1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 40及答案与解析 Section C 0 It is natural for young people to be critical of their parents at times and to blame them for most of the misunderstandings between them. They have always complained, more or less justly, that their parents are out of touch with modern ways; that they are poss
2、essive and dominant; that they do not trust their children to deal with crises; that they talk too much about certain problems and that they have no sense of humor, at least in parent-child relationships. I think it is true that parents often underestimate their teenage children and also forget how
3、they themselves felt when young. Young people often irritate their parents with their choices in clothes and hairstyles, in entertainers and music. This is not their motive. They feel cut off from the adult world into which they have not yet been accepted. So they create a culture and society of the
4、ir own. Then, if it turns out that their music or entertainers or vocabulary or clothes or hairstyles irritate their parents, this gives them additional enjoyment. They feel they are superior, at least in a small way, and that they are leaders in style and taste. Sometimes you are resistant and prou
5、d because you do not want your parents to approve of what you do. If they did approve, it looks as if you are betraying your own age group. But in that case, you are assuming that you are the underdog: you cant win but at least you can keep your honor. This is a passive way of looking at things. It
6、is natural enough after long years of childhood, when you were completely under your parents control. But it ignores the fact that you are now beginning to be responsible for yourself. If you plan to control your life, co-operation can be part of that plan. You can charm others, especially your pare
7、nts, into doing things the way you want. You can impress others with your sense of responsibility and initiative, so that they will give you the authority to do what you want to do. 1 The author is primarily addressing_. （ A） parents of teenagers （ B） newspaper readers （ C） teenagers （ D） those who
8、give advice to teenagers 2 The first paragraph is mainly about_. （ A） the teenagers criticism of their parents （ B） misunderstandings between teenagers and their parents （ C） the dominance of the parents over their children （ D） the teenagers ability to deal with crises 3 Teenagers tend to have stra
9、nge clothes and hairstyles because they_. （ A） want to irritate their parents （ B） have a strong desire to be leaders in style and taste （ C） have no other way to enjoy themselves better （ D） want to show their existence by creating a culture of their own 4 Teenagers do not want their parents to app
10、rove of whatever they do because （ A） have a desire to be independent （ B） feel that they are superior in a small way to the adults （ C） are not likely to win over the adults （ D） have already been accepted into the adult world 5 To improve parent-child relationships, teenagers are advised to be （ A
11、） obedient （ B） responsible （ C） independent （ D） co-operative 5 Teaching children to read well from the start is the most important task of elementary schools. But relying on educators to approach this task correctly can be a great mistake. Many schools continue to employ instructional methods that
12、 have been proven ineffective. The staying power of the “look-say“ or “whole-word“ method of teaching beginning reading is perhaps the most flagrant example of this failure to instruct effectively. The whole-word approach to reading stresses the meaning of words over the meaning of letters, thinking
13、 over decoding, developing a sight vocabulary of familiar words over developing the ability to unlock the pronunciation of unfamiliar words. It fits in with the self-directed, “learning how to learn“ activities recommended by advocates(倡导者 )of “open“ classrooms and with the concept that children hav
14、e to be developmentally ready to begin reading. Before 1963, no major publisher put out anything but these “Run-Spot-Run“ readers. However, in 1955, Rudolf Flesch touched off what has been called “the great debate“ in beginning reading. In his best-seller Why Johnny Cant Read, Flesch indicted(控诉 )th
15、e nation s public schools for miseducating students by using the look-say method. He said and more scholarly studies by Jeane Chall and Rovert Dykstra later confirmed that another approach to beginning reading, founded on phonics(语音学 ), is far superior. Systematic phonics first teaches children to a
16、ssociate letters and letter combinations with sounds; it then teaches them how to blend these sounds together to make words. Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the
17、English language can be learned. Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences; it simply recognizes that decoding is the logical and necessary first step. 6 The author feels that counting on educators to teach reading correctly is_. （ A） only logical a
