1、大学英语六级（阅读）模拟试卷 17及答案与解析 Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. 0 Loosing tempter to colleagues, eating extrava
2、gantly, even shouting to kids, these are the daily scenes most commonly seen when one is under stress. Stress is inevitable in our everyday life. However, there are ways to minimize its grip on your life, starting with your diet. Most of us recognize that certain foods have brutal effects on the bra
3、in for productivity, mood and mental energy. Too much chocolate can leave you dragging after the sugar and caffeine jolts(突然的震惊 )fade away. An overdose of salty chips dehydrates the body and the brain, bringing on fatigue. High fat meals raise stress hormone levels. The problem is that these are pre
4、cisely the foods we reach for at exactly the wrong times, as they make tension from work and daily life worse just when we seek relief. The Food and Mood Project, a nutrition research group in the U. K., has drawn a list of “food stressors“ and “food supporters“ foods that increase stress from the i
5、nside and those that help people under stress on the basis of personal experience among 200 people surveyed. Nearly 90% of those surveyed reported that their mental health had improved significantly with changes in diet. Participants reported that cutting down or avoiding “food stressors“ like sugar
6、, caffeine, alcohol and chocolate had the most impact on mental health. So did having more “food supporters“ like water, vegetables, fruit and oil-rich fish. The survey also found some dietary strategies particularly helpful in encouraging a healthful diet: eating regular meals, carrying nutritious
7、snacks and planning meals in advance. Researches now underway are on how foods will affect our internal chemistry. We already know that stress hormones actually rob the bodies of vitamins, hijacking them with the tensing of muscles and the rise of blood pressure, reactions fundamental to the fight-o
8、r-flight response. Thus at times when were experiencing the nervous-system workout of anxiety, we are in special need of B vitamins which will be used up in converting food into energy for the body. Its double disaster for the body if calories consumed during stressful times dont come from nutritiou
9、s foods, as theyll then be used up even more quickly. Even a slight vitamin B deficiency say, from a few days of overloading on chips and soda upsets the nervous system and compounds stress. Extreme stress can create even more nutritional disaster. The “fight or flight“ effect on our bodies is drast
10、ic. Some 1400 chemical changes occur as stress hormones deprive the body of important nutrients. The hormones released in response to stress can cause the lack of carbohydrate by lowering levels of a calming hormone. Increasing carbohydrate intake can strengthen tolerance to stress by boosting level
11、s of this hormone, but it can also cause weight gain and overeating, particularly of sugary foods. When the pressure is on, its difficult not to turn to junk food for relief. But sticking to highly nutritious, low fat, low sugar, and low caffeine diet will be its own reward. 1 According to the passa
12、ge, stress_. （ A） would hurt your colleagues and kids （ B） can be reduced with proper diet （ C） is incurable in everyday life （ D） comes from eating extravagantly 2 Research by the Food and Mood Project indicates that chocolate, sugar, caffeine, salty chips_. （ A） are “food supporters“ for they help
13、 make people excited （ B） can increase stress from the inside （ C） are good for people to seek relief from tension （ D） are benefit for mental health 3 According to the passage, to lead a healthy life you should_. （ A） totally abandon the intake of sugar, caffeine, alcohol and chocolate （ B） eat as
14、large amounts of water, vegetables, fruit and oil-rich fish as possible （ C） take some healthy snacks with you （ D） plan more meals than the regular three meals 4 What can we know from the passage? （ A） Our blood pressure will rise when taking “ food stressors“. （ B） Changing food into energy will u
15、se up the bodys vitamin B supply. （ C） Some food will endanger our bodies with the tensing of muscles. （ D） Junk food cannot provide us with vitamins that are vital for stress reduction. 5 According to the passage, when extreme stress occurs,_. （ A） the “fight and flight response“ will disappear （ B
16、） the hormones in response to stress will increase drastically （ C） to have more carbohydrate in diet can help one to be emotionally stronger （ D） people will gain weight or overeating 5 One of the most important organizations designed to combat fatal infectious diseases in poor countries goes by th
17、e unwieldy name of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. The link between the first two is well established. AIDS does not kill directly. Rather, the damage it does to the immune system opens an individual to other infections that would frequently be fought off by a healthy body.
