1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 293及答案与解析 Section A 0 The Mona Lisa is showing her age, museum curators (馆长 ) in Paris said while announcing a scientific study of the 500-year-old masterpiece. The thin poplar wood【 C1】 _around Leonardo da Vincis painting is showing signs of warping, causing curators at the Louvr
2、e “some worry“. The museum has【 C2】 _a study to evaluate the Mona Lisas vulnerability (易受攻击 ) to climate changes. The painting will remain on【 C3】 _during the testing, the Louvre said. “Its state of preservation is【 C4】 _the source of some concern,“ a statement issued by the museum said. Deteriorati
3、on (变坏 ) in its wood panel was “greater than that which has been【 C5】_observed,“ it added. The study, to be conducted by the Centre for Research and Restoration of Museums of France, will better【 C6】 _what materials the painting is made of. The painting, whose【 C7】 _smile attracts millions of visito
4、rs to the Louvre, is displayed behind glass to protect it from【 C8】 _changes and camera flashes. It will be put in a specially【 C9】 _room in the Louvre early next year. The Mona Lisa was painted between 1503-1506 and was thought to be named after the sitter, most likely the Florentine wife of France
5、sco del Giocondo. It moved to France with da Vinci in the early 16th Century, where it has【 C10】_except for a short spell when it was stolen in 1911. The painting was discovered two years later in a Florence hotel. A. mysterious B. previously C. dose D. commissioned E. charity F. climatic G. intenti
6、onally H. redecorated I. interfere J. display K. determine L. currently M. panel N. suspicious O. remained 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4】 5 【 C5】 6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 Section B 10 Culture Shock A) Because Ive lived in China for a long time, locals often smile and give me the ho
7、norable title of being “an Old China-hand“. Im flattered by that, but I know that no matter how long I live here, Ill still be a “lao-wai“. But Chinese people are very hospitable, and in many situations I feel very much at home. But it wasnt always that way. I must admit, it is not easy to adapt to
8、a new environment. Perhaps by sharing the experiences of one of my friends, readers will gain some insight into adjustments that they may face in the future. B) My friend Dr. Dong had a wonderful chance to go to Seattle to present a paper at a professional meeting. Having attended my course in Inter
9、cultural Communications, he consulted me to review some of the cultural differences he might experience. I also gave him the phone number of a friend of mine who lived in the area. When he got back, we met to review his experience. Dr. Dong told me that the course information had helped him. He expe
10、rienced the typical stages of culture shock. He arrived expectant (期待的 ) and happy and enjoyed his first days very much. At the medical conference, he felt quite confident in his area of research and was able to perform well in his presentation. But after a few days, he began to feel uncomfortable.
11、His medical English was fine, but the social interaction skills were different, and he was unsure of the cues and the communication style. C) He worried more and more that he was misunderstanding simple English greetings and table talk conventions. When someone greeted him with, “Hi, hows it going?“
12、 he thought they had asked him “where are you going?“ and answered with the name of the conference hall, only to get a quizzical (古怪的 ) stare from them. At a western style dinner, a colleague asked, “So howre you enjoyin the States?“ he thought he heard, “how are you enjoying your steak?“ and answer
13、ed that he was eating chicken, not beef. That time, they smiled, and patiently repeated the question, then both laughed at the error. D) Such misunderstandings and miscommunications were minor. But for Dr. Dong, they were the beginning of a sense of “cultural confusion.“ By the end of the meetings,
14、he felt a deep sense of “cultural stress“ and was worn out from having to pay attention to so many new expressions and ways of dealing with things. He felt his handshake was not as firm as Americans, found that people reacted unusually when he modestly insisted his English was not good after they co
15、mplimented him, didnt know how to accept dinner invitations properly and therefore missed out on going to several lunches, and so on. Eventually, he was so bewildered that he felt the full impact of “culture shock“ E) What is culture shock and why does it occur? The term was coined about 50 years ag
16、o by the Swedish scholar, Kalvero Oberg. His seminal (有重大影响的 ) article, “Culture Shock: Adjustment to New Cultural Environments“ (1960) has been reprinted and revised for many textbooks and magazines. He called it “the occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad.“ His u
