1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 48及答案与解析 Section C 0 Among the more colorful characters of Leadville s golden age were H.A.W. Tabor and his second wife, Elizabeth McCourt, better known as “Baby Doe“. Their history is fast becoming one of the legends of the Old West. Horace Austin Warner Tabor was a school teache
2、r in Vermont. With his first wife and two children he left Vermont by covered wagon in 1855 to homestead in Kansas. A few years later he moved west to the small Colorado mining camp known as California Gulch, which he later renamed Leadville when he became its leading citizen. “Great deposits of lea
3、d are sure to be found here.“ he said. As it turned out, it was silver, not lead, that was to make Leadville s fortune and wealth. Tabor knew little about mining himself, so he opened a general store, which sold everything from boots to salt, flour, and tobacco. It was his custom to “grubstake“ pros
4、pective miners, in other words, to supply them with food and supplies, or “grub“, while they looked for ore, in return for which he would get a share in the mine if one was discovered. He did this for a number of years, but no one that he aided ever found anything of value. Finally one day in the ye
5、ar 1878, so the story goes, two miners came in and asked for “grub“. Tabor had decided to quit supplying it because he had lost too much money that way. These were persistent, however, and Tabor was too busy to argue with them. “Oh help yourself. One more time wont make any difference,“ He said and
6、went on selling shoes and hats to other customers. The two miners took $17 worth of supplies, in return for which they gave Tabor a one-third interest in their findings. They picked a barren place on the mountainside and began to dig. After nine days they struck a rich vein of silver. Tabor bought t
7、he shares of the other two men, and so the mine belonged to him alone. This mine, known as the “Pitts burgh Mine,“ made $1,300,000 for Tabor in return for his $17 investment. Later Tabor bought the Matchless Mine on another barren hillside just outside the town for $117,000. This turned out to be ev
8、en more fabulous than the Pittsburgh, yielding $35,000 worth of silver per day at one time. Leadville grew. Tabor became its first mayor, and later became lieutenant governor of the state. 1 Leadville got its name for the following reasons EXCEPT_. （ A） Tabor became its leading citizen （ B） great de
9、posits of lead is expected to be found there （ C） it could bring good fortune to Tabor （ D） it was renamed 2 The word “grubstake“(Line 3, Para.2)means_. （ A） to supply miners with food and supplies （ B） to open a general store （ C） to do one s contribution to the development of the mine （ D） to supp
10、ly miners with food and supplies and in return get a share in the mine, if one was discovered 3 Tabor made his first fortune_. （ A） by supplying two prospective miners and getting in return a one-third interest in the findings （ B） because he was persuaded by the two miners to quit supplying （ C） by
11、 buying the shares of the other （ D） as a land speculator 4 The underlying reason for Tabor s life career is_. （ A） purely accidental （ B） based on the analysis of miners being very poor and their possibility of discovering profitable mining site （ C） through the help from his second wife （ D） he pl
12、anned well and accomplished targets step by step 5 If this passage is the first part of an article, who might be introduced in the following part? （ A） Tabors life. （ B） Tabors second wife, Elizabeth Mc Court. （ C） Other colorful characters. （ D） Tabors other careers. 5 Some fish can swim in water b
13、elow 0C, low enough to freeze the blood of most creatures. However, some fish and insects can stay alive in the freezing water. One key to survival is a special protein in the fish s blood. The chemical is called the Antifreeze Protein, otherwise known as AFP and is commonly found in fish that live
14、in cold waters. What does AFP do in these fish? First, we need to understand what happens when water freezes. When the temperature of the water drops below -1.0C, tiny particles of ice start forming in the water. Each particle becomes larger and then sticks to other particles, forming blocks of ice.
