1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 171及答案与解析 Section A 0 When you have to meet someone from a different culture, be prepared. If you understand cultural differences, youll be a better【 C1】 _ even before you open your mouth! In many Western cultures, men stand up before they are introduced to someone【 C2】_. Standing
2、 up shows politeness and respect After that, someone will usually offer to shake hands. But in the East,【 C3】 _introductions often begin and end with bowing rather than shaking hands. Now, lets look at the simple introduction of shaking hands. Americans like a【 C4】_handshake. But the French【 C5】 _a
3、light, short handshake. If you shake a Frenchmans hand the American way, he may think youre【 C6】 _. People in Eastern European countries and some Latino cultures prefer shorter handshakes, too. Hugging after shaking hands is also a common introduction. Dont be scared or【 C7】 _if you meet someone in
4、Brazil and he gives you a hug. If you【 C8】 _this gesture, your friendship may not start well! The proper customs for eye contact vary between cultures, too. Westerners appreciate regular eye contact during conversations. Refusing to look a Westerner in the eye may be understood as lack of trust, or
5、maybe【 C9】 _. But in some African countries, too much eye contact can offend or sometimes have romantic meanings. Some people in Middle Eastern countries may appear to have their eyes half-closed while talking to you. Although it might seem like theyre tired or bored, such behavior is normal and sho
6、uld not be taken【 C10】 _. A. therapy B. uncultured C. boredom D. thereby E. prefer F. firm G. misinterpret H. personally I. insignificant J. communicator K. important L. illustrate M. offended N. typical O. image 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4】 5 【 C5】 6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 Secti
7、on B 10 Seven Ways to Create a Happy Household A) Every family is different, with different personalities, customs, and ways of thinking, talking, and connecting to one another. There is no one “right“ kind of family. But whether parents are strict or tolerant, irritable or calm, home has to be a pl
8、ace of love, encouragement, and acceptance of their feelings and individuality for kids to feel emotionally safe and secure. It also has to be a source of donts and limits. Most of us want such an atmosphere to prevail in our homes, but with todays stresses this often seems harder and harder to achi
9、eve. From time to time it helps to take stock and think about the changes we could make to improve our homes emotional climate. Here are a few that will. 1. Watch What You Say B) How we talk to our children every day is part of the emotional atmosphere we weave. Besides giving them opportunities to
10、be open about how they feel, we have to watch what we say and how we say it. We often forget how much kids take parental criticisms to heart and how much these affect their feelings about themselves. Psychologist Martin Seligman found that when parents consistently blame kids in exaggerated ways, ch
11、ildren feel overly guilty and ashamed and withdraw emotionally. Look at the difference between “Roger, this room is always a pigsty! You are such a lazy boy! “ and “Roger, your room is a mess today! Before you go out to play, it has to be picked up.“ One way tells Roger he can never do anything righ
12、t. The other tells him exactly what to do to fix things so he can be back in his moms good graces and doesnt suggest he has a permanent character flaw. For criticism to be constructive for children, we have to cite causes that are specific and temporary. Another constructive way to criticize childre
13、n is to remind them of the impact their actions have on us. This promotes understanding rather than resentment. 2. Provide Order and Stability C) A predictable daily framework, clear and consistent rules, and an organized house make kids and parents more relaxed and comfortable, and that means every
14、one has emotional balance. When conflicts, tensions, or crises occur, the routine is a reassuring and familiar support, a reliable harbor of our lives that wont change. Think about your mornings. Do your kids go off to school feeling calm and confident? Or are they upset and ill-tempered? What about
15、 evenings and bedtime? Do you have angry fights over homework or how much TV children can watch? A calm bedtime routine is one good medicine for the dark fears that surface when kids are alone in bed with the lights turned out. Yet a routine thats too inflexible doesnt make room for kids individual
16、personalities, preferences, and characters. 3. Hold Family Meetings D) Time together is such a precious time in most households that many families, like the Martins, hold regular family meetings so everyone can air and resolve the weeks worries as well as share the good things that happened. When th
