1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 155及答案与解析 Section C 0 In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like “serious illness of a family member“ were high on the li
2、st, but so were some positive life-changing events, like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stress it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects you
3、r chances of staying healthy. By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow, the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Womens magazines ran headlines like “Stress cau
4、ses illness! “ If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events. But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are dangerous, many like the death of a loved one are impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all st
5、ressful events is a prescription(处方 ) for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move. The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot o
6、f what we know about people. It assumes were all vulnerable (脆弱的 ) and passive in the face of adversity (逆境 ). But what about human initiative and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or
7、 challenge can lead to boredom, and physical and mental strain. 1 The result of Holmes-Rahes medical research tells us _. （ A） the way you handle major events may cause stress （ B） what should be done to avoid stress （ C） what kind of event would cause stress （ D） how to cope with sudden changes in
8、life 2 The studies on stress in the early 1970s led to _. （ A） widespread concern over its harmful effects （ B） great panic over the mental disorder it could cause （ C） an intensive research into stress-related illnesses （ D） popular avoidance of stressful jobs 3 The score of the Holmes-Rahe test sh
9、ows_. （ A） how much pressure you are under （ B） how positive events can change your life （ C） how stressful a major event can be （ D） how you can deal with life-changing events 4 Why is “such simplistic advice“ (Line 1, Para. 3) impossible to follow? （ A） No one can stay on the same job for long. （
10、B） No prescription is effective in relieving stress. （ C） People have to get married someday. （ D） You could be missing opportunities as well. 5 According to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become _. （ A） nervous when faced with difficulties （ B） physically and mentally str
11、ained （ C） more capable of coping with adversity （ D） indifferent toward what happens to them 5 Taste is such a subjective matter that we dont usually conduct preference tests for food. The most you can say about anyones preference, is that its one persons opinion. But because the two big cola (可乐 )
12、 companies Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola are marketed so aggressively, weve wondered how big a role taste preference actually plays in brand loyalty. We set up a taste test that challenged people who identified themselves as either Coca-Cola or Pepsi fans: Find your brand in a blind tasting. We invited s
13、taff volunteers who had a strong liking for either Coca-Cola Classic (传统型 ) or Pepsi, Diet (低糖的 ) Coke, or Diet Pepsi. These were people who thought theyd have no trouble telling their brand from the other brand. We eventually located 19 regular cola drinkers and 27 diet cola drinkers. Then we fed t
14、hem four unidentified samples of cola one at a time, regular colas for the one group, diet versions for the other. We asked them to tell us whether each sample was Coke or Pepsi; then we analyzed the records statistically to compare the participants choices with what mere guess-work could have accom
15、plished. Getting all four samples right was a tough test, but not too tough, we thought, for people who believed they could recognize their brand. In the end, only 7 out of 19 regular cola drinkers correctly identified their brand of choice in all four trials. The diet-cola drinkers did a little wor
16、se only 7 of 27 identified all four samples correctly. While both groups did better than chance would predict, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times. Two people go all four samples wrong. Overall, half the participants did about as well on the last round
17、of tasting as on the first, so fatigue, or taste burnout, was not a factor. Our preference test results suggest that only a few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and price. 6 According to the passage the preference test was conducted in order t
18、o _. （ A） find out the role taste preference plays in a persons drinking （ B） reveal which cola is more to the liking of the drinkers （ C） show that a persons opinion about taste is mere guess-work （ D） compare the ability of the participants in choosing their drinks 7 The statistics recorded in the
19、 preference tests show _. （ A） Coca-Cola and Pepsi are peoples two most favorite drinks （ B） there is not much difference in taste between Coca-Cola and Pepsi （ C） few people had trouble telling Coca-Cola from Pepsi （ D） peoples tastes differ from one another 8 It is implied in the first paragraph t
