1、大学英语四级改革适用(阅读)模拟试卷 284及答案与解析 Section C 0 Cars and other road vehicles are the single main source of harmful nitrogen oxides. Road transport remains the biggest source of harmful air pollution in the EU despite efforts to reduce emissions over the past decades. A report published by the European Envi
2、ronment Agency (EEA) shows that it is the single main source of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and non-methane volatile organic compounds. It is also the second most important source of PM10 and PM2.5 particles. As well as road transport, manufacturing industries, construction, the residential sec
3、tor and agriculture are the main sources of air pollution in Europe today, the agency said. The EEA said: “Particulate matter from sources such as vehicle exhausts and residential heating can affect the lungs and harm people of all ages, but it is known to pose an extra risk to those with existing h
4、eart and respiratory problems.“ “Air pollutants are also responsible for the acidification of forests and water ecosystems, and eutrophication of soils and waters leading to a limited supply of oxygen in rivers and lakes.“ A spokesperson for campaign group T hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding t
5、hem. 11 Insects can be found in large amounts in the following places EXCEPT_. ( A) on the mountains with little air ( B) in the cold polar areas ( C) in the hot desert areas ( D) in the open oceans 12 Insects protect themselves from chemicals by_. ( A) hiding in tiny spaces ( B) having a strong she
6、ll ( C) flying away when necessary ( D) changing colors or shapes 13 Some insects disguise like natural objects so as to _. ( A) frighten away their enemies ( B) avoid being discovered ( C) send warning signals ( D) look bitter-tasting 14 The passage mentions that insects_. ( A) can be found in any
7、extreme environments ( B) have survived longer than any other creatures ( C) can be fed on any natural or man-made foods ( D) are important for the growth of crops and flowers 15 The passage is mainly about_. ( A) how insects survive in different places ( B) why insects can survive so successfully (
8、 C) what insects can do to the environment ( D) where insects can be found in quantity 15 Federal Express is a company that specializes in rapid overnight delivery of high-priority packages. The first company of its type, Federal Express was founded by the youthful Fred Smith in 1971, when he was on
9、ly 28 years old. Smith had actually developed the idea for the rapid delivery service in a term paper for an economics class when he was a student at Yale University. The term paper received a less-than-stellar grade because of the infeasibility of the project that Smith had outlined. The model that
10、 Smith proposed had never been tried; it was a model that was efficient to operate but at the same time very difficult to institute. Smith achieved efficiency in his model by designing a system that was separate from the passenger system and could, therefore, focus on how to deliver packages most ef
11、ficiently. His strategy was to have his own planes so that he could create his own schedules and to ship all packages through the centralized hub city of Memphis, a set-up which resembles the spokes (轮辐 ) on the wheel of a bicycle. With this combination of his own planes and hub set-up, he could get
12、 packages anywhere in the United States overnight. What made Smiths idea difficult to institute was the fact that the entire system had to be created before the company could begin operations. He needed a fleet of aircraft to collect packages from airports every night and deliver them to Memphis, wh
13、ere they were immediately sorted and flown out to their new destinations; he needed a fleet of trucks to deliver packages to and from the various airports; he needed facilities and trained staff all in place to handle the operation. Smith had a $4 million inheritance from his father, and he managed
14、to raise an additional 91 million dollars from venture capitalists to get the company operating. 16 The most appropriate title for this passage is “_“. ( A) The Problems and Frustrations of a Business Student ( B) The Importance of Business Studies ( C) The Capitalization of Federal Express ( D) The
15、 Implementation of a Successful Business 17 What is stated in the passage about Smiths term paper? ( A) Smith submitted it through a delivery service. ( B) It was written by a student of Smiths. ( C) The grade was not quite satisfactory. ( D) The professor thought it had great potential. 18 What was
16、 Smiths key idea? ( A) That he should focus on passenger service. ( B) That package delivery should be separate from passenger service. ( C) That packages could be delivered on other companies planes. ( D) That passenger service had to be efficient. 19 What difficulty did Smith confront to make his
