1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 106及答案与解析 Section C 0 Ive been writing for most of my life. The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously. The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind. While you need to
2、employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so. Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your
3、 grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting (稍纵即逝的 )thought, the thought will die. If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand. You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for th
4、inking that it is. The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.“ In free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15-20 minutes. No stopping, no going back, no criticizing. The goal is
5、to get the words flowing. As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come out from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen. Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that youve persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly.
6、Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the page as the deadline draws near. Instead of staring at a blank screen start filling it with words no matter how bad. Halfway through your available time, stop and rework your
7、 raw writing into something closer to finished product. Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices. 1 When the author says the creative mind and the critical mind “cannot work in parallel“ (Line 3, Para. 1in the writi
8、ng process, he means_. （ A） no one can be both creative and critical （ B） they cannot be regarded as equally important （ C） they are in constant conflict with each other （ D） one cannot use them at the same time 2 What prevents people from writing on is_. （ A） putting their ideas in raw form （ B） at
9、tempting to edit as they write （ C） ignoring grammatical soundness （ D） trying to capture fleeting thoughts 3 What is the chief objective of the first stage of writing? （ A） To organize ones thoughts logically. （ B） To choose an appropriate topic. （ C） To get ones ideas down. （ D） To collect raw mat
10、erials. 4 One common concern of writers about “free writing“ is that_. （ A） it over stresses the role of the creative mind （ B） it takes too much time to edit afterwards （ C） it may bring about too much criticism （ D） it does not help them to think clearly 5 In what way does the critical mind help t
11、he writer in the writing process? （ A） It refines his writing into better shape. （ B） It helps him to come up with new ideas. （ C） It saves the writing time available to him. （ D） It allows him to sit on the side and observe. 5 Reaching new peaks of popularity in North America is Iceberg Water, whic
12、h is harvested from icebergs off the coast of Newfound land, Canada. Arthur von Wiesenberger, who carries the title Water Master, is one of the few water critics in North America. As a boy, he spent time in the larger cities of Italy, France and Switzerland, where bottled water is consumed daily. Ev
13、en then, he kept a water journal, noting the brands he liked best. “My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water,“ he says. But is plain tap water all that bad? Not at all. In fact, New Yorks municipal water for more than a century was called the champagne of tap water and until re
14、cently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity. Similarly, a magazine in England found that tap water from the Thames River tasted better than several leading brands of bottled water that were 400 times more expensive. Nevertheless, soft-drink companies view bottled
15、water as the next battle-ground for market share this despite the fact that over 25 percent of bottled water comes from tap water: PepsiCos Aquafina and Coca-Colas Dasani are both purified tap water rather than spring water. As diners thirst for leading brands, bottlers and restaurateurs salivate (垂
16、涎 )over the profits. A restaurants typical mark-up on wine is 100 to 150 percent, whereas on bottled water its often 300 to 500 percent. But since water is much cheaper than wine, and many of the fancier brands arent available in stores, most diners dont notice or care. As a result, some restaurants
17、 are turning up the pressure to sell bottled water. According to an article in The Wall Street Journal, some of the more shameless tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell, listing brands on the menu without prices, and pouring bottled water without even asking the d
18、iners if they want it. Regardless of how its sold, the popularity of bottled water taps into our desire for better health, our wish to appear cultivated, and even a longing for lost purity. 6 What do we know about Iceberg Water from the passage? （ A） It is a kind of iced water. （ B） It is just plain
19、 tap water. （ C） It is a kind of bottled water. （ D） It is a kind of mineral water. 7 By saying “My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water“ (Lines 3-4, Para. 2, von Wiesenberger wants to convey the message that_. （ A） plain tap water is certainly unfit for drinking （ B） bottled
20、water is clearly superior to tap water （ C） bottled water often appeals more to dogs taste （ D） dogs can usually detect a fine difference in taste 8 The “fancier brands“(Line 3, Para. 5refers to_. （ A） tap water from the Thames River （ B） famous wines not sold in ordinary stores （ C） PepsiCos Aquafi
21、na and Coca-Colas Dasani （ D） expensive bottled water with impressive names 9 Why are some restaurants turning up the pressure to sell bottled water? （ A） Bottled water brings in huge profits. （ B） Competition from the wine industry is intense. （ C） Most diners find bottled water affordable. （ D） Bo
22、ttled water satisfies diners desire to be fashionable. 10 According to the passage, why is bottled water so popular? （ A） It is much cheaper than wine. （ B） It is considered healthier. （ C） It appeals to more cultivated people. （ D） It is more widely promoted in the market. Passage 8 10 As we have s
23、een, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise. The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Ima
24、gine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious (有营养的 )foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pain
