[外语类试卷]大学英语四级改革适用(阅读)模拟试卷267及答案与解析.doc
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1、大学英语四级改革适用(阅读)模拟试卷 267及答案与解析 Section B 0 Astrology A) Astrology is the study of how the sun, the moon, planets, and stars are supposedly related to life and events on the earth. It is based on the belief that the heavenly bodies form patterns that can reveal a persons character or future. Many peopl
2、e throughout the world believe in astrology. These people base important decisions on the advice of an astrologer (a person who tells fortunes by studying the stars). Other people declare there is no scientific basis for astrology, and they consider it a form of entertainment. B) Astrology differs f
3、rom astronomy. Astrology developed from a set of principles that originated more than 2,000 years ago. At that time, astronomy was also based on those same principles. But during the 1500s and 1600s, several astronomers, including Nicolaus Copernicus of Poland and Tycho Bra-he of Denmark, made disco
4、veries about the heavenly bodies that conflicted with the principles of astrology. As a result, astrology and astronomy became widely different in their methods and purposes. Today, astrologers observe the heavenly bodies to understand things that happen on the earth. Astronomers seek scientific kno
5、wledge about the various objects in space. C) The basic principle of astrology is that the heavenly bodies influence what happens on the earth. Astrologers learn about this influence by casting (drawing) a circular chart called a horoscope or birth chart A horoscope shows the position of the planets
6、 in relation to both the earth and the stars at a certain time. In most cases, it shows the position of these bodies at the time of a persons birth. The system used by astrologers to cast a horoscope is based on a special view of the universe. This view involves four elements: the earth, the planets
7、, the zodiac (黄道 ), and the houses. D) In casting a horoscope, astrologers place the earth at the center of the solar system. Therefore, all heavenly bodies revolve around the earth rather than around the sun. Astrologers use this arrangement to determine the positions of the heavenly bodies in rela
8、tion to the earth. They believe that the study of the positions of the heavenly bodies can reveal a persons character and future. In astrology, the moon and the sun are considered planets, along with Jupiter, Mars, Neptune, Pluto, Saturn, Uranus, and Venus. Each planet supposedly represents a force
9、that affects people in a certain way. Astrologers believe the planets influence a person more than any other heavenly bodies do. E) The zodiac is a band of stars that appear to encircle the earth. It is divided into 12 equal parts, called signs. Each sign of the zodiac has certain characteristics, w
10、hich are determined by a particular planet and other factors. Astrologers believe the signs determine how the planets affect a persons character. The houses. Like the zodiac, the earths surface is divided into 12 parts. Each of these parts, called houses, represents certain characteristics of an ind
11、ividuals life. Astrologers believe the houses determine how the planets and the signs influence a persons daily life. F) Astrology began sometime before 2000 B.C. in Babylonia (now southeastern Iraq). Astrologers of that time knew of five planets Jupiter, Mars, Mercury, Saturn and Venus. They believ
12、ed that the sun, the moon, and planets sent out different forces, which had certain characteristics. For example, one of the planets now known as Mars appeared to be red. Astrologers linked it with anger, aggression and war. G) The zodiac was probably developed in ancient Egypt, and the Babylonians
13、adopted it sometime after 1000 B.C. Astrologers gradually developed a system that linked seasonal changes with specific group of stars called constellations (星座 ). At that time, for example, heavy rainfall occurred in Babylonia when the sun was in a certain constellation. As a result, astrologers na
14、med the constellation Aquarius, the water bearer. H) At first, astrologers studied the heavenly bodies in making general predictions about the future. But between 600 B.C. and 200 B.C., they developed the system of casting individual horoscopes (以占星术算命 ). The ancient Greeks and Romans practiced astr
15、ology and greatly influenced its development. The Roman names for the planets and the signs of the zodiac are still used today. I) Interest in astrology declined in Europe with the coming of Christianity as people sought guidance from religious leaders rather than from astrologers. Astrology regaine
16、d popularity during the A.D. 1100s. By the 1600s, it was particularly strong in England. Several astrological (历书 ) were published, and many other books either defended or attacked astrology. The number of followers of astrology fell in England during the 1700s, but the subjects popularity returned
17、again in the early 1800s. By the late 1800s and early 1900s, interest in astrology had spread to many other nations. Newspapers in England began publishing horoscope columns during the 1930s. Such columns soon appeared in newspapers throughout the world, and people became increasingly interested in
18、astrology. Today, astrology is followed more widely than ever before. J) Many people believe astrology is simply a superstition, and scientists declare that its whole basis is unscientific. Scientists point out that the earths position has changed in space since ancient times. As a result, the signs
19、 of the zodiac used by astrologers no longer match the constellations for which they were named. Some people who believe in astrology support it in terms of magnetic fields, solar storms and other natural occurrences. Others, though they also believe in astrology, claim that it cannot be supported s
20、cientifically. They consider it a set of powerful symbols that can provide a deep understanding of human beings. They defend astrology by pointing out that, in many cases, it works. 1 Astrologers hold the belief that the planets exert more influence on a person than other heavenly bodies do. 2 Publi
21、shing horoscope columns in newspapers helped to make astrology spread across the world widely. 3 Whenever the sun was in the constellation Aquarius, it rained heavily in Babylonia. 4 The discoveries of heavenly bodies that were against the principles of astrology led to great differences between ast
22、rology and astronomy in their methods and purposes. 5 Astrology is based on the conviction that the patterns the heavenly bodies form can tell a persons character or future. 6 Some people still believe in astrology, though they know it is unscientific, by claiming that it works in many cases. 7 Duri
23、ng the 1700s in England, astrology gained less popularity than before. 8 In astrology, the earth is regarded as the center of the solar system. 9 Since Mars appeared to be red, astrologers believed that it represented anger, aggression and war. 10 Its believed by the astrologers that the houses dete
24、rmine how the planets and the signs influence a persons daily life. 10 The US Congress A) The US congress is the legislative branch of the federal government. It is a bicameral (两院制的 ) law-making body of more than 500 members. Its two chambers are respectively called the House of Representatives and
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