18、Of these, tuberculosis is one of the most important. Some 12% of deaths of people infected with HIV, the virus mat causes AIDS, are from tuberculosis, and, conversely, 16% of tuberculosis deaths are AIDS-related. The disease of malaria kills a lot of people at least 1 million a year, although the ex
19、act figure is hard to come by but there was little obvious medical connection between it and the other two. No longer. Over the past few years a number of studies have suggested mat those who are infected with HIV are more susceptible to malaria, and that the malaria parasite, in turn, raises the nu
20、mber of virus particles in those with HIV. Now, a study published in Science by Laith Abu-Raddad of the University of Washington, in Seattle, and his colleagues has tried to put some numbers on the problems. The studys starting point is that the number of virus particles in the blood of someone infe
21、cted with HIV increases about ten-fold during an attack of malaria. This seems to be due, paradoxically, to the immune systems response to the malarial parasite. That response produces proteins called cytokines, which have the perverse effect of encouraging HIV to replicate. The increase in the numb
22、er of virus particles is transient, and may do little harm to the individuals own long-term prospects, but it does make him(or her)more likely to pass the infection on during sex. Conversely, the damage HIV does to the immune system means that the malarial parasite can more easily breed unchecked. T
23、hat means people are more susceptible to infection in the first place, and that more parasites are available to be transmitted from person to person by the mosquitoes that spread them. Dr. Abu-Raddad and his colleagues looked at past studies and came up with a set of numbers that can be plugged into
24、 a mathematical model they have developed of how, based on other papers, they think the diseases interact. They then applied the model to Kisumu, a part of Kenya that has a high prevalence of both diseases. The model suggests the peak of the HIV epidemic in Kisumu is 8% higher than what it would hav
25、e been if there were no interaction between the diseases, while the peak level of malaria is 13% higher. Moreover, and in contrast to tuberculosis, where the peak lags seven years behind that of HIV, malaria peaked only one year after the peak of the HIV epidemic. 6 What can we know from the first p
26、aragraph? （ A） AIDS is the direct cause that leads to peoples death. （ B） Individuals infected AIDS cant fight off other viruses normally. （ C） Those who catch tuberculosis have a high possibility of HIV infection. （ D） AIDS is often caused by tuberculosis virus. 7 What is the possible relationship
27、between AIDS and malaria? （ A） AIDS, in some way, may reduce the possibility of malaria infection. （ B） Malaria has a vital influence on AIDS-infected individuals. （ C） They are interactive with each other. （ D） AIDS can increase the malaria parasite in the individuals blood. 8 Malaria may increase
28、the number of virus particles in the blood of individuals with HIV, because_. （ A） mosquitoes in the surroundings would transmit the virus from person to person （ B） the damage to the immune system causes the blood susceptible to HIV virus （ C） the response of immune system to malarial parasite may
29、produce cytokines which may encourage HIV to replicate （ D） malaria has a special trait to encourage HIV to breed quickly in the body 9 What can be inferred from the passage? （ A） AIDS may be most prevalent in African countries. （ B） The mosquito is a main means of malarial parasite transmission. （
30、C） Interaction between diseases can cause a negative effect. （ D） The mathematical model is only a hypothesis till now. 10 What would be the best title for the passage? （ A） A Mathematical Model for AIDS （ B） The Global Fund to Fight Diseases （ C） Three Hard Diseases Troubling the World （ D） AIDS an
31、d Malaria A Vicious Circle 10 Reducing calories by 30 percent appears to slow the rate of aging in monkeys, providing new evidence that humans might live longer by eating less. A study by the National Institutes of Health using about 200 monkeys has shown that a well-balanced diet that includes a sh
32、arp reduction in calories caused the animals to have a lower body temperature, a slower metabolism(新陈代谢 )and fewer changes in the biochemical markers for aging. “This shows that what has been demonstrated in mice also can apply in primates(灵长类动物 ),“ said Dr. George Roth, a scientist at the gerontolo
33、gy research center of the National Institute on Aging. “We have known for 70 years that if you feed laboratory mice less food, they age slower, they live longer and they get diseases less frequently, “ he said. “We find that monkey respond in the same way as rodents and that the same biological chan
34、ges may be in play here. “ Joseph Kemnitz, a researcher at the primate center at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, said that changing the diets of monkeys in his laboratory had had similar effects but that the study was not finished. “The findings to date from several labs do suggest that the
35、intervention has beneficial effects on health and on reducing age-related diseases and may ultimately extend the life span for primates, “ he said. Dr. Barbara Hansen of the obesity and diabetes research center at the University of Maryland in Baltimore said that her laboratory had been studying the
36、 effects of dietary restriction on the life span of rhesus monkeys(猕猴 )for almost 15 years and that the results to date had shown that the monkeys have less illness and obesity. She said it would take at least 10 years to prove that reducing calories extends life. Dr. Hansen said that half of the mo
37、nkeys on unrestricted diets died prematurely, while only 12.5 percent of those on calorie-restricted died at an early age. Restricting calories, she said, reduced the rates of cancer, heart disease and diabetes in the test animals. Monkeys in the study may live three decades or longer, and a complet
38、e test of the hypothesis would require a full monkey lifetime, Dr. Hansen said. In the N. I. H. study, Dr. Roth said, monkeys adapted to restricted calories by dropping their temperature by about one degree and slowing the metabolic demands of the body. Dr. Roth said other biochemical measurements a
39、lso showed that eating less was healthy for the monkeys. “We have monkeys of all different ages, and those on caloric restrict all showed the same drop in temperature along with the other beneficial effects,“ he said. The study is continuing and involves 200 monkeys. Dr. Roth said that the diets of
40、the monkeys included all of the required vitamins and other nutrients but that half of the monkeys received about 30 percent fewer calories than a control group. 11 The significance of the findings in the study on monkeys is that_. （ A） animals temperature is lower than that of humans （ B） eating le
41、ss may extend humans life （ C） diet with low calories can keep peoples metabolism quick （ D） a low body temperature is good for peoples health 12 What could be the possible meaning of “ rodent“(Line 5 , Para. 2)? （ A） A kind of animal which can take snakes as an example. （ B） A general title for all
42、 animals in experiments. （ C） Any of various mammals such as a mouse. （ D） A collective name for animals like monkeys and apes. 13 From the passage, we can learn that_. （ A） the effect calorie reduction has on monkeys is still not obvious at all （ B） the monkey is a new experiment subject for animal
43、 scientists （ C） calorie is a harmful substance as far as health is concerned （ D） the consensus of the opinion on calorie reduction good to health has been almost reached 14 Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? （ A） Monkeys die at an early age, which is disadvantageous for exper
44、iments. （ B） The metabolic process can be influenced by calories in ones body. （ C） Monkeys living in nature would live longer than in the laboratory. （ D） Monkeys at different ages may have varied responds to calorie reduction. 15 The passage is most probably written for_. （ A） scientists who are i
45、nterested in aging process （ B） doctors specializing in age-related diseases （ C） ordinary readers interested in scientific discovery （ D） old people who are afraid of getting aged 15 Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people ar
46、e happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way may be a universe sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the un
47、iversal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in a people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In a classic research Paul Ekman too
48、k photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Gui
49、nea highlands. All groups including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions. The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report the multiple emotions that were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two