18、nd natural （ B） the expected position （ C） probably a mistake （ D） merely effective instruction 7 The author indicts the look-say reading approach because_. （ A） it overlooks decoding （ B） Rudolf Flesch agrees with him （ C） he says it is boring （ D） many schools continue to use this method 8 One maj
19、or difference between the look-say method of learning reading and the phonics method is_. （ A） look-say method is simpler （ B） phonics method takes longer to learn （ C） look-say method is easier to teach （ D） phonics method gives readers access to far more words 9 The phrase “touched off(Line 1, Par
20、a. 5)most probably means_. （ A） talked about shortly （ B） started or cause （ C） compared with （ D） opposed 10 According to the author, which of the following statements is true? （ A） Phonics approach regards whole word method as unimportant. （ B） The whole word approach emphasizes decoding. （ C） In
21、phonics approach, it is necessary and logical to employ decoding. （ D） Phonics is superior because it stresses the meaning of words thus the vast majority of most common words can be learned. 10 A new study shows that students learn much better through an active, iterative(反复的 )process that involves
22、 working through their misconceptions with fellow students and getting immediate feedback from the instructor. The research was conducted by a team at the University of British Columbia(UBC), Vancouver, in Canada, led by physics Nobelist Carl Wieman. In this study, Wieman trained a postdoc, Louis De
23、slauriers, and a graduate students, Ellen Schelew, in an educational approach, called “deliberate practice“, that asks students to think like scientists and puzzle out problems during class. For 1 week, Deslauriers and Schelew took over one section of an introductory physics course for engineering m
24、ajors, which met three times for 1 hour. A tenured physics professor continued to teach another large section using the standard lecture format. The results were dramatic: After the intervention, the students in the deliberate practice section did more than twice as well on a 12-question multiple-ch
25、oice test of the material as did those in the control section. They were also more engaged and a post-study survey found that nearly all said they would have liked the entire 15-week course to have been taught in the more interactive manner. “Its almost certainly the case that lectures have been ine
26、ffective for centuries. But now we ve figured out a better way to teach“ that makes students an active participant in the process, Wieman says. The “deliberate practice“ method begins with the instructor giving students a multiple-choice question on a particular concept, which the students discuss i
27、n small groups before answering electronically. Their answers reveal their grasp of the topic, which the instructor deals with in a short class discussion before repeating the process with the next concept. While previous studies have shown that this student-centered method can be more effective tha
28、n teacher-led instruction, Wieman says this study attempted to provide “a particularly clean comparison . to measure exactly what can be learned inside the classroom.“ He hopes the study persuades faculty members to stop delivering traditional lectures and “switch over“ to a more interactive approac
29、h. More than 55 courses at Colorado across several departments now offer that approach, he says, and the same thing is happening gradually at UBC. 11 The results of the research reveal that_. （ A） the students in the experimental section performed better on a test （ B） the students preferred the tra
30、ditional lectures to deliberate practice （ C） the entire 15-week course was actually given in the new manner （ D） the students in the control section seemed to be more engaged 12 What do we know about the study led by Carl Wieman in the second paragraph? （ A） Students need to turn to scientists for
31、help if they have trouble. （ B） An introductory physics course was given to physics majors. （ C） Students were first taught in the “deliberate practice“ approach. （ D） A professor continued to teach the same section with the traditional lectures. 13 How does Wieman look at the traditional lectures a
32、ccording to the third paragraph? （ A） They have proved to be ineffective and outdated. （ B） They can make students more active in study. （ C） They have lasted for only a short period time. （ D） They continue to play an essential role in teaching. 14 How does the “deliberate practice“ method work? （
33、A） The students are first presented with some open questions. （ B） The students have to hand in paper-based homework. （ C） The instructor remains consistent in the way of explaining concepts. （ D） The instructor expects the students to air their views at any time. 15 We learn from the last paragraph
34、 that Wieman s new approach_. （ A） can achieve the same effects as the traditional lecture format （ B） will take the place of the traditional way of teaching in time （ C） has been accepted by faculty members in some colleges （ D） can evaluate the students class performance roughly 15 Since early col
