1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 189及答案与解析 Section A 0 The Hakka people are seen as a united people in China This character is especially【 C1】 _among overseas Hakkas. They share their good and bad times together. This spirit of unity and cooperation is【 C2】 _in the culture of Hakka Earth Buildings. It was because
2、 when it was hard for individuals to survive on their own, people had to help each other and learn to unite and cooperate. Only in this way could they hope to【 C3】 _more. The design and【 C4】 _of Hakka Earth Buildings made it easy to pull together all the weaker forces and form one stronger force. Wi
3、th this stronger force, better results could be achieved in terms of developing business as well as improving living【 C5】 _. A Hakka Earth Building used to hold together the【 C6】 _interest of a family clan(家族 )or a whole village community. But now this fortress-like(城堡般的 )structure can no longer mee
4、t the needs of a【 C7】 _society. People have moved out. Hakka Earth Buildings have recorded a【 C8】 _of history as well as the life road of several generations of the Hakka people. For those later generations who have never lived and will never live in these earth buildings, they may well become a tou
5、rist【 C9】_in the villages. But the【 C10】 _tradition represented by these earth buildings should be kept and passed on by the Hakka people as their own family culture and ethnic culture. A. generating B. standards C. modern D. achieve E. unique F. vain G. period H. attraction I. constitution J. roote
6、d K. distinguish L. structure M. almost N. shared O. remarkable 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4】 5 【 C5】 6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 Section B 10 Pub-talk A)Pub-talk, the most popular activity in all pubs, is a native dialect with its own distinctive grammar. There are very few restrict
7、ions on what you can talk about in pubs: pub etiquette(礼节 )is concerned mainly with the form of your conversation, not the content. When a regular enters the pub, you will often hear friendly greetings from other regulars, the publican and bar staff(“Evening, Joe“, “Alright, Joe?“, “Wotcha, Joe“, “U
8、sual is it, Joe?“, etc.). The regular responds to each greeting, usually addressing the greeter by name or nickname(“Evening, Doc“, “Alright, there, Lofty?“, “Wotcha, Bill“ “Usual, thanks, Pauline“, etc.). No one is conscious of obeying a rule or following a formula, yet you will hear the same greet
9、ing ritual in every pub in the country. Pub etiquette does not limit the actual words to be used in this exchange and you may hear some inventive and peculiar variations. The words may not even be particularly polite: a regular may be greeted with “Back again, Joe? havent you got a home to go to?“ o
10、r “Ah, just in time to buy your round, Joe! “ B)When you first enter a pub, dont just order a drink start by saying “Good evening“ or “Good morning“, with a friendly nod and a smile, to the bar staff and the regulars at the bar counter. For most natives, this will start an automatic greeting-respons
11、e, even if it is only a nod. Dont worry if the initial response is somewhat reserved By greeting before ordering, you have communicated friendly intentions. Although this does not make you an “instant regular“, it will be noticed, and your subsequent attempts to initiate contact will be received mor
12、e favorably. C)You may well hear a lot of arguments in pubs arguing is the most popular pastime of regular pub-goers and some may seem to be quite heated. But pub-arguments are not like arguments in the real world. They are conducted in accordance with a strict code of etiquette: You should not take
13、 things too seriously. The etiquette of pub-arguments reflects the principles governing all social interaction in the pub: equality, interaction, the pursuit of intimacy and a non-aggression a-greement. Any student of human relations will recognize these principles as the essential foundation of all
14、 social bonding, and social bonding is what pub-arguments are all about. D)Rule number one: The pub-argument is an enjoyable game no strong views or deeply held convictions are necessary to engage in a lively dispute. Pub regulars will often start an argument about anything, just for the fun of it.