17、e Martins gather on Friday night, they also take the opportunity to anticipate whats scheduled for the week ahead. That way they eliminate (mostly! ) those last-minute anxieties over whether someone has soccer shoes for the first practice, the books for a report, or a ride to a music lesson. 4. Enco
18、urage Loving Feelings E) Everyday life is full of opportunities to establish loving connections with our kids. Researchers have found that parents who spend time playing, joking with, and sharing their own thoughts and feelings with their kids have children who are more friendly, generous, and lovin
19、g. After all, giving love fosters love, and what convinces our kids that we love them more than our willingness to spend time with them. Many parents say that often they feel most in tune emotionally with their kids when they just hang out together sprawling on the bed to watch TV, walking down the
20、block together to mail a letter, talking on long car rides when kids know they have a parents complete attention. At these times the hurt feelings and the secret fears are finally mentioned. Part of encouraging loving feelings is insisting that kids treat others, including siblings, with kindness, r
21、espect, and fairness at least some of the time. In one family, kids write on a chart in the kitchen at the end of each day the name of someone who did something nice for them. 5. Create Rituals F) Setting aside special times of the day or week to come together as a family gives children a sense of c
22、ontinuity that certain feelings stay the same even as the kids change and grow. For many families, like my friend Frances, that means regularly observing religious rituals. To her family, Sunday morning means going to Mass and having hot chocolate afterwards at the town cafe. Others create their own
23、 rituals to anchor the week Michaels family celebrates with a regular Scrabble and pizza party every Friday night; Dawns goes to the movies. Holiday rituals give children points in the year to look forward to. 6. Handle Challenges with Compassion G) Home life today is not always stable and secure. E
24、ven the best marriages have fights, economic difficulties, and emotional ups-and-downs. Parents divorce, stepfamilies form, and these changes challenge the most loving parents. But troubles are part of the human condition. Loving families dont ignore them they try to create a strong emotional climat
25、e despite them. In handling parental conflicts, for example, we can let kids know when everything has been resolved, as Denise and Peter did after a loud dispute in the kitchen during which voices were raised and tears flowed. After making up, they explained to their kids, “Sometimes we disagree and
26、 lose our tempers, too. But now weve worked it out. Were sorry that you heard our fight.“ 7. Schedule Parent-Only Time H) Parents are the ones who create a homes atmosphere. When were upset about how much money we owe, worried about downsizing at the company where we work, or angry at a spouse, that
27、 charges the emotional atmosphere in ways kids find threatening. As one friend said plaintively, “Parents need special time, too.“ Taking a long walk together to talk without our kids may go a long way to relieve worries and regular “parent-only“ dates help us reexperience the love that brought us t
28、ogether in the first place. 11 Kids wont feel scared in bed when lights are turned out, if they keep a calm mind before going to bed 12 When parents are upset, the homes atmosphere becomes threatening to the kids. 13 The best way to convince the kids of parents love is to spend more time with them.
29、14 It is harder and harder for us to achieve happy atmospheres in our homes because there is various pressure and strains in modern life. 15 Every Sunday morning, the Frances family goes to the church. 16 A well-organized home with predictable daily framework, clear and consistent rules guarantees t
30、hat the family members can have emotional balance. 17 Loving families try to create a strong emotional climate in spite of troubles. 18 Kids become guilty and ashamed if they are constantly criticized by exaggerated means. 19 It is often in the some casual time like a long car ride that the kids tel
31、l their hurt feeling and secret fears to parents. 20 In order to criticize kids constructively, we need to point out that their mistakes are occasional. Section C 20 What makes Americans spend nearly half their food dollars on meals away from home? The answers lie in the way Americans live today. Du
32、ring the first few decades of the twentieth century, canned and other convenience foods freed the family cook from full-time duty at the kitchen range. Then, in the 1940s, work in the wartime defense plants took more women out of the home than ever before, setting the pattern of the working wife and
33、 mother. Today about half of the countrys married women are employed outside the home. But, unless family members pitch in with food preparation, women are not fully liberated from that chore. Instead, many have become, in a sense, prisoners of the completely cooked convenience meals. It is easier t
