1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 60 及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How to Establish a Healthy Living Style? You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1. 1越来越多的人开始崇尚简单、健康的生活方式； 2造成
2、这种现象的原因： 3我们可以 Section A （ A） Take no notice on the difference. （ B） Try to change her partners mind. （ C） Communicate with her partner. （ D） Find out the misunderstandings. （ A） She drove too fast. （ B） She ran a red light. （ C） She parked at the wrong place. （ D） She broke a light when driving. （
3、A） She is eager to share news with the woman. （ B） She enjoys making up stories about other people. （ C） She can never keep anything to herself for long. （ D） She often knows the updated news in their class. （ A） Playing a game. （ B） Moving the furniture. （ C） Telling a practical joke. （ D） Telling
4、a detective story. （ A） He already has plans for Friday night. （ B） The woman should decide where to eat. （ C） The woman should ask her sister for a suggestion. （ D） He will make a reservation at the restaurant. （ A） A bank clerk. （ B） A taxi driver. （ C） An airline official. （ D） A police officer.
5、（ A） The chair is not well-matched with the carpet. （ B） The chair is so perfect for the man to buy. （ C） The salesman is charging the man $199 for the chair. （ D） The salesman would lower the price if the man wants the chair. （ A） In a classroom. （ B） At a railway ticket office. （ C） On Platform Th
6、ree. （ D） In the waiting room of a railway station. （ A） He always likes something more challenging. （ B） He wants to live nearer to his family. （ C） He wants to put his administration knowledge into practice. （ D） He did reporting before and was interested in journalism. （ A） Administrative news. （
7、 B） General social concerns. （ C） Financial news. （ D） Local news. （ A） Shocked. （ B） Acceptable. （ C） Incredible. （ D） Indifferent. （ A） She only wants to hire local people. （ B） She lived in the city for a long time. （ C） She will send the employees everywhere. （ D） She wants to know more about ap
8、plicants. （ A） Choosing courses. （ B） Preordering textbooks. （ C） Dealing with used books. （ D） Looking for part-time jobs. （ A） Names of the recommended books. （ B） The name and number of her professor. （ C） A letter of recommendation from the supervisor. （ D） The course names and the schedule numb
9、ers. （ A） When she gets the books. （ B） When the classes begin. （ C） When she hands in the form. （ D） When she is able to pay. Section B （ A） Children will get absent-minded if they play video games. （ B） Children will get healthier if they change their diet. （ C） Children will improve their grades
10、if they stop watching TV. （ D） Children will lose weight if they spend less time watching TV. （ A） Because they prove the direct effect of reduction in television viewing. （ B） Because they show the great importance of physical activity. （ C） Because they help settle on the best diet small children
11、need. （ D） Because they indicate that children benefit much from TV programs. （ A） Children will move more and consume more energy if they dont watch TV. （ B） Children will spend more time studying if they are not allowed to watch TV. （ C） Children will eat more food to their taste if they have spec
12、ial diets. （ D） Children will be indulged in video games if parents dont supervise them. （ A） Because good men are not as smart as the police. （ B） Because good people have no sense of guilt. （ C） Because good people have hardly done anything to prevent crimes. （ D） Because good people commit more c
13、riminal activities recently. （ A） Stricter internal disciplines should be maintained. （ B） More good examples should be set for people to follow. （ C） More restrictions should be imposed on peoples behavior. （ D） More people should accept the American way of life. （ A） Society is to be held responsi
14、ble. （ B） Modern civilization is responsible for it. （ C） The criminal himself should bear the blame. （ D） The standards of living should be improved. （ A） Through his hard work at training. （ B） Through his training as a preacher. （ C） Through his reputation as a preacher. （ D） Through his attentio
15、n to medicine. （ A） His ability to play the organ. （ B） His interest in medicine. （ C） His doctoral degrees in philosophy and music. （ D） His talents in preaching. （ A） His generous suggestions and help. （ B） His imprisonment in World War I. （ C） The responsibility of helping others. （ D） His impact
16、 on Western civilization. （ A） He was a man full of responsibility for German citizens. （ B） He was a man with little courage to face the threat of war. （ C） He was an eccentric man who loves hot weather. （ D） He was a man of many talents with a sense of idealism. Section C 26 At the end of his two