17、idea true? ( A) No hub city was found before the companys operation. ( B) The entire delivery system had to be built up before the companys operation. ( C) No plane was available to him before the companys operation. ( D) No bicycle wheel was available to him before the companys operation. 20 It can
18、 be inferred from the passage that Smith selected Memphis as his hub city because it_. ( A) was near the middle of the country ( B) had a large number of passenger aircraft ( C) already had a large package delivery service ( D) had a favorite passenger airport 大学英语四级改革适用(阅读)模拟试卷 284答案与解析 Section C 【
19、知识模块】 仔细阅读 1 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 第 2段中的 efforts to reduce emission表明欧盟努力减少 “排放 ”,而结合上文提到的空气污染的主要来源可以推断这里的 “排放 ”应该是指汽车尾气的排放,由此可见, D是对 reduce emission的同义改写,为本题答案。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题要考查的是第 4段开头 It的所指 。本文开头四段都提到了source一词,第 1段和第 2段都提到了汽车、交通是造成空气污染的主要来源,虽然第 3段和第 4段没有明确指出段落中的 source是什么,但结合上两段就可以知
20、道这四段的 source所指是相同的,因此,本题应选 C。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 3 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 第 7段中的 responsible和 leading to描述了一个关系链: air pollution导致 eutrophication,而 eutrophication导致河流和湖泊中的氧气供给减少,由此可见, 本题应选 A。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 4 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第 8段末的 pay和第 9段末的 tolls的词义都与 “收费 ”有关,结合第 8段内容可知 T&E认为应该采取 “谁污染谁付钱 ”的经济措施,可见,本题应选B。 【知识模块】 仔细阅
21、读 5 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本文开头五段和最后三段讲的主要是造成空气污染的来源,不同的来源由不同的污染物造成,因此,也可以说本文 EEA的报告主要列举了各种造成空气污染的污染物污染源,由此可见,本题应选 A。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 6 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 事实细节题。选项 A与文章第 1段第 2句所述一致,为正确答案。此类题可采用排除法。根据第 2段第 2句的内容可以知道选项 B所指的只是地壳中的一种,而不是所有地壳。选项 C与文章第 1句的内容不符。选项 D的主语应该是地壳和上层的地幔,不仅仅是地壳。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 7 【正确答案】
22、 C 【试题解析】 推理判断题。此题可定位到第 1段倒数第 3句。题干中的 15 plates是原文该句中的宾语,且该句的谓语中心词是 consist of(由 组成 ),题干的谓语是 are formed from,这意思一致,但题目用的是被动语态,表明答案可从原文该句的主语得到。主语中的 top和 solid并列修饰 part of the mantle。选项 C为该句的同义替换,故正确。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 8 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 事实细节题。选项 C是对第 1段最后一句的同义改写。文章中没有提到选项 A中 the crusts move overmantle这种现象;选
23、项 B提到的现象在第 2段第 1句才讨论到,与题干无关;文中也 没有提到严重变形的地区是地球的主要地形特征,因此选项 D不正确。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 9 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 事实细节题。第 2段主要分成两部分:第一部分谈板块活动的三种形式,第二部分分别举例说明。其中在说明 spreading contacts时,引用了大西洋的例子: “The Atlantic Ocean formed like this” ,所以答案为 A。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 10 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 主旨大意题。由本文的语言风格和描述内容可以判 定这篇文章既不是商业性的,也不是文学性的,同
24、时文中叙述的内容具有科普性质,不可能是太前沿性的,因此 A、 B、 D三项都不正确,选项 C为此题答案。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 11 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 事实细节题。本题考查对复合句的理解。本题涉及两个段落,第 2段及第 3段都提及昆虫大量生长的地方,第 3段第 3句中的 The one place指出了答案。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 12 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 事实细节题。本题考查对复杂句的理解 。第 4段第 1句指出了答案。 protectfrom 是对 resistant to的同义替换。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 13 【正确答案】 B 【
25、试题解析】 推理判断题。本题考查对长句的理解。最后一段第 2句中的 nearly invisible表明昆虫伪装是为了不被发现,因此 B为正确选项。其他选项虽然都是昆虫伪装的目的,但都与伪装成自然物体无关。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 14 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 推理判断题。本题考查对含有分词结构句子的理解。根据第 2段倒数第 2句中的 useful及分词结构 pollinating可推断昆虫对植物的生长有益处。选项 A、 B、 C中都有 any,过于绝对。由第 3段第 2、 3句可知选项 A不对。文章虽在开头指出昆虫存活的年代久远,但全文未提到它是存活时间最长的生物,所以选项 B错误。
26、至于昆虫的食物,第 3段倒数第 2句有提及,但只是 a wide range of,由此可排除选项 C。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 15 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 主旨大意题。本文前两段首先描述了昆虫生存了很长的时间,并能在各种地方生长,然后引出文章要讨论的重点,即昆 虫为什么能成功存活。第 3段第 1句为本文的中心句,因此本题正确选项为 B。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 16 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 主旨大意题。本文讲述了 “联邦快递 ”公司的创立。其创立者在学生时代就有了这个想法,后来设法使计划可行。克服了许多困难之后,他筹集到足够的资金,创办了这家公司,只
27、有选项 D能概括全文的主要内容。选项 A、 B、 C提到的都只是细节,不是文章的主题。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 17 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 事实细节题。本题 考查名词 infeasibility的理解。第 1段第 4句中的 less-than-stellar和 infeasibility都有助于推断史密斯论文的情况。虽然 stellar是超纲词,但是利用构词法可以推断 infeasibility是由 in+feasibl(e)+ity构成的,并由此可推断其意义为 “不可行 ”,不可行的方案自然分数也不会令人满意了,因此选项 C是正确答案。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 18 【正确答案】
28、B 【试题解析】 事实细节题。本题考查复合句的理解。选择依据见第 2段第 1句。选项 A和 D说的都是 passenger system,但史密斯关注的是 package delivery;选项 C与本段第 2句不符。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 19 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 事实细节题。第 3段第 1句提到,让史密斯的点子难以实现的是在公司开始运营前,必须建立一个完整的速运系统, B项符合原文意思。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 20 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 推理判断题。第 2段第 2句提到通过中心枢纽城市孟菲斯 (through the centralized hub city of Memphis)运送所有的包裹,由此可推断孟菲斯处于美国中部,选项 A正确。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读