15、 Fish take in this water and tiny particles of ice also form inside a fishs body. However, the AFP in the blood of the fish surrounds these particles, preventing them from sticking together to form bigger pieces of ice. The application of AFP is promising. For example, AFP can be used to alter the t
16、aste and texture of ice-cream. It can also be used to store meat and vegetables more effectively by protecting food products from the formation of ice. Another application is in medical field, as AFP can help preserve organs for transplantation without freezing them. Scientists have known about AFP
17、for more than 30 years, yet few of the technologies that use the AFP exist today. The process of getting the necessary amount of AFP from fish to make products was only recently discovered. Some companies in the United States and Canada have already made products using AFP, but they have yet to beco
18、me popular. Although some researchers in Japan discovered that some local fish contained AFP and succeeded in creating AFP in the laboratory, more research is necessary. AFP tests will continue for these fish out of the water. 6 The Antifreeze Protein_. （ A） is a kind of protein that many fish have
19、stored in their bodies （ B） is found in certain fish that live in extremely cold water （ C） increases the freezing process of water in the ocean （ D） is the key to finding the location offish in cold regions 7 How does AFP work? （ A） It covers the small ice particles so that they remain separated fr
20、om each other. （ B） It turns ice back into water by breaking down ice piece by piece. （ C） It allows the fish to find places in the ocean that have warmer temperatures. （ D） It forms a protective layer around the fish s body, keeping it warmer. 8 Why is AFP not widely used? （ A） It is only found in
21、the blood offish that lives in colder seas. （ B） The technology to utilize AFP has yet to be improved upon. （ C） The protein will not be safe for another 30 years. （ D） Countries such as Canada and Japan want to do more research first. 9 What can AFP possibly do in the future? （ A） Make fresh fruits
22、 and vegetables taste better. （ B） Protect dried meat from being damaged by ice. （ C） Keep meat and vegetables from going bad. （ D） Help doctors freeze organs for transplantation. 10 Which of the following statements is true? （ A） AFP was discovered more than three centuries ago. （ B） Few scientists
23、 are interested in continuing research on AFP. （ C） AFP can raise the temperature of any liquid. （ D） Scientists are thinking of a variety of ways to use AFP. 10 Until the invention of the modern washing machine, most people washed their clothes by hand. In the 20th century, however, washing machine
24、 became common, and washing clothes became much easier. Washing machines, though, have some serious disadvantages. One is that they need a great deal of clean water. Another is that, in many countries, hot water is used in the machines. This consumes a lot of energy. In the United Kingdom, for examp
25、le, about one-third of household energy is used for heating water, including that used to wash clothes. Now, a British company has invented a washing machine that solves these problems by using small plastic beads to absorb dirt and clean the clothes. First, a little water is added to the clothes to
26、 get them wet. Then, the beads are mixed with the clothes until they have taken away all the dirt and stains. When the process is over, the little beads are removed by the machine, and the clothes are left almost dry. Because the beads can be used over and over, the machine costs very little to oper
27、ate. The new machine is based on the research of Stephen Burkinshaw, a chemist at the University of Leeds in the U.K. For a long time, Burkinshaw has been studying ways to make plastic materials a different color. A few years ago, he noticed that many kinds of plastic, especially nylon, attract dirt
28、 in warm and wet conditions, the surface of the nylon remains clean. For this reason, beads made of nylon can be used repeatedly until they are completely full of dirt. The new washing machine can save households a great deal of the money they spend on water and energy. At the same time, the machine
29、s are very good for the environment. The United States, for example, uses 1.25 billion metric tons of water on washing clothes every year. If the new machines were adopted there, 90 percent of this water could be saved. The saving of electricity, meanwhile, would help decrease the amount of carbon d
30、ioxide produced by power plants. For these reasons, the company is hoping that its new “waterless“ washing machines will be widely used in the future. 11 What is one problem with the washing machines used in many countries? （ A） Many people do not have enough money to buy one. （ B） They consume one-
31、third of the water used in homes. （ C） A lot of energy is required to heat the water they use. （ D） They do not get clothes as clean as washing by hand. 12 The small plastic beads used by the new washing machine_. （ A） are separated from the clothes when the cleaning process has finished （ B） contai
32、n enough water and energy to wash the clothes （ C） stop the clothes from being damaged while they are being washed （ D） must be taken out to be cleaned each time the machine is used 13 What did Stephen Burkinshaw learn about nylon? （ A） It absorbs dirt from other objects in certain conditions. （ B）
33、It causes other plastic objects to stick to wet clothes. （ C） It can be made into clothes that can be washed very easily. （ D） It changes color when it comes into contact with dirty clothes. 14 What is one reason the new washing machines may be good for the environment? （ A） People who use them woul
34、d wash their clothes less often. （ B） They could reduce the amount of carbon dioxide being released. （ C） The plastic beads from them can be used for other purposes. （ D） The water in them is recycled over and over until it is dirty. 15 Which of the following statements is true? （ A） Burkinshaws res
35、earch has already helped the United States to save a lot of water. （ B） Burkinshaw s research was originally about ways to change the color of plastic materials. （ C） The new machines can wash clothes more quickly than ordinary washing machines. （ D） The new machines are better at washing nylon clot
36、hes than those made from other materials. 15 A very interesting and important development in science is a device called laser. A laser is a machine which produces a light beam. The light produced by a laser is a very special kind of light. The light, called laser beam, is powerful and can be made to
37、 do many things. The laser was first developed in 1960, about half a century ago. There are many different uses for lasers and several different types have been developed. Some use gases to produce the light beam. The gases are heated and cooled, and these processes cause the gases to produce energy
38、 in the form of light. One special point of lasers is that the light beam can be stored. If the stored light is then suddenly let go, it is extremely powerful. The light from a laser beam can be used either by storing it and letting it go suddenly, or by using it in a continuous stream. There are th
39、ree important areas where the control of the laser beam has been put into use by scientists. These areas are industry, communications, and medicine. In each area, the scientists have been able to use the laser to do things that they could not do in another way. The laser has been very helpful. In in
40、dustry, the laser beam has been used for measurement and drilling. When something large is being built for example, a large bridge it is important to have very accurate measurements. By accurate measurement, lasers are also helpful in laying down pipelines over long distances. As lasers become more
41、common in industry, there will be more and more uses for them. 16 A laser beam is_. （ A） a light produced half a century ago （ B） powerful and has many uses （ C） a very important device （ D） a kind of light from space 17 What is one special point of lasers? （ A） Its possible to store the light beam.