17、se of the word “disease“ is a pun, because it implies that it is like an “ailment (疾病 ), with its own symptoms and cure,“ but also that the root cause is also a feeling of “dis-“ease, or unsettled uneasiness. F) Think back on your own experience. Have you ever moved from one context to another? Many
18、 students feel some of this adjustment shock when they change from one school to another, or move from a small town to a big city. The list of sensations one feels in new surroundings often includes: Feeling like an outsider, feeling unsure of oneself or even feeling stupid; sensing that ones langua
19、ge skills arent good enough, missing jokes, colloquial (口语的 ) phrases, references to TV shows or pop songs or other cultural “insider“ information; feeling lonely and wanting to go “home,“ feeling more and more like a stranger or outcast; feeling overwhelmed, overloaded, daydreaming, staring blankly
20、 at things or even staring at nothing; becoming more and more afraid of communicating and of making mistakes, worried, anxious. G) These are all symptoms of initial culture shock. With a new context comes new ways of doing things. So being uninitiated (不被接纳的 ) and unsure of what to do, this sense of
21、 displacement is often very strong at the beginning. But the good news is that humans are very good at adapting. Though everyone undergoes some degree of psychological stress in transition, after a few weeks or months, we learn how to “read“ our new context. We become aware of the new cues, the new
22、expectations, errors, and with a lot of patience with oneself, most people succeed in overcoming culture shock and learn to enjoy their new context. H) Dr. Dongs visit to the US was only three weeks long, but by the end of the 5-day medical conference, he was already starting to feel more confident.
23、 Sure he felt a little foolish about some of the mistakes he had made, but he quickly learned to laugh at his errors and found his colleagues smiled with him. This broke down the barriers to communication and helped him build some good professional relationships. And after the conference, he contact
24、ed the family I had referred him to and had a very nice time visiting them. There were some new cultural surprises, but he discovered he could better understand and adapt to them. I) By the time he returned to China, he was feeling quite positive about his American trip, and was glad for the new exp
25、eriences and new skills it had given him. He had become successful in the initial transitions to a new culture. Though he had gone through some embarrassing or trying culture stresses, each had proven to be valuable learning experiences, and in the end had helped him overcome culture shock. Of cours
26、e, there were a hundred other adjustments. Some were the ones most difficult at first. Getting used to new things is a normal part of any transition I wish you good luck in your future adjustments! 11 When Dr. Dong was complimented for his English, he felt he didnt deserve it 12 Feeling like an outs
27、ider is one of the sensations one feels in a new environment. 13 Culture shock is defined as the occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted to foreign countries. 14 For Dr. Dong, the embarrassing or trying culture stresses had turned out to be valuable learning experiences. 1
28、5 When Dr. Dong was greeted with “Hi, hows it going?“, he responded with the name of a conference hall. 16 Dr. Dong quickly learned to laugh at his own oral mistakes, which helped him break down the barriers to communication. 17 Since we are good at adapting, we can learn to “read“ our new context i
29、n a period as short as a few weeks or months. 18 Dr. Dong attended a course of Intercultural Communications in order to get to know some of the cultural differences. 19 It was the social interaction skills that troubled Dr. Dong during his visit to the US. 20 On many occasions I feel very much comfo
30、rtable in China, because Chinese people are very hospitable. Section C 20 In only two decades Asian Americans have become the fastest-growing U.S. minority. As their children began moving up through the nations schools, it became clear that a new class of academic achievers was emerging. Their achie
31、vements are reflected in the nations best universities, where mathematics, science and engineering departments have taken on a decidedly Asian character. This special liking for mathematics and science is partly explained by the fact that Asian-American students who began their educations abroad arr
32、ived in the U.S. with a solid grounding in mathematics but little or no knowledge of English. They are also influenced by the promises of a good job after college. Asians feel there will be less unfair treatment in areas like mathematics and science because they will be judged more objectively. And
33、the return on the investment in education is more immediate in something like engineering than with an arts degree. Most Asian-American students owe their success to the influence of parents who are determined that their children take full advantage of what the American educational system has to off