17、terms in office, Ronald Reagan viewed with satisfaction the achievements of his innovative program known as the Reagan Revolution. This revolution【 B1】_reduce American peoples reliance upon the government. He felt he had fulfilled his campaign【 B2】 _of 1980 to restore “the great, confident roar of A
18、merican progress and growth and optimism“. Ronald Reagan was【 B3】 _by Republicans in 1980 and chose as his running mate former United Nations Ambassador George Bush. Reagan won 489 votes to 49 for President Jimmy Carter. On January 20, 1981, Reagan【 B4】 _. Unfortunately, only about 69 days later he
19、was shot by a would-be assassin(刺客 ), but quickly recovered and returned to duty. Moreover, his grace and wit during the dangerous incident caused his popularity to soar. Dealing【 B5】 _with Congress, Reagan obtained legislation to stimulate economic growth, curb【 B6】 _, increase employment, and stre
20、ngthen national defense. He【 B7】_a course of cutting taxes and government expenditures. He also refused to【 B8】 _it when the strengthening of defense forces led to a large deficit. In foreign policy, Reagan sought to achieve “peace through strength“. During his two terms he increased defense spendin
21、g by【 B10】 _percent, but sought to improve relations with the Soviet Union. In【 B9】 _meetings with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, he【 B10】 _a treaty that would eliminate intermediate-range nuclear missiles. By ordering naval escorts in the Persian Gulf, he maintained the free flow of oil during th
22、e Iran-Iraq war. Overall, the Reagan years saw a restoring of prosperity, and the goal of peace through strength seemed to be within grasp. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 People have wondered for a long time how their personali
23、ties and behaviors are formed It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is【 C1】 _and another is competitive. Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics an
24、d【 C2】 _certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two【 C3】 _schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two【 C4】 _are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents(支持者 )of each theory. The controversy is often【 C5】
25、_to as “nature vs nurture“. Those who support the “nature“ side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and【 C6】 _factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central
26、 to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely【 C7】 _by our instincts. Proponents of the “nurture“ theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important tha
27、n our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely【 C8】_by their surroundings. Neither of these theories can yet【 C9】 _explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the【 C10】 _to our be
28、havior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain. A)governed B)referred C)strategies D)fully E)consulted F)genetic G)reveal H)shaped I)scarcely J)approaches K)key L)exhibit M)cooperative N)resolution O)distinct 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】
29、 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 Some Suggestions for Pessimists AObesity and smoking may be the most conspicuous causes of illness in this country, but physical factors dont account for everything. Your psychologynamely, your personality and outlook on l
30、ife can be just as important to your well-being as exercising and eating right. And especially these days, with the worlds economy tumbling toward a depression, its a good time to prevent yourself from slipping into one too. BAn entire science has grown up around the risks of negative thinking(as we
31、ll as the power of positive psychology), and the latest findings confirm that a pessimistic outlook not only fuels anxiety, which can put people at risk for chronic mental illnesses like depression, but may also cause early death and set people up for a number of minor physical illnesses, ranging fr
32、om the common cold to heart disease and immune disorders. COptimism, meanwhile, is associated with a happier and longer life. Over the course of a recent eight-year study, University of Pittsburgh researchers found that optimistic women lived longer than pessimistic ones. Which may be good news for
33、the active people out there, but what about the rest of us who arent always so cheerful? Are we destined for sickness and failure? Or is it possible to master the principles of positivity the same way we might learn a new hobby or follow a recipe? DThe answer from the experts seems to be yes. But it
