1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 119及答案与解析 Section C 0 On the day the Daily Express announces: “The secret to why humans grow old has been discovered by scientists in Britain, paving the way towards radical new treatments for age-related diseases. “ We know theres a growing demand for higher education from older
2、learners: the most recent Universities and Colleges Admissions Service figures showed a 63.4% increase in the number of mature applicants for undergraduate courses. Of course, its the baby boomers. Now hitting old age, they are determined to enjoy the pleasures maturity has to offer. The report comi
3、ng from Universities UK, talks of unlocking mental capital, promoting well-being and preparing people for the “probable two decades“ theyll have after retiring. Learning is a popular leisure pursuit for those who have escaped the office, though heaven knows its tough to find a college still offering
4、 adult education classes these days. Chief executive of Universities UK, Nicola Dandridge, says the idea that people stop making a useful contribution to society when they reach the age of 60 is outdated. “We are facing a situation where older people are living longer and healthier lives and have, a
5、s a consequence, a huge amount to contribute. Universities have a significant part to play in developing that contribution,“ she says. But hang about. Arent universities in the grip of a funding crisis? There are some who might argue that the baby-boomers have had their chance theyve been to univers
6、ity and they didnt even have to pay for it. David Willetts, the Tories resident egghead certainly thinks baby boomers can be held responsible for nicking their kids future. “Of course, proposals to support older people into universities must be considered in light of the current funding climate faci
7、ng the sector,“ says Dandridge. She has a point. We recall the remarkable Bernard Herzberg, a refugee from Nazi Germany, who died in 2007 while putting the final touches to his second MA degree. He became the worlds oldest graduate at age 90 when he completed a BA degree in German literature at Lond
8、on University in 2000. But in these straightened times, can universities afford to priorities for the mental stimulation and well-being of older people? 1 From the Daily Expresss announcement, we can see that_. （ A） the whole text is mainly about why humans grow old （ B） the discovery provides a bra
9、nd-new way to cure age-related diseases （ C） it is a tendency to apply for some continuing education （ D） scientists have found an effective way to treat various diseases 2 What does Nicola Dandridge think of the ideas of fewer contributions of older people? （ A） Correct. （ B） Practical. （ C） Constr
10、uctive. （ D） Out-of-date. 3 What is the implication of David Willetts words? （ A） Governments should provide all expenses for older peoples education. （ B） He doesnt support older people in entering universities for lifelong education. （ C） Baby boomers will destroy their childrens future. （ D） Most
11、 universities have serious funding crisis. 4 The example of Bernard Herzberg mentioned by Dandridge is to tell us_. （ A） she hopes good conditions can be provided for the old by universities nowadays （ B） how great and difficult Bernard Herzberg is to achieve higher education （ C） Nazi Germany shoul
12、d take responsibility for refugees at the time （ D） universities can provide priorities for older people for continuing education 5 The main point of the passage is that_. （ A） the baby boomers are coming to campus at an advanced age （ B） universities should provide more chances for the baby boomers
13、 （ C） scientists have found the secret why humans grow old （ D） there is a trend towards carrying out lifelong education all over the world 5 Schools looking to ban cell phones may have a new excuse: a growing number of people are developing an allergy to metal in the devices. We all know that food
14、allergies are on the rise a study last year showed the rate at 1 per 70 children, compared with 1 in 250 in the 1970s. But at last months meeting of the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, allergists reported that many substances that once seemed innocuous(无害的 )are now leading to aller
15、gic reactions, too. Allergies can develop when young bodies come into contact with a new substance, and an increasing number of kids have early exposure to tech tools and “adult“ products that can lead to a lifetime of reactions. For instance, the nickel hardware often used on phone trim and facepla
16、tes can lead to red, itchy skin where the phone is pressed against the face of someone who developed a nickel allergy at a young age. Its especially problematic for women, says Luz Fonacier, an allergist who attended the conference. Young girls are often first exposed to nickel when they get their e
17、ars pierced, and therefore are more likely to develop sensitivity to the metal that can cause allergic reactions later on. Temporary tattoos could be another allergy trigger. They share a pigment(色素 )used in hair dyes, which can lead to problems down the line. “You might have kids developing the sen