25、s or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. This person is not ill. He may not even be at risk for any particular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier. The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “no
26、t ill“ and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the bodys special needs. Both types have simply been called “well“. In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms “well“ and “wellness“ only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improv
27、e their health. People who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise, and they make a point of monitoring their bodys condition. Most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health. Even people who have a physical disease or handic
28、ap (缺陷 )may be “well“, in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. “Wellness“ may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are
29、likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life. 11 Today medical care is placing more stress on_. （
30、 A） keeping people in a healthy physical condition （ B） monitoring patients body functions （ C） removing peoples bad living habits （ D） ensuring peoples psychological well-being 12 In the first paragraph, people are reminded that_. （ A） good health is more than not being ill （ B） drinking,even if no
31、t to excess, could be harmful （ C） regular health checks are essential to keeping fit （ D） prevention is more difficult than cure 13 Traditionally, a person is considered “well“ if he_. （ A） does not have any unhealthy living habits （ B） does not have any physical handicaps （ C） is able to handle hi
32、s daily routines （ D） is free from any kind of disease 14 According to the author, the true meaning of “wellness“ is for people_. （ A） to best satisfy their bodys special needs （ B） to strive to maintain the best possible health （ C） to meet the strictest standards of bodily health （ D） to keep a pr
33、oper balance between work and leisure 15 According to what the author advocates, which of the following groups of people would be considered healthy? （ A） People who have strong muscles as well as slim figures. （ B） People who are not presently experiencing any symptoms of disease. （ C） People who t
34、ry to be as healthy as possible, regardless of their limitations （ D） People who can recover from illness even without seeking medical care. Passage 9 15 Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. The first study to compare honesty across a range of communic
35、ations media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. The fact that emails are automatically recorded and can come back to haunt (IS ife)you appears to be the key to the finding. Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked
36、 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies mad
37、e up 14 per cent of emails, 21 per cent of instant messages, 27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 per cent of phone calls. His results, to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. Some expected
38、emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment(非直接接触 )of emailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practised at that form of communication. But Hancock says it
39、is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone. People
40、are also more likely to lie in real time in an instant message or phone call, say than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He found many lies are spontaneous (脱口而出的 )responses to an unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like my dress?“ Hancock hopes his research will help companies
41、 work out the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But given his results, work assessment, where honest is a priority, might be best done using email. 16 Hancocks study focuses on
42、_. （ A） the consequences of lying in various communications media （ B） the success of communications technologies in conveying ideas （ C） peoples preferences in selecting communications technologies （ D） peoples honesty levels across a range of communications media 17 Hancocks research finding surpr
43、ised those who believed that_. （ A） people are less likely to lie in instant messages （ B） people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions （ C） people are most likely to lie in email communication （ D） people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations 18 According to the passage, why
44、are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication? （ A） They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies. （ B） They believe that honesty is the best policy. （ C） They tend to be relaxed when using those media. （ D） They are most practised at those forms of communi
45、cation. 19 According to Hancock, the telephone is a preferable medium for promoting sales because_. （ A） salesmen can talk directly to their customers （ B） salesmen may feel less restrained to exaggerate （ C） salesmen can impress customers as being trustworthy （ D） salesmen may pass on instant messa
46、ges effectively 20 It can be inferred from the passage that_. （ A） honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communications （ B） more employers will use emails to communicate with their employees （ C） suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposes （ D） email is now the domi
47、nant medium of communication within a company Passage 10 20 Speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is in for an unwelcome surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobiliser(锁止器 ), and a radio signal from a control centre miles away will ensure that once th
48、e thief switches the engine off, he will not be able to start it again. The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the car contains a mini-cellphone, a micro-processor and memory, and a GPS(全球定位系统 )satellite positioning receiver. If the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the con
49、trol centre to block the vehicles engine management system and prevent the engine being restarted. In the UK, a set of technical fixes is already making life harder for car thieves. “The pattern of vehicle crime has changed,“ says Martyn Randall, a security expert. He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. But only if the car is more than 10 years old. Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engin