34、 does take effort. Seeing the sunny side doesnt come easily. Be an “Optimalist“ EMost people would define optimism as being eternally hopeful, endlessly happy, with a glass thats perpetually half full. But thats exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldnt recommend. “H
35、ealthy optimism means being in touch with reality,“ says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor who taught the universitys most popular course, Positive Psychology, from 2002 to 2008. “It certainly doesnt mean thinking everything is great and wonderful.“ FBen-Shahar, who is the author of Happier and Th
36、e Pursuit of Perfect, describes realistic optimists as “optimalists“not those who believe everything happens for the best, but those who make the best of things that happen. GIn his own life, Ben-Shahar uses three optimalist exercises, which he calls PRP. When he feels down-say, after giving a bad l
37、ecturehe grants himself permission(P)to be human. He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction(R). He analyses the weak lecture, learning lessons for the future about what works and what doesnt. Finally, theres persp
38、ective(P), which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture really doesnt matter. HStudies suggest that people who are able to focus on the positive aspects of a negative eventbasically, cope with failurecan protect themselves from the physical toll of stress and anxiety. I
39、n a recent study at the University of California, San Francisco(UCSF), scientists asked a group of women to give a speech in front of a stone-faced audience of strangers. On the first day, all the participants said they felt threatened, and they showed fear hormones(荷尔蒙 ). On subsequent days, howeve
40、r, those women who had reported rebounding from a major life crisis in the past no longer felt the same subjective threat over speaking in public. They had learned that this negative event, too, would pass and they would survive. “Its a back door to the same positive state because people are able to
41、 tolerate and accept the negative,“ says Elissa Epel, one of the psychologists involved in the study. Accept Pain and Sadness IBeing optimistic doesnt mean shutting out sad or painful emotions. As a clinical psychologist, Martin Seligman, who runs the Positive Psychology Center at the University of
42、Pennsylvania, says he used to feel proud whenever he helped depressed patients rid themselves of sadness, anxiety or anger. “I thought I would get a happy person,“ he says. “But I never did. What I got was an empty person.“ Thats what prompted him to launch the field of positive psychology, with a g
43、roundbreaking address to the American Psychological Association in 1998. Instead of focusing only on righting wrongs and lifting misery, he argued, psychologists need to help patients foster good mental health through constructive skills, like Ben-Shahars PRP. The idea is to teach patients to streng
44、then their strengths rather than simply improve their weaknesses. “Its not enough to clear away the weeds,“ Seligman says. “If you want roses, you have to plant a rose.“ JWhen a loved one dies or you lose your job, for example, its normal and healthy to mourn. Youre supposed to feel sad and even dep
45、ressed. But you cant put yourself in sadness for too long. A study by UCSF researchers of HIV-positive men whose partners had died found that the men who allowed themselves to grieve while also seeking to accept the death were better able to bounce back from the tragedy. Men who focused only on the
46、loss as opposed to, say, viewing the death as a relief of their partners suffering, tended to grieve longer, presumably because they couldnt find a way out of their sadness. Smile in Your Profile Picture KIf all else fails, try “catching“ happiness from your friends. We are social beings, of course,
47、 and our outlook is influenced to no small degree by that of our friends and family. LChristakis and his colleague James Fowler at the University of California, San Diego, are now studying happiness infection in perhaps the largest social network of all, Facebook. They noticed that people who smiled
48、 in their Facebook profile pictures tended to have other friends who smiled. This might simply be peer pressure at work, with members feeling obliged to flash a smile to fit in with the rest of the group, but Christakis and Fowler are investigating whether there isnt a more infectious phenomenon at
49、work. MIf you still arent convinced that your negative ways can ever be changed, consider this: only about 25% of a persons optimism cannot be changed in his genes, according to some studies. Thats in contrast to the 40% to 60% heritability(遗传可能性 )of most other personality traits, like agreeableness and conscientiousness. Science suggests that the greater part of an optimistic outlook can be acquired with
