1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 36及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should Class Attendance Be Required. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words according to the outline given below in Chinese. Write your essay on
2、 Answer Sheet 1. 1许多大学都实行上课出勤点名制； 2你认为有无必要实行这种制度及其原因； 3你的看法。 Section A （ A） Student and teacher. （ B） Patient and doctor. （ C） Waitress and customer. （ D） Client and lawyer. （ A） She would collect the exams. （ B） She would correct the exams. （ C） Her teaching assistant would correct the exams. （ D）
3、She would not give her students a final exam. （ A） The kitchen is too big. （ B） Its too noisy. （ C） There are only two rooms. （ D） The air conditioning causes a problem. （ A） Because her husband criticized her opinions. （ B） Because her husband is wrong so much of the time. （ C） Because she doesnt b
4、elieve the weather forecast. （ D） Because she left her umbrella in the office. （ A） The woman is mailing them to Garys old address. （ B） The post office is sending them to the womans house. （ C） They arc being forwarded to Garys apartment. （ D） They are being held at the post office. （ A） He will wr
5、ite a short paper instead of a long one. （ B） He hopes to write a paper. （ C） He doesnt know which. （ D） He prefers the tests to the term paper. （ A） Layer and client. （ B） Teacher and student. （ C） Boss and sectary. （ D） Nurse and patient. （ A） It would do him good to go out for a while. （ B） He ou
6、ght to do the first ten problems again. （ C） She could help him with the problems. （ D） He should be finished with the problems by three. （ A） More work as a teaching assistant. （ B） A higher salary. （ C） A longer vacation period. （ D） A research assignment. （ A） Hell start next week. （ B） He wouldn
7、t enjoy it. （ C） He would like time to decide. （ D） He wants his advisers opinion. （ A） Franks talent for teaching. （ B） Franks interesting approach to research. （ C） A present Frank will receive for graduation. （ D） A congratulatory letter from the department （ A） The colors of clothing. （ B） The i
8、ndividual taste on clothing. （ C） The idea of psychology of clothing. （ D） The clothing fashion. （ A） It is a subconscious thing. （ B） It reflects a lack of self-consciousness. （ C） It is unnecessary indeed. （ D） It is a kind of conscious act. （ A） He has a feeling of insecurity. （ B） He is missing
9、his family. （ C） He lacks self-confidence. （ D） He feels ill. （ A） Wanner clothes. （ B） More aggressive clothes. （ C） Brighter colors of clothes. （ D） More casual clothes. Section B （ A） Because he likes learning. （ B） Because his hearing center is still immature. （ C） Because his ears are immature.
10、 （ D） Because he wants to know how to use his ears. （ A） Get angry. （ B） Look away. （ C） Begin crying. （ D） Ignore it. （ A） When he is pleased. （ B） When he grows up. （ C） When he gets angry. （ D） When he hears other baby crying. （ A） People began to go strike for food. （ B） Some countries have to c
11、ut down food supplies. （ C） People are dying of hunger. （ D） Some governments have to drive their people into other countries. （ A） 80 million. （ B） 70 million. （ C） More than 3,500 million. （ D） About 3,000 million. （ A） Latin America. （ B） North America. （ C） South America. （ D） Central America. （
12、 A） It is in the heart of the city at 42nd Street and Fifth Avenue. （ B） It is in the heart of the city at 42nd Street and Sixth Avenue. （ C） It is in the heart of the city at 32nd Street and Fifth Avenue. （ D） It is in the heart of the city at 32nd Street and Sixth Avenue. （ A） The library is in th
13、e busiest part of the city. （ B） The library has grass and trees around it. （ C） The roof of the main reading room is forty-one feet high. （ D） Its rooms are very large. （ A） 13 million. （ B） 30 million. （ C） 14 million. （ D） 40 million. （ A） It is in danger. （ B） To raise more money. （ C） To contin
14、ue its work. （ D） To save money. Section C 26 I asked successful people what the secret of their success was. I【 B1】 _an early discussion with a vice president of a large oil company. “Oh. I just keep a To Do list.“ lie said. I【 B2】 _that quickly, little suspecting the importance of what he said. I
15、was in another city the next day and I hail lunch with a【 B3】 _who practically owned the town. He was chairman of the gas and light company, president of live【 B4】_companies, and had his hand in a dozen other【 B5】 _. I asked him how he【 B6】 _to get everything done. “Oh, thats easy,“ he said. “I keep
16、 a To Do List.“ The first thing in the morning, he told me, he would come in and list what he wanted to【 B7】 _that day. He would arrange the items in priority. During the day he would【 B8】 _items and add others as they occurred to him. In the evening he would check to see how many of the items he ha
17、d written down still remained【 B9】 _and then give himself a score. His goal manages to cross off every single item. Again and again in the years since, when I have talked to successful people, the To Do List has【 B10】 _.I have found that one difference between people at the top of the ladder and peo