42、 （ B） The gases are heated and cooled. （ C） There are some different types of lasers. （ D） They can use the beam in a continuous stream. 18 The laser beam can be used_. （ A） only in the areas of construction （ B） to cure a patient of a disease （ C） in a few areas because it s not so powerful （ D） to
43、 do whatever people want to 19 What is important in building large things? （ A） To drill holes accurately. （ B） To lay down long pipelines. （ C） To cut pipes by lasers. （ D） To measure accurately. 20 The best title for the passage is_. （ A） The Light （ B） The Laser （ C） A Laser Beam （ D） The use of
44、Laser 大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 48答案与解析 Section C 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 1 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题 。文章在第一段最后提到 which he later renamed Leadville whenhe became its leading citizen “Great deposits of lead are sure to be found here ”he said由此可判断出 Leadville名字的由来是因为： Tabor成为当地的居民代表人物，他认为在 Leadville有丰富的铅储藏量，并且将它命名为Leadville。所以选
45、项 A、 B、 D都符合表述；而选项 C并没有提及，故选 C。 【知识模块 】 仔细阅读 2 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 词汇题。由题干可定位至第二段中间部分，根据 It was his custom to“grubstake”prospective miners， in other words， to supply them with food and supplies， or“grub”， while they looked for ore， in return for which he would get a share in the mineifone was discovered
46、可判断出答案为 D。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 3 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 推断题。根据短文第三段内容可知，两名开矿者从 Tabor那儿借走价值 17美元的供给，作为回报， Tabor获得他们矿资源三分之一股份。后来开矿者发现了银的富矿，于是 Tabor又将两人的股份全买下，这样，银矿属于Tabor一个人所有，这个矿就是后来著名的 “匹兹堡 ”矿。 Tabor用 17美元的投资换来了 130万美元的收获。故答案选 A。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 4 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 推断题。本题采用排除法。根据原文内容可知， Tabor赚的第一桶金是因为他从事 “grubstake”，所以他
47、赚的钱并不是偶然的，故排除 A；在他还没有娶第二位夫人前这一切就发生了，故可排除选项 C；选项 D在文中没有提及，故也可排除。所以选 B。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 5 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 推断题。短文开头指出 Among the more colorful characters of Leadvilles golden age were H AW Tabor and his second wife， Elizabeth McCourt， better known as“Baby Doe”即在 Leadville的黄金年代， Tabor和他的第二任妻子 ElizabethMcCour
48、t都是非常有名的。接着文章都在讲述 Tabor是怎样一步一步发家致富的，因此下文应该介绍 Elizabeth McCourt。故答案为 B。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 6 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。文章第一段最后一句指出 known as AFP and is commonly found infish that live in cold waters，由此可知答案为 B。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 7 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 细节题。文章第二段最后指出 the AFP in the blood of the fish surroundsthese p
49、articles， preventing them from sticking together to form bigger pieces of ice，选项 A表述与原文接近，故选 A。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 8 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。短文第三段中间指出 yet few of the technologies that use the AFPexist today即现在能利用 AFP的技术还很少。故选项 B正确。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 9 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。短文第三段开头主要讲 AFP的用途。由 It can also be used to storemeat and vegetables more effectively by 可知它可以用来储存肉和蔬菜，防止变质。故选项 C正确。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 10 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。短文第三段内容表明科学家正在研究 AFP的多种用途，故选项 D正确。根据 Scientists have known about AFP for more than 30 years可排除选项 A；根据文中提到的美国、加拿