18、sitivity now, and then finding out only when theyre much older and decide to dye their hair, then have an attack,“ says Fonacier. Foods that were once considered low risk, like pumpkin, are now causing some allergic reactions, too. So whats behind all these newfangled allergens(过敏原 )? Some researche
19、rs believe that as humans live in cleaner, safer and more disease-free environments, the immune system given less to do thanks to antibiotics and Clorox(次氯酸钠 ) turns on substances once considered safe. Others note that children are being exposed to more and more new foods and foreign substances at e
20、arlier ages, which could up the chances of developing sensitivity. To be safe, Fonacier recommends that children avoid piercing until after age 10. And its all just another reason to keep those cell phones and temporary tattoos away from young hands. 6 What leads to allergy being more serious now th
21、an before? （ A） People have an allergy to metal in certain devices now. （ B） Many substances once thought harmless are now causing allergies. （ C） The items of food causing allergies are on the rise. （ D） The cell phone can make the users face red and itchy. 7 A person might develop a nickel allergy
22、 when_. （ A） he uses the cell phone against his face closely （ B） he eats food such as pumpkin and apples （ C） he wears his necklace every day （ D） he dyes his hair in a barber shop 8 Why can the temporary tattoo cause allergies? （ A） It is related to dying hair in a barbershop. （ B） It will make pe
23、oples skin itchy and red. （ C） It will make people allergic when they dye the hair. （ D） It uses a kind of pigment which can cause allergies. 9 It is believed that in cleaner and safer environments the immune system will_. （ A） not work because of diseases （ B） rely on antibiotics and Clorox （ C） ha
24、ve a weak response to certain substances （ D） function more efficiently and quickly 10 In order to be safe from an allergy, the children should avoid_. （ A） piercing their ears before 10 years old （ B） answering fixed telephones （ C） living in safer environments （ D） eating local foods in their dail
25、y life 10 Quitting smoking is hard enough on its own, but studies show the challenge is even greater if you suffer from a mental illness which is why many treatment facilities still allow patients to smoke, even encouraging the habit by using cigarettes as a reward for tests or therapies. According
26、to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC), around 31% of cigarettes in the US are smoked by people with mental illness. And the New York Times details the long-standing tradition of smoking in mental health facilities, along with the growing controversy triggered by administrators attem
27、pts to now change course and ban cigarettes. People with mental illness are 70% more likely to smoke than those who are not mentally ill and at least 50% less likely to quit successfully. This includes people with depression and anxiety disorders as well as those with schizophrenia(精神分裂症 )and bipola
28、r disorder(躁郁症 ). The more disabling the mental illness is, the higher the smoking rates are, with about 88% of people with schizophrenia being regular smokers. Those who run psychiatric hospitals and other facilities for the mentally ill are familiar with the high rate of lighting up among their pa
29、tients, and there is even evidence explaining why smoking is so appealing to those with mental illness. Research shows that nicotine can have antidepressant and antipsychotic effects and advocates for the mentally ill also maintained that it would be cruel to deprive patients of one of the few pleas
30、ures they enjoyed while hospitalized. So despite the known health hazards of smoking, including the risk of heart disease, stroke and lung cancer, administrators accepted the habit as a necessary evil, often turning a blind eye to health risks in favor of the more immediate benefit of having patient
31、s comply with treatments. National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors showed patients in these facilities are dying on average 25 years sooner than the general population, many from smoking-related diseases. That trend is prompting administrators to re-evaluate their smoking polici
32、es, with many hospitals trying to ban or at least rein in smoking. 11 Whats the meaning of “the challenge“(Line 1, Para. 1)? （ A） Quitting smoking. （ B） Complying with the regulations. （ C） Encouraging the smoking habit. （ D） Suffering from a mental illness. 12 According to the New York Times,_. （ A
33、） every person with mental illness has the habit of smoking （ B） smoking in mental health facilities is a long-term tradition （ C） considering patients health, administrators will ban cigarettes （ D） administrators regard smoking as a reward for therapies 13 Why do many administrators accept patient