18、ple at the bottom is that those at the top use a To Do List every day to make better use o their time; those at the bottom dont. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 There are a great many books, web sites, and training【 C1】 _today m
19、ore or less dedicated to the idea that being bored is a major sin, for which the only【 C2】_is to find ways to be busy and productive every waking moment. People who follow this【 C3】 _are constantly on-the-go - and feelings of boredom quickly smothered with yet more activities. At work, at home, at p
20、lay, each【 C4】 _must be filled with things to ward off the slightest possibility of being bored. As a society, were over-stimulated to the point of mania, like hyper-excited children in those few moments at a party before it all goes wrong and everyone starts crying. I suspect the rise in ADHD isnt
21、only【 C5】 _to eating strange chemicals in the diet; were training ourselves to require continual distraction, reducing our attention-span to less than a few seconds before were bored again. It used to be only teenagers who【 C6】 _. “Im so bored!“ Now almost everyone acts as if not having something tr
22、uly exciting to do every moment is either the first sign of senility or - much wore - positive proof that they, and their【 C7】 _. are gone, past it, over the hill, on the way towards oblivion. Yet boredom is, in reality, crucial to any ability to be truly productive, let【 C8】_effective. If youre fla
23、t-out busy and engaged all the time, you may feel important, but the reality is【 C9】 _. Its those who are constantly【 C10】 _with activities that are most likely to be headed towards a nasty let-down. A)alone B)careers C)course D)cure E)different F)dissatisfied G)distracted H)due I)felt J)idea K)mome
24、nt L)sighed M)thanks N)time O)way 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 HIV 60 to 70% of those are in Sub-Saharan Africa. But the disease is spreading in every region, with fierce epidemics threatening to tear through countries such a
25、s India, China, Russia and the islands of the Caribbean. The statistics are sobering in some Southern African towns 44% of pregnant women are HIV positive, in Botswana 37% of people carry the virus. CThe human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)is a retrovirus a virus built of RNA instead of more typical DN
26、A. It attacks the very cells of the immune system that should be protecting the body against it T lymphocytes and other white blood cells with CD4 receptors on their surfaces. The virus uses the CD4 receptor to bind with and thereby enter the lymphocyte. HIV then integrates itself into the cells own
27、 DNA, turning the cell into a virus-generating factory. The new viruses break free, destroying the cell, then move on to attack other lymphocytes. DHIV kills by slowly destroying the immune system. Several weeks after initial infection, flu-like symptoms are experienced. Then the immune system kicks
28、-in, and the virus mostly retreats into hiding within lymph tissues. The untreated, infected individual usually remains healthy for 5 to 15 years, but the virus continues to replicate in the background, slowly obliterating the immune system. Eventually the body is unable to defend itself and succumb
29、s to overwhelming opportunistic infections that rarely affect healthy people. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(AIDS)is the name given to this final stage of HIV infection, and is characterized by multiple, life-threatening illnesses such is weight loss, chronic diarrheoa, rare cancers, pneumonia,
30、 fungal conditions and infections of the brain and eye. Tuberculosis has become especially prevalent in AIDS victims. EGenetic analyses hint that ancestral primate HIV may have been born a million years ago when a chimpanzee virus hybridized(杂交 )with a related monkey variety. However researchers bel
31、ieve it was not until the 1930s that this jumped to humans eating chimp meat in Central Africa. That variety became HIV-1 the most widespread type. A second type, HIV-2, restricted to West Africa, was probably contracted in the 1960s from monkey meat. Another theory was that the AIDS pandemic was ac
32、cidentally started by doctors testing a polio vaccine in the 1950s detailed in Edward Hoopers book The River but this has been severely criticized by other researchers. FAIDS must have been circulating in the US and Africa during the 1970s. But it was not recognized until 1981 when young gay men and
33、 injecting drug users, in New York and California, started to be diagnosed with both an unusual skin cancer called Kaposis sarcoma, and lethal pneumonias. By the end of that year 121 people in the US had died that number would rise to 17,000 over the next six years. Government scientists predicted t