15、A bored regular will often deliberately spark off an argument by making an outrageous or extreme statement, and then sit back and wait for the inevitable cries of “Rubbish! “ or something less polite. The initiator will then hotly defend his statements(which he secretly knows to be indefensible), an
16、d counter-attack by accusing his opponents of stupidity, ignorance or worse. The exchange may continue in this fashion for some time, although the attacks and counter-attacks will often drift away from the original issue, moving on to other contentious subjects and eventually focusing almost entirel
17、y on the personal qualities of the participants. You may notice, however, that opponents continue to buy each other drinks throughout the match. E)By the end, everyone may have forgotten what the argument was supposed to be about. No-one ever wins, no-one ever surrenders. When participants become bo
18、red or tired, the accepted formula for ending the argument is to finish a sentence with “ and anyway, its your round“. Opponents remain the best of mates, and a good time has been had by all. F)Do not try to join in arguments taking place at tables: only those which occur at the bar counter are “pub
19、lic“ arguments. Even at the bar counter, watch for the “open“ body-language which signals that others are welcome to participate. Involvement of the bar staff or publican is another sign that the argument is public rather than personal. Body-language and facial expressions are also your best guide t
20、o the level of “seriousness“ of the dispute. Heated and even insulting words may be used, but in most pub-arguments the relaxed posture and expressions of the participants reveal the lack of any real hostility. Once you have established that the argument is both public and non-hostile, feel free to
21、add your comments and opinions but remember that this is a game, and do not expect to be taken seriously. Also remember that round-buying is the most effective non-aggression signal. If you unknowingly cause offence, or find yourself in any trouble, buy a round of drinks for your companions. The phr
22、ase “I think it must be my round“ should get you out of almost any difficulty. G)Listen carefully, and you will realize that most pub-talk is also a form of free-association. In the pub, the naturally reserved and cautious natives give voice to whatever passing thought happens to occur to them. You
23、will notice that pub-conversations rarely progress in any kind of logical manner; they do not stick to the point, nor do they reach a conclusion. Pub-talk moves in a mysterious way mostly in apparently random sideways leaps. A remark about the weather starts a prediction as to which horse will win t
24、he big race at Cheltenham, which starts an argument about the merits of the National Lottery, which leads to a discussion of the latest political scandal, which is interrupted by another regular demanding assistance with a crossword clue, one element of which leads to a comment about a recent fatal
25、traffic accident in the neighborhood, which somehow turns into a discussion about the barmans new haircut and so on. There is a vague logic in some of the connections, but most changes of subject are started by participants “free-associating“ with a random word or phrase. H)Jokes, puns, teasing, wit
26、, and backchat(回嘴 )are all essential ingredients of pub-talk. In fact, you will notice that most pub-talk has an undercurrent of humor, never far below the surface. Most pub humor is quite subtle occasionally to the point of obscurity and some participants have a command of irony that would impress
27、Jane Austen. Rule number two: Be prepared to laugh at yourself, as you will almost certainly be teased. Like Austens Mr. Bennet, pub regulars are disposed to find the faults and mistakes of others amusing, rather than distressing. A boastful person will often be encouraged to explain his favorite to
28、pic(“Oh, did you really?“ “Do tell us about it! “)purely so that the audience may laugh at his self-importance. If you are inclined to take yourself a bit too seriously, to mention your high-powered job more often than is strictly necessary, or to derive too much enjoyment from the sound of your own
29、 voice beware! Any over-obvious attempts to impress the natives will have the opposite effect. I)But if you are teased about your failings, do not be upset or offended. Teasing is a sign that you are liked, in spite of your faults. Among regulars, everyone is subjected to at least some teasing even
30、the most kind and popular person will be found to have some quality worth laughing at. If the natives did not like you, they would not tease you, but would simply ignore and avoid you. As a newcomer, it is best to show that you can laugh at yourself before making fun of your new acquaintances. You m
31、ay not be able to match the dry wit and quick response of native pub-goers, but as a foreigner, you do have two advantages. First, British pub-goers tend to regard all foreigners as instinctively funny. If you are prepared to laugh at yourself, all of your apparent disadvantages such as language dif
32、ficulties, unfamiliarity with native customs, ignorance about British beer etc. are potential sources of amusement. Second, regulars may well be bored with each others familiar jokes, and will welcome any fresh material you can offer. 11 When free-association is involved, pub talks may rarely involv