20、hat _. （ A） the purpose of taste tests is to promote the sale of colas （ B） the improvement of quality is the chief concern of the two cola companies （ C） the competition between the two colas is very strong （ D） blind tasting is necessary for identifying fans 9 The word “burnout“ (line 3, Para. 5)
21、here refers to the state of_. （ A） being seriously burnt in the skin （ B） being unable to burn for lack of fuel （ C） being badly damaged by fire （ D） being unable to function because of excessive use 10 The authors purpose in writing this passage is to _. （ A） show that taste preference is highly su
22、bjective （ B） argue that taste testing is an important marketing strategy （ C） emphasize that taste and price are closely related to each other （ D） recommend that blind tasting be introduced in the quality control of colas 10 For the employee, being placed in a position that is comfortable and meet
23、s expectations will make the job less stressful and allow a more positive outlook toward responsibilities. It beats the alternative, as going to a job that you are unhappy with could lead to fatigue, burn out, depression and stress. This affects more than just your 9-to-5 routineit can hurt your fam
24、ily relationships, diminish friendships, and even make you turn to addictive and destructive behaviors like alcohol or drugs. The US Department of Labor suggests that jobseekers prepare for an employment search by understanding themselves and being honest about what they want and expect. Make a list
25、 of things you like to do, examine your history and evaluate the jobs and classes you enjoyed the most and why, look over your resume and see what duties your past jobs included, and be honest about what is appealing to you about the particular position you are considering. “I do believe that unders
26、tanding yourself and your personality type preferences can make all the difference when it comes to finding a career that you love,“ says Roberts, a certified career management coach with CareerMasters in Maine. The Labor Department offers several simplified recommendations created for high school s
27、tudents: If you are good at math, then look toward occupations like statistician, engineer, surveyor or actuary (保险精算师 ). If you love to read or write, consider becoming a librarian, desktop publisher, writer or administrative assistant. Music and arts lovers should look into acting, visual arts, mu
28、sic or design work. Students who enjoyed social studies can become politicians, urban planners, historians or human resource assistants. Other considerations that might be significant: Do you enjoy helping people, working with your hands, or interacting with nature? Is it your preference to work alo
29、ne or in a group? Employees who are unhappy with their current positions, dont like their work environment, feel underappreciated, or believe there is no room for advancement, owe it to themselves to consider whether changing careers is a practical alternative. “Looking back and analyzing their curr
30、ent situation and the career path they have followed is essential to making good career decisions in the future,“ Roberts explains. 11 According to the second paragraph, “the alternative“ most probably refers to _. （ A） encouraging the employee by means of promotion （ B） giving the employee chances
31、for further studies （ C） placing the employee in an unhappy position （ D） criticizing the employee without reason 12 What do we know about Roberts? （ A） He has got a masters degree in career management. （ B） He works for the US Department of Labor. （ C） He helps jobseekers with practical guidance. （
32、 D） He has earned a good name for his outstanding work. 13 The Labor Department suggests that, when high school students are looking for a job, they should first _, （ A） prepare an impressive resume （ B） examine their past occupations （ C） have some working experience （ D） consider their own prefere
33、nce 14 As it is mentioned in the passage, when one is unhappy with his current position, he had better _. （ A） consult a career management coach （ B） think over the feasibility of changing career （ C） switch to a more promising job immediately （ D） look back on the past career path 15 The passage is
34、 most probably intended for_. （ A） jobseekers （ B） employers （ C） recent graduates （ D） tired employees 15 As medical evidence mounts that we are indeed what we eat, consuming a healthier diet has become almost a national passion in the United States. The food-for-fitness phenomenon began in the lat
35、e 70s when a U.S. Senate committee on nutrition reached grim conclusion that six out of the ten leading causes of death such as heart disease, cancer, and stroke might be linked to diet. The government issued dietary guidelines advising Americans to eat a variety of foods, maintain proper weight, an
36、d limit intake of fat, salt, sugar, and alcohol. For most Americans, what to eat is a matter of personal choice, rather than one of supply. An excellent nationwide food distribution system assures that fresh produce is readily available in all parts of the country, regardless of the season. Taking a