34、o pick up a bucket of fried chicken on the way home from work or take the family out for pizzas or burgers than to start opening cans or heating up frozen dinners after a long, hard day. Also, the rising divorce rate means that there are more single working parents with children to feed. And many yo
35、ung adults and elderly people, as well as unmarried and divorced mature people, have been alone rather than as part of a family unit and dont want to bother cooking for one. Fast food is appealing because it is fast, it doesnt require any dressing up, it offers a “fun“ break in the daily routine, an
36、d the expense of money seems small. It can be eaten in the car sometimes picked up at a drive-in window without even getting out or on the run. Even if it is brought home to eat, there will never be any dirty dishes to wash because of the handy disposable wrappings. Children, especially, love fast f
37、ood because it is finger food, no struggling with knives and forks, no annoying instructions from adults about table manners. 21 Americans enjoy fast food now mainly because _. （ A） women are busy with their work （ B） there are more single-parent families （ C） it can be eaten in the car or on the ru
38、n （ D） it is time-saving and convenient 22 It can be inferred that children _. （ A） want to have more freedom at table （ B） never wash dishes after meal （ C） like using forks and knives while eating （ D） take eating time as a fun break 23 People who live alone prefer not to cook at home on the groun
39、d that _. （ A） they are too busy working to think of cooking （ B） they consider cooking for one person is too troublesome （ C） they think eating outside from time to time is enjoyable （ D） they want to share every meal with the friends 24 According to the passage, a drive-in window is _. （ A） a car
40、window from which you can see the driver （ B） a window in the restaurant from which you get your takeout in the car （ C） a place where you can buy unprepared food back home to cook （ D） an entrance where you return the used plates after eating 25 The expression “pitch in with“ (Line 2. Para. 2) prob
41、ably means _. （ A） complain （ B） enjoy （ C） help （ D） deny 25 Argentina (land of silver) was given its name by 16th-century explorers who believed the country was rich in silver mines. The hopes of the explorers soon vanished when they discovered that the beautiful silver ornaments (装饰品 ) worn by th
42、e Indians came from distant Peru. Though rich in many resources, the so-called land of silver proved relatively poor in minerals of any kind, but its descriptive name has endured. When people think of Argentina, the image that comes at once to mind is that of the Gaucho on his horse, riding across t
43、he treeless Pampa. The ability of the Gaucho to survive in a hostile land and his skill in mastering the horse and using the animal for his own purposes were extraordinary. Notable, too, were the Gauchos special features of character indifference to material possessions combined with a natural warmt
44、h and friendliness. The skull of a cow often served him as a chair, but his strong instinct for hospitality led him to offer a stranger his hut with all the expansiveness of a great gentleman opening his manor (庄园 ) house. Mounted on his horse, the Gaucho felt himself lord of the world, free to go i
45、n any direction he pleased without being subjected to the will of any other person. The Gaucho became characteristic of the Argentine people. If at first his name conveyed the idea of a tramp (流浪汉 ) or wild rustic (乡巴佬 ), it soon came to indicate his positive qualities his cleverness, fine horsemans
46、hip, bravery, loyalty, and generosity. The phrase “to be a gaucho“ or “to be very gaucho“ soon became phrases of good sense. Today the expression “to make a gauchada“ means that one does a favor through friendship, with no thought of personal gain. The influence of the Gaucho and the impact of his w
47、ay of life on the habits of future generations of Argentines cannot be overlooked. Many Argentine customs and traditions stem from the way of life of the people of the Pampa. 26 What can we know about the origin of Argentina from the first paragraph? （ A） The name was given because the land was rich
48、 in silver mines. （ B） The explorers gave the land this name by mistake. （ C） The explorers were disappointed with the poor resources in Argentina. （ D） When the land was discovered, Indians from Peru lived there. 27 A gaucho can be best described as _. （ A） a tramp （ B） a rustic （ C） a hunter （ D）
49、a cowboy 28 If you say “You are a real gaucho“ to an Argentine, he will most probably be _. （ A） pleased （ B） disappointed （ C） hurt （ D） amazed 29 “Pampa“ (Line 2, Para. 2) most closely refers to _. （ A） a city （ B） a mountain （ C） a river （ D） a grassland 30 What will the next paragraph most probably talk about? （ A） More details about the gaucho characters. （ B） Some interesting habits of the Argentines. （ C） Some customs and traditions originated by the gau