33、e logic. 12 All of your obvious disadvantages as a foreigner will become sources of amusement when you are prepared to laugh at yourself. 13 When a pub staff takes part in a pub-argument, it suggests that the argument is public. 14 If you find yourself in any trouble in the pub, round-buying should
34、be the most effective way to get out of difficult situations. 15 Pub etiquette focuses mainly on the form of the conversation, rather than the content. 16 The etiquette of pub-arguments reflects the principles of equality, interaction, the pursuit of intimacy and a non-aggression agreement 17 Those
35、who want to show off their self-importance in the pub will usually have the opposite effect. 18 Pub-goers spend most of their time in pub arguing with others. 19 It is necessary for someone who first enters a pub to greet before ordering because it will make his future contact easier. 20 If the othe
36、r pub regulars make fun of you, it indicates that they like you. Section C 20 A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet More species of insects exist than all other animal species together. Insects have survived on earth for more than 300 million years, and may possess the ability to survi
37、ve for millions more. Insects can be found almost everywhere on the highest mountains and on the bottom of rushing streams, in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs. They dig through the ground, jump and sing in the trees, and run and dance in the air. They come in many different colors an
38、d various shapes. Insects are extremely useful to humans, pollinating(授粉 )our crops as well as flowers in meadows, forests, deserts and other areas. But ticks and some insects, such as mosquitoes and fleas, can transmit disease. There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving. Thei
39、r amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments. The one place they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans. Insects can survive on a wide range of natural and artificial foods paint, pepper, glue, books, grain, cotton, oth
40、er insects, plants and animals. Because they are small, they can hide in tiny spaces. A strong, hard but flexible shell covers their soft organs and is resistant to chemicals, water and physical impact. Their wings give them the option of flying away from dangerous situations or toward food or mates
41、. Also, insects have an enormous reproductive capacity: An African ant queen can lay as many as 43,000 eggs a day. Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective color. An insect may be right before our eyes, but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised like a green leaf, lu
42、mp of brown soil, gray lichen(青苔 ), a seed or some other natural object. Some insects use bright, bold colors to send warning signals that they taste bad, sting or are poison Others have wing patterns that look like the eyes of a huge predator, confusing their enemies. Some insects also imitate bitt
43、er-tasting insects; hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them. 21 Insects can be found in large amounts in the following places EXCEPT _. （ A） on the mountains with little air （ B） in the cold polar areas （ C） in the hot desert areas （ D） in the open oceans 22 Insects protect themselves from chem
44、icals by _. （ A） hiding in tiny spaces （ B） having a strong shell （ C） flying away when necessary （ D） changing colors or shapes 23 Some insects disguise like natural objects so as to _. （ A） frighten away their enemies （ B） avoid being discovered （ C） send warning signals （ D） look bitter-tasting 2
45、4 The passage mentions that insects _. （ A） can be found in any extreme environments （ B） have survived longer than any other creatures （ C） can be fed on any natural or man-made foods （ D） are important for the growth of crops and flowers 25 The passage is mainly about _. （ A） how insects survive i
46、n different places （ B） why insects can survive so successfully （ C） what insects can do to the environment （ D） where insects can be found in quantity 25 A new analysis of federal money that public schools receive for low-income students shows that a record number of the nations school districts wi
47、ll receive less in the coming academic year than they did for the one just ended. For the 2005-2006 school year, spending under the Department of Educations Title I program, which helps low-achieving children in high-poverty areas, is increasing by 3.2 percent, to $12.6 billion. But because of popul
48、ation shifts, growing numbers of poor children, newer census data and complex formulas that determine how the money is divided, more than two-thirds of the districts, or 8,843, will not receive as much financing as before. The analysis, based on data from the department, was made by the Center on Ed
49、ucation Policy, a group advocating for public schools. A similar study by the group last year showed that 55 percent of the schools would receive less money than they did in the previous year. “Its an alarming number,“ said Tom Fagan, a former department official who conducted the analysis. “Its clear that the amount of overall increase is not keeping pace with the number of poor kids.“ Susan Aspey, a department spokeswoman, defended the spending levels for Title I, saying, “President Bush