35、onial times American people have shown a great concern for education. There were a very high proportion of educated men among the first settlers. In the Massachusetts colony in the early 1600s, there was an average of one university man to every 40 or 50 families much higher than in England. Some of
36、 these men, many of whom graduated from Cambridge, came together and founded Harvard College in 1636, 140 years before American Independence. Before the Revolution in 1776, nine colleges had already been opened in the colonies, and most of them later became universities. Within thirty years of the f
37、irst settlement in Massachusetts, all towns were required to hire a schoolmaster at public expense. Other colonies also prepared for free public schools. Throughout the 17th century, for instance, free schools had been established in a number of places. In 1787 the Continental Congress asked every n
38、ew township to reserve one plot of land for public schools. By 1900, there were almost a thousand institutions of higher education in the U.S. Among them were law and medical schools and hundreds of small, four-year liberal art colleges. One of the latter, Oberlin College, which was founded in 1837
39、in Ohio, was the first to admit women on an equal basis with men. Today, about 43 million pupils and students attend public elementary and secondary schools, which do not charge tuition but rely on local and state taxes for funding. And another 6 million attend private schools, for which their paren
40、ts pay tuition. Four out of five private schools are run by religious groups, where religious instruction is part of the curriculum. There are also a small but growing number of parents who educate their children themselves at home, a practice known as home schooling. Every year, about 12 million Am
41、ericans are enrolled in the over 3,000 colleges and universities of every type. Nearly 80 percent of the college students attend public institutions, while a little over 20 percent are enrolled in privately supported universities and colleges. The early emphasis given to education remains today. Uni
42、ted Nations figures(1980)show that in the amount spent on education per capita, the U.S. is in the ninth place in the world. 16 Who founded Harvard College? （ A） Many Cambridge graduates. （ B） Some men who graduated from universities. （ C） Some first settlers who were educated in Massachusetts. （ D）
43、 Many Americans with a great concern for education. 17 What was every new town required to do in the late 18th century? （ A） To establish free schools in many places. （ B） To prepare for teachers at public expense. （ C） To keep one plot of land for public schools. （ D） To make provisions for free pu
44、blic schools. 18 What types of parents are small but growing in number? （ A） Parents who educate their children themselves at home. （ B） Parents rich enough to send their children to private schools. （ C） Parents who pay tuition for schools run by religious group. （ D） Parents who don t like to prac
45、tice home schooling. 19 Why dont parents need to pay tuition for public elementary and secondary schools? （ A） The schools are run by rich religious groups. （ B） The schools have about 43 million pupils and students. （ C） The schools are free from taxes and can save a lot of money. （ D） The schools
46、depend on local and state taxes for funding. 20 Which of the following statements is true? （ A） It was not until American Independence that the first college was founded in America. （ B） Oberlin College was the first law school to admit women on an equal basis with men. （ C） About 20 percent of the
47、American college students are enrolled in privately supported universities and colleges every year. （ D） The United States is in the ninth place in amount of time spent on education a year. 大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 40答案与解析 Section C 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 1 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 主旨题。短文开篇就提出 It is natural for young people
48、to be critical of theirparents at times，故可知这篇文章是针对年轻人的。另外文中也多处提到 youngpeople，故选项 C正确。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 2 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 细节题。短文第一段的 topic sentence即第一句 It is natural for youngpeople to be critical of their parents at times and to blame them for most of themisunderstandings between them即年轻人对父母持批评意见。故选项 A正确
49、。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 3 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。根据短文第三段中 Young people often irritate their parents withtheir choices in clothes and hairstyles This is not their motive They feel cut off from theadult world into which they have not yet been accepted So they create a culture andsociety of their own可知年轻人穿奇异服装并不是要激怒父母，而是感觉与并 不接受他们的成人世界隔绝了。所以便要开创自己的文化和社会。故选项 D正确。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 4 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 推断题。根据文章第四段可知年轻人叛逆、傲气，不想让父母赞同你做的事情。而出现这种现象的原因是 It is natural enough after long years of childhood， when you were completely under your parentscontr