37、dvantage of this abundance, many people are forsaking traditional meat-and-potatoes and in favor of lighter meals of salads, fruits, and vegetables. The single most dramatic change in the American diet has been a reduction in consumption of animal fat, which is thought to increase the risk of heart
38、disease and may contribute to the high U.S. incidence of breast and colon cancer. Margarine and vegetable oils have replace butter and lard in many homes, and half of all milk now drunk in the United States is low-fat. Fish and poultry are increasingly popular sources of protein as consumption of re
39、d meat declines. The food industry has responded to concern about fat by producing leaner cuts of meat and cholesterol-free substitutes for eggs. One of the most significant trends in the American way of eating is the healthful change in restaurant food. “One of every two meals in the United States
40、is eaten outside the home,“ says Donna Watson, President of the American Dietetic Association. “Restaurants are making special efforts to provide low-fat, low-salt, and low-calorie items.“ Salad bars, loaded with fresh greens and raw fruits and vegetables, are found everywhere, even along-side the b
41、urgers and French fries in fast-food restaurants. Most important, the focus on prudent diet has led to an unprecedented national quest for a healthier life style. Americans are smoking less, exercising more, and experimenting with new ways to conquer stress. Eating sensibly, they have discovered, is
42、 only one important route to good health. 16 It is suggested in the dietary guidelines that_. （ A） six leading causes of death might be linked to diet （ B） fat and alcohol should be taken as little as possible （ C） eating diverse foods helps maintain proper weight （ D） sugar and salt should be taken
43、 in restricted amount 17 Many Americans no longer maintain the meat-and-potatoes diet because _. （ A） salads, fruits, and vegetables are more easily prepared （ B） there is a rich supply of diverse foods （ C） such diet is not as healthy as salads, fruits and vegetables （ D） diverse foods vary with se
44、asons 18 What can be a way to decrease the consumption of animal fat? （ A） Using less butter when cooking soup. （ B） Drinking more milk at breakfast. （ C） Eating more fish or poultry at dinner. （ D） Having two eggs at most daily. 19 What is the authors attitude towards restaurant food? （ A） Optimist
45、ic. （ B） Impersonal. （ C） Enthusiastic. （ D） Anxious. 20 A nationwide pursuit of a healthier life style began when the American realized_. （ A） the disadvantages of smoking （ B） the advantages of exercising （ C） the advantages of prudent diet （ D） the disadvantages of stress 大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟 试卷 155答
46、案与解析 Section C 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 1 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 事实细节题。根据文章的第 1句话可知，这两位科学家对造成人们压力的事件列了一个清单，故 C与此相符，为正确答案。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 2 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 事实细节题。根据文章第 2段第 2句 “millions of Americansworried over the reports ”可见此研究报告引起了 widespread concern，故选 A。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 3 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 事实细节题。根据第 1段第 4句中的 does not reflect
47、 ， it only shows 可知本题答案应为破折号后的内容，其中 how much指的是 how much stress，故可知 A为正确答案。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 4 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 推理判断题。这里的建议是指第 2段末尾提出的 “避免带来压力的事 ”。根据第 3段第 3句 “而且，警告人们远离压力，这个处方不仅使人避免麻烦，同时也使人放弃了机会 ”， 故选 D。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 5 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第 2句 “很多人经历一段时间的压力后，无论是身体还是精神都比原来更有活力 ”，故选 C。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 【知
48、识模块】 仔细阅读 6 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 第 1段第 3句提到，由于两大可乐公司的营销如此具有攻击性，我们不由想知道对味道的偏好在品牌忠诚度上起多大的作用， A与之相符。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 7 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第 4段第 2、 3句表明可口可乐和百事可乐在味道方面并无多大差异， B与之相符。 A、 D不是实验数据所表明的事情，故排除； C与原文的意思不相符，也排除。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 8 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 由第 1段第 3句中 Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola are marketed so aggressively可知两
49、大公司竞争极为激烈，故选 C。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 9 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 文章最后一段第 3句中， fatigue与 taste burn out之 间用 or连接，表明两者语义比较接近，对比四个选项， D符合，表示味觉疲劳、麻木。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 10 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 文章第 1句 Taste is suchfood 表明味觉偏好是十分主观的，且下文讲到的实验结果也更进一步印证了该观点，故选 A。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 11 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 alternative本意是 “另一个 (选择、方法等 )”，在本文中 alternative应该是指和第 2段第 1句开头的 It所 指相反的做法，根据上一段的内容可以推断It是指 “为雇员安排一个让他们开心的工作岗位 ”，因此， alternative这里就是指“给雇员安排的工作不能让他们感到开心 ”，即本句 as后所描述的内容， C是对该内容的同义改写，故为本题答案。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 12 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 第 4段