34、er. An effective measure of parental attention is homework. Asian parents spend more time with their children than American parents do, and it helps. Many researchers also believe there is something in Asian culture that breeds success, such as ideals that stress family values and emphasize educatio
35、n. Both explanations for academic success worry Asian Americans because of fears that they feed a typical racial image. Many can remember when Chinese, Japanese and Filipino immigrants were the victims of social isolation. Indeed, it was not until 1952 that laws were laid down giving all Asian immig
36、rants the right to citizenship. 21 While making tremendous achievements at college, Asian-American students _. （ A） feel they are mistreated because of limited knowledge of English （ B） are afraid that their academic successes bear a strong Asian character （ C） still worry about unfair treatment in
37、academic areas （ D） generally feel it a shame to have to depend on their parents 22 What are the major factors that determine the success of Asian Americans? （ A） Solid foundation in basic mathematics and Asian culture. （ B） Hard work and intelligence. （ C） Hard work and a limited knowledge of Engli
38、sh. （ D） Asian culture and the American educational system. 23 Few Asian-American students major in human sciences mainly because _. （ A） their English is not good enough （ B） they are afraid they might meet with unfair judgment in these areas （ C） there is a wide difference between Asian and Wester
39、n cultures （ D） they know little about American culture and society 24 Why do the two “explanations“ (Line 1, Para. 3) worry Asian Americans? （ A） They are afraid that they would again be isolated from American society in general. （ B） People would think that Asian students rely on their parents for
40、 success. （ C） Asian Americans would be a threat to other minorities. （ D） American academic achievements have taken on too strong an Asian character. 25 The authors tone in this passage is_. （ A） sympathetic （ B） doubtful （ C） critical （ D） objective 25 The struggle against malnutrition (营养不良 ) and
41、 hunger is as old as man himself, and never across the face of our planet has the outcome been more in doubt. Malnutrition tortures an estimated 400 million to 1.5 billion of the worlds poor. Even in the rich U.S., poverty means malnutrition for an estimated ten to twenty million. Hardest hit are ch
42、ildren, whose growing bodies demand two and a half times more protein, than those of adults. Nutrition experts estimate that 70 percent of the children in low-income countries are affected. Badly-shaped bodies tell the sad story of malnutrition. Medical science identifies two major types of malnutri
43、tion which usually occur in combination. The first, kwashiorkor, is typified by the bloated (肿胀的 ) look, the opposite of what we associate with starvation. Accumulated fluids pushing against wasted muscles account for the plumpness (丰满 ) of hands, feet, belly and face. Caused by an acute lack of pro
44、tein, kwashiorkor can bring brain damage, irritability, loss of appetite and so on. On the other hand, stick limbs, a bloated belly, wide eyes, and the stretched-skin face of an old person mark victims of marasmus, a word taken from the Greek “to waste away“. Lacking calcium (钙 ) as well as protein,
45、 sufferers may weigh only half as much as normal. With fat gone, the skin hangs or draws tight over bones. Children, whose growing bodies require large amounts of protein, suffer in greatest numbers, but perhaps only three percent of all child victims suffer the extreme stages described. Scientists
46、are working hard to develop new weapons against malnutrition and starvation. But two thirds of the human population of 3.9 billion live in the poorest countries which also have the highest birth rates. Thus, of the 74 million people added to the population each year, four out of five will be born in
47、 a have-not country a country unable to supply its peoples nutritional needs. 26 Malnutrition is_. （ A） not as serious as before （ B） still as serious as before （ C） more serious than before （ D） inclined to be less serious 27 The phrase “waste away“ (Line 2, Para. 3) means _. （ A） become thinner （
48、B） lose （ C） misshape （ D） lack calcium 28 Compared with adults, children are usually more seriously affected by malnutrition because _. （ A） their growth demands more protein than adults （ B） their bodies demand more calcium than adults （ C） they do not have as much fat as adults （ D） they do not e
49、at as much food as adults 29 Both of the two major types of malnutrition_. （ A） are caused by lack of protein and calcium （ B） seldom happen to sufferers at the same time （ C） can cause malformation to sufferers bodies （ D） may damage sufferers brain and their mood 30 It can be inferred from the passage that the struggle against malnutrition is _. （ A） certain to succeed （ B） likely to succeed （ C） certain to fail （ D） hard to succeed 大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 293答案与解析 Section A 【知识模块】