34、hat the mysterious immune-debilitating illness was due to an infectious agent. In 1984 that agent was identified as HIV by Luc Montagnier of the Pasteur Institute in Paris, France, and Robert Gallo of the National Cancer Institute in Washington DC, US. GSoon after the appearance of AIDS in the US, t
35、he disease was detected in Europe too and epidemics affecting heterosexual men and women sprang up at an alarming rate in Sub-Saharan Africa. Today one in five people in that region are living with the virus. AIDS epidemics also threaten to devastate the worlds most populous nations India and China
36、if action is not taken to bring them under control. HHIV is found in body fluids such as: blood, semen, vaginal fluids and breast milk. It can be passed on through penetrative sex, oral sex and sharing contaminated needles when injecting street drugs or in hospitals. It can also be transmitted from
37、a mother to her baby during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding though many children escape infection. HIV cannot be passed on through kissing, coughing, mosquito bites or touching. IHealth authorities are focusing on prevention as a key method to limit the spread of the epidemic. Educational pro
38、grams preach abstinence from sex, monogamy and safer sex using condoms, as ways to protect against infection. Many countries give away free condoms and offer needle exchange programs to try and limit transmission among injecting drug users. Microbicides in the form of creams that prevent transmissio
39、n of HIV may soon offer another method of protection. JA vaccine, as an alternative method to prevent HIV infection, may still be many years away. This is partly because the virus mutates so rapidly. A vaccine may not only have to prime antibodies to attack the virus(the way most vaccines work)but m
40、ight also need to increase T-cell production. Vaccine trial; have been undertaken in South Africa, Kenya, the US and Thailand though most have yet to yield promising results. Controversial vaccines made from the blood of HIV carriers, have been tested is Nigeria and Thailand. KThere is no cure for A
41、IDS, but a range of drugs some of which have unpleasant side-effects are available to slow its progress. Other drugs are used to treat opportunistic infections or AIDS symptoms. Even some herbal treatments have been investigated. Most anti-HIV drugs aim at stalling viral replication. Nucleoside anal
42、ogues such as AZT(zidovudine)and also non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NNRTIs)(非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂 ), attack the action of the viral enzyme reverse transcriptase. This prevents it from creating functional DNA which would otherwise integrate into the DNA of infected cells. LA third class block
43、 protease, an enzyme essential for generating functional virus particles. Protease inhibitors are the most effective of the three types of drugs, and AIDS mortality fell dramatically in the US when they were first licensed during the late 1990s. Fusion inhibitors are a newer type of drug that work b
44、y stopping HIV from binding with CD4 receptors that it uses to enter cells. Drugs that block another enzyme, integrase(整合酶 ), are also under development. MAIDS drugs are often administered in combination cocktails of three or more kinds simultaneously, as this helps slow the rate at which HIV develo
45、ps resistance to drugs. But the virus is able to evolve rapidly and can eventually outpace the drugs if treatment regimens are not followed rigorously. Though drugs are widely available in Western countries, their expense means they are unavailable to the vast majority of AIDS sufferers. Internation
46、al bodies are working towards widening access to treatment in the developing world. Some companies in countries such as India and Thailand are now producing cheap generic copies of drugs. NThe economic and social burden of AIDS exerts a great toll on developing nations in addition to that exerted by
47、 mortality itself. AIDS is hindering development and leading to negative population growth in some of the most seriously affected nations, such as Botswana. OThis excessive AIDS mortality is causing a great demographic shift, wiping out young adults in the prime of their lives. This leaves children
48、orphaned, and is destroying workforces and economies. Some predict that 50 million children in Sub-Saharan Africa will have been orphaned by 2010. The labor forces of 38 AIDS ravaged countries will be up to 35% smaller by 2020, because of AIDS. PThe effect of AIDS on agricultural communities in Sout
49、hern Africa is even leading to food shortages. Social stigma and discrimination is yet another problem for many AIDS sufferers, especially in Asian nations. 47 HIV integrates into the DNA of infected cells turn the cell of the immune system into a virus-generating factory. 48 It will take many years to develop effective vaccines to prevent HIV infection, partly because the virus mutates so rap