34、s smoking habit as a necessary evil? （ A） Smoking is one of their pleasures. （ B） Smoking can reduce the risk of heart disease. （ C） Cigarettes have antidepressant and antipsychotic effects. （ D） Cigarettes are so appealing to those with mental illness. 14 What is prompting administrators to re-eval
35、uate their smoking policies? （ A） Many hospitals are trying to ban or at least rein in smoking. （ B） Many patients with mental illness are dying from smoking-related diseases. （ C） Many administrators encourage patients to comply with treatments. （ D） Many administrators deprive patients of one of t
36、he few pleasures. 15 What is the best title of this passage? （ A） Should Mentally Ill Patients Be Allowed to Smoke? （ B） The Health Hazards of Smoking （ C） The Trend in Mental Health Facilities （ D） The Smoking-related Diseases 15 Beginning in the 1950s and 1960s, Japan began developing a reputation
37、 for its longevity. By the 1970s, the Japanese were the longest lived of any population in the world. Although genetic predispositions and cultural factors like diet certainly contributed to the long life span of the Japanese, it was the countrys kaihoken, or universal health care, that was largely
38、responsible for boosting quality of life and increasing the countrys life expectancy. In recognition of 50 years of kaihoken, the medical journal Lancet recently published a special issue exploring Japanese longevity. Unfortunately, its not all good news. Even though Japan continues to have the high
39、est life expectancy in the world, it is on track to be outpaced by other long-lived countries, like Sweden, Italy and Australia. Researchers believe that relatively high rates of tobacco use, changes in diet that have raised body-mass index, and the rising rate of suicide are contributing to Japans
40、slowing declines in rates of adult mortality(死亡率 ). “If recent trends continue, other nations are likely to achieve lower rates of adult mortality than Japan,“ said Professor Christopher Murray of the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle. He added that Japan
41、s universal health care system may not be sufficiently nimble enough to address mounting 21st-century health problems. “In an era of economic stagnation, political turmoil(混乱 ), aging populations and inadequate tobacco control, Japan does not seem to be effective in addressing its new set of health
42、challenges. It will take more than universal access to a low-spending, high-volume health system to tackle these challenges. “ Physical illness is not the only drag on the countrys life expectancy: more than 30 000 Japanese people take their own lives each year, perhaps the continuing aftereffect of
43、 the 1997 financial crisis. Still, the biggest health challenge facing the Japanese is related to lifestyle factors like cigarette smoking, obesity and uncontrolled blood pressure all of which contribute to chronic health problems that tax the public health care system. That system is already strain
44、ed by the demands of an aging populace(AP)and by injuries associated with recent natural disasters. 16 By the 1970s, Japan had the highest life expectancy mainly because the Japanese_. （ A） possessed exceptional genes for longevity （ B） benefited from the universal health care system （ C） were more
45、careful with the quality of life （ D） paid great attention to diets and physical health 17 What do we know about Japans life expectancy according to the second paragraph? （ A） Some negative factors begin to affect it. （ B） It has been outpaced by other countries. （ C） Higher rates of tobacco use thr
46、eaten it most. （ D） It always goes down with the financial crisis. 18 According to Christopher Murray, Japans universal health care system_. （ A） can help solve most health problems facing Japan in the future （ B） should be completely replaced by a new set of system as soon as possible （ C） may not
47、be effective enough to tackle new challenges in this century （ D） has to obtain more financial support from the government 19 What poses the greatest challenge to the Japanese health? （ A） The ongoing aftereffect of the 1997 financial crisis. （ B） The high rates of committing suicide. （ C） The bad l
48、ifestyle leading to chronic health problems. （ D） The frequent occurrence of natural disasters. 20 According to the third paragraph, the authors attitude to Japans public health care system is_. （ A） optimistic （ B） indifferent （ C） ironic （ D） concerned 大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 119答案与解析 Section C 【知识模块】
49、篇章阅读 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节辨认题。由定位句可知，英国科学家已发现人类为何衰老的秘密，这一发现为治愈与年龄相关的疾病铺平了道路，故正确答案为 B)。 【知识模块】 篇章阅读 2 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 观点态度题。由定位句可知， Nicola Dandridge认为，那些认为人们到了 60岁就不能为社会作贡献的想法已经过时，故正确答案为 D)。 【知识模块】 篇章阅读 3 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 推理判断题。由定位句可知， David Willetts想当然地认为婴儿潮一代人应该为其损害他们孩子的未来承担责任，由此可知他对老年人接受终身教育持否定态度，故正确答案为 B)。 【知识模块】 篇章阅读 4 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 细节辨认题。由定位句可知，文章以 Bernard Herzberg经历过如此艰难的岁月都不懈地完成了继续教育为例，反问在和平年代，大学是否有能力优先为老年人提供精神鼓舞和福利，故正确答案为 A)。 【知识模块】 篇章阅读 5 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 主旨大意题。本文的核心就是婴 儿潮一代人，本文指出婴儿潮一代
