） Foods that contain much calcium. （ C） Noodles with high carbohydrates. （ D） Fruits that contain vitamins and fibre. （ A） They are allergic to meat, fish an
9、d other animal products. （ B） They cannot get over the brutal scenes of killing animals. （ C） Some of them think it is morally wrong to kill animals for food. （ D） Some of them believe it is healthier to eat meat and beans. （ A） They refer to transgenic organisms. （ B） They are harmful to the enviro
10、nment. （ C） They are grown in green and clean ways. （ D） They are grown with less harmful chemicals. Section C （ A） Cultivating creative talents. （ B） Producing university professors. （ C） Fostering industrial leaders. （ D） Nurturing great artists. （ A） All-around development （ B） Creativity for the
11、 future. （ C） Basic social skills. （ D） Academic capability. （ A） Very normal in the 21st century. （ B） Absolutely correct forever. （ C） Profoundly wrong for now. （ D） Rather absurd in the 19th century. （ A） Its a commercial plane with two captains. （ B） Its a newly produced American plane. （ C） Its
12、 a fighter armed with high technology. （ D） Its an auto-driven plane without pilots. （ A） They are only in restricted use by army. （ B） They carry passengers but no pilots. （ C） They drive automatically with pilots in them. （ D） They themselves can handle anything wrong. （ A） Theyre similar to a rad
13、io-controlled model aircraft （ B） They fly throughout the world freely just like eagles. （ C） They can autonomously comply with the air rules. （ D） They are more flexible and faster than bigger aircraft. （ A） They are always safer than manned planes. （ B） They are faster than many helicopters. （ C）
14、They can do many jobs at a lower cost. （ D） They can carry out all jobs conveniently. （ A） The advanced science and high technology. （ B） The close connections across the globe. （ C） The well-educated young generation. （ D） The wise policy made by governments. （ A） Good relationship with the manager
15、s of the company. （ B） Willingness to work overtime for the company. （ C） Adaption to business trips around the world. （ D） Overseas experience with languages and cultures （ A） Finding a good job in a famous international company. （ B） Shaping the future of your country and the whole world. （ C） Bri
16、nging honor to your family by the oversea study experience. （ D） Getting a Green Card to work and live in a foreign country. Section A 26 The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, but this is largely because, unlike animals, we s
17、tand upright This means that our noses are 【 C1】 _ to perceiving those smells which float through the air, missing the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, though, we are【 C2】 _ sensitive to smells, even if we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of【 C3】 _ human smells
18、even when these are diluted to far below one part in one million. Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, whereas others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate【 C4】 _ smell r
19、eceptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send【 C5】 _ to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell at first can suddenly become sensitive to it when【 C6】 _ to it often enough. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seem
20、s to be that the brain finds it【 C7】_ to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can create new receptors if necessary. This may also explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smellswe【 C8】 _ do not need to be. We are not【 C9】 _ of the usual smell of our own house, but we notice
21、new smells when we visit someone elses. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors available for unfamiliar and【 C10】 _ signals such as the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire. A) simply E) permanently I) dedicated M) distinguishing B) emergency F) limited J) exposed N) part
22、icular C) aware G) sure K) impulses 0) extremely D) detecting H) inefficient L) messages 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Why Sustainable Buildings Need to Focus on Community And Collaboration? A According to the government, buil
23、dings in the UK account for about 43% of all carbon emissions; when you also consider the amount of other resources they require, such as water, and the amount of energy that goes into transporting millions of us to work every day, its clear we need to make our buildings more sustainable. Yet sustai
24、nability does not begin and end with reducing carbon. The buildings we work in define and shape their neighbourhoods, especially in cities, where they have an enormous social impact upon communities. Local traders depend on the income from the people who are employed nearby, while the wellbeing of e
25、mployees is affected by their workplace surroundings. B So how can we ensure the buildings of the future are sustainable, creative and productive workplaces that benefit the employees who work in them and the communities that surround them? That question formed the basis of a recent roundtable debat
26、e, held in association with property investor Derwent London. Saving energy C Unusually, the early part of the discussion was framed by a prototype office for Derwents White Collar Factory project. The building, which goes on site in 2014, has been designed to test sustainable ways of lighting, heat
27、ing, cooling and occupying a building, for instance, by mixing start-ups with established companies. Compared to a normal office building, the White Collar Factory will save a tonne of carbon every two days, said Derwent Londons director Paul Williams. “It will also be an enjoyable space,“ he said,
28、referring to the open-plan, high-ceiling design. D However, designing a high-spec building that takes advantage of all the latest energy-saving technologies such as advanced heating, cooling and building-management software does not always guarantee a sustainable future. E Chris Early, estates manag
29、er of Telefonica, said developers should not get “hung up about the type of air conditioning“. By concentrating solely on energy-saving technologies, developers could lose sight of the wider issues surrounding sustainability. “Its about how you develop a larger site as a whole: the mixture of small
30、and large occupiers and startups.“ For developments to be successful in the future, youve got to be delivering space that works from an occupational perspective, so people can collaborate within their own organisation, but also with others. There has got to be more of a community feel.“ F Speaking o
31、ff the record, one participant suggested that the reason why developments werent always designed and occupied sustainably was simply down to finance. Im not sure the boardroom understands buildings. My finance director will focus purely on the numbers, the minimum amount of space we can occupy, the
32、lowest rates we can secure the space for. Were constantly challenged trying to explain the wider tangible (切实的 ) benefits a creative space can offer.“ G Rab Bennetts, co-founder of Bennetts Associates, agreed it was difficult to measure the benefits of creative space as opposed to something like ren
33、t in a tangible way, but he suggested that reducing absenteeism and improving recruitment, for example, were benefits that are often overlooked. “If you can improve the workforce a little bit by making it a nicer place so theres less absenteeism, the difference is huge,“ said Bennetts. H While all d
34、elegates acknowledged that cost was an important issue, Chris Sherwin, head of sustainability at Seymourpowell, suggested many of the related problems could be overcome by thinking about the issues at the initial design stage. Referring to his experience of working with manufacturers and product dev
35、elopers, Sherwin said: “Most of the wellbeing and environmental impacts are locked in at the very early design stages and I think its pretty much the same with buildings.“ I For Ziona Strelitz, founder director of ZZA responsive user environments, the failure to create sustainable working environmen
36、ts in the past resulted from directors being afraid to take what would be perceived as risks. However, she believed that was no longer the case. “There was a generational shift after the dotcom boom, there was a turning point where the people deciding on what kind of spaces they wanted changed. Sudd
37、enly much younger people had the money and power to make premises decisions.“ J But a note of caution was sounded by Stephen Taylor, associate director at Allford Hall Monaghan Morris architects, who pointed out that people have different ideas about what their perfect workplace is. “The best we can
38、 hope for as architects is to give people that loose fit to allow flexibility to happen over time.“ Designing buildings in this manner would give occupiers flexibility over how they wanted to work, he said. Collaborative working K The benefits of flexible working are not confined to improving employ
39、ees wellbeing, either, said Early. Discussing his own organisations policy on remote working, he said: “Its sustainable as were reducing car use by encouraging people to work from home. were trying to make it more of a hotel environment, where you come in to do something productive then go.“ While u
40、sing LED lighting and other energy-saving initiatives were “good housekeeping“, keeping an estate small was ultimately fundamental to reducing an organisations carbon footprint. So how can companies reduce their estate? L Many participants thought technology could provide an answer. Strelitz pointed
41、 to the work of LiquidSpace, a US-based firm that has created an app to help users find and book a work space suited to their needs, whenever they need it. The app also allows the companies providing the workplaces to optimise the space they have available. Participants agreed this kind of collabora
42、tive working could be key to the future of sustainable buildings. “To think people only have their own employees in a building and theyre only going to work in a certain way has gone for ever and that change has to be embraced,“ said Williams. M While everyone recognised that collaborative working a
43、mong occupiers was a major step towards making buildings more sustainable, when it came to collaboration among landlords and developers, many felt a lack of government direction was hindering progress. Unless politicians are engaged in the discussion, its hard to imagine there will be much drive for
44、 sustainability through regulation, said Tony Travers, director of LSE London. “Most governments are trying to avoid regulations so making the discussion more accessible to those who make planning decisions is essential, otherwise it will be cut off from the places that bring the pressure to create
45、change.“ N Bennetts suggested that the government had missed an opportunity when it scrapped proposals to make display energy certificates mandatory for commercial buildings. As an alternative, he suggested introducing a “kitemark“ (风筝标志 ) for buildings, which rated their environmental, social and e
46、conomic sustainability, including social capital. The mark would be displayed prominently on a building to raise the profile of its energy use. O The way buildings are assessed for their sustainability came in for some criticism. The environmental assessment and rating method was described as too co
47、mplicated by delegates. “The market has taken it and used it as the standard,“ said John Davies, sustainability manager of Derwent London. “It has turned from a guidebook into a rulebook.“ P Despite criticism of the lack of statute and some of the assessment methods, the debate ended with much posit
48、ivity. Delegates were confident that advances in technology and collaborative working, plus a new generation entering the boardroom, would ensure sustainability became increasingly important to landlords, developers and occupiers in future. As Bennetts pointed out: “Theres been more progress and mor
49、e innovation over the past five years than the past 25 years.“ 37 The government once discarded proposals to make it mandatory for commercial buildings to display energy certificates. 38 Too much focus on energy-saving technologies could make developers neglect other issues of sustainability. 39 To reduce an organizations carbon emissions, it is essential for people to keep the building down to a certain size. 40 A large quantity of carbon emissions produced by
