1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 128及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 假设你是 Harry，给超市经理写封投诉信。内容包括： 1昨天你在超中购物时，发现所售牛奶过期； 2向售货员反映情况，对方只顾聊天，置之不理； 3希望经理告知此事的处理结果。 A Complaint Letter 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the pas
2、sage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in t
3、he passage. 2 Foods That Fight Disease The food you eat does more than provide energy. It can have a dramatic effect on your bodys ability to fight off heart disease, cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, and weak bones. With remarkable consistency, recent research has found that a diet hig
4、h in plant-based foods-fruits, vegetables, dried peas and beans, grains, and starchy staples such as potatoes-is the bodys best weapon in thwarting (阻止 ) many health- related problems. These foods work against so many diseases that the same healthy ingredients you might use to protect your heart or
5、ward off cancer will also benefit your intestinal tract and bones. Heres what is currently known about these different disease-fighting foods. Cancer Fighters Preventing cancer is a compelling reason to load up your cart in the produce department. Scientists have recently estimated that approximatel
6、y 30 to 40 percent of all cancers could be averted if people ate more fruits, vegetables, and plaint- based foods and minimized high-fat, high-calorie edibles that have scant nutritional value. Up to 70 percent of cancers might be eliminated if people also stopped smoking, exercised regularly, and c
7、ontrolled their weight. In the past, researchers had linked fat consumption with the development of cancers, but they currently believe that eating fruits, vegetables, and grains may be more important in preventing the disease than not eating fat. “The evidence about a high- fat diet and cancer seem
8、ed a lot stronger several years ago than it does now,“ says Melanie Polk, a registered dietitian and director of nutrition education at the American Institute for Cancer Research. Although scientists are still not certain about the specifics, theyre beginning to close in on the healthful constituent
9、s of plant-based foods. In particular, theyre looking closely at two components-antioxidants and phytochemicals. The antioxidants( carotenoids, such as beta carotene and lycopene, and vitamins C and E ) found in fruits, vegetables, and other plant-based foods fight free radicals (自由基 ), which are co
10、mpounds in the body that attack and destroy cell membranes. The uncontrolled activity of free radicals is believed to cause many cancers. The phytochemicals present in fruits and vegetables protect the body by stunting the growth of malignant cells. Phytochemicals, naturally occurring substances, in
11、clude indoles in cabbage or cauliflower, saponins in peas and beans, and isoflavones in soymilk and tofu. Investigators have only an inkling of how many phytochemicals exist and how they work. They are confident, however, that you can get a basketful of anti-cancer nutrients by mixing and matching a
12、t least five servings a day of fruits and vegetables with seven or more starchy or protein-rich plant foods such as grains, peas and beans, and potatoes. Supplements can help you get some of the benefits of these substances, but they are no replacement for real food. “When you take a supplement, you
13、re getting specific vitamins and minerals, but not the thousands of phytochemicals that might be present in fruits and vegetables,“ says registered dietitian Amy Jamieson of the Cleveland Clinic Foundation in Ohio. “If you eat a sweet potato with its skin, which is a great source of both beta carote
14、ne and fiber, youll consume at least 5,000 phytochemicals that arent present in a beta carotene supplement. Thats a really important difference.“ Digestive Tract Protectors Although the food you eat affects every system in your body, your digestive tract bears the initial brunt of your choices. To k
15、eep it running smoothly and disease-free, aim for a diet high in fiber. Unfortunately, most Americans eat only about half the 20 to 35 grams they need each day, even though fiber is readily available in raw and cooked fruits and vegetables, as well as in grain products such as breads, cereals, pasta
16、, and rice. Fiber comes in two forms, soluble and insoluble. Soluble fiber, found in fruits, vegetables, brown rice, oats, and barley, lowers blood cholesterol levels and slows the entry of glucose into the bloodstream, an important factor in preventing or controlling diabetes. Insoluble fiber, foun
17、d mainly in whole grains, fruit and vegetable peels, high fiber cereals, and wheat and com bran, keeps your digestive tract in order. Insoluble fiber soaks up water, adding the bulk that pushes possible cancer- causing substances( carcinogens ) out of the intestine. “Most research supports the prote
18、ctive effect of a diet high in fruits, vegetables, beans, and grains,“ says Polk, citing the American Institute for Cancer Researchs own 1997 report, “Food, Nutrition and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective,“ which reviewed 4,500 international studies before coming to this conclusion. Hea
19、rt-Saving Foods No other part of your body benefits more from good dietary choices than your cardiovascular (心血管的 ) system. What you eat, and choose not to eat, has a dramatic effect on your risk for heart disease and stroke. Saturated fat, found mostly in meat and full-fat dairy products, is the ma
20、jor culprit in raising blood cholesterol, the main ingredient of artery-clogging plaque. Overindulging in these foods raises the risk of developing heart disease. But you can lower this risk by shifting the emphasis so that nutrient and fiber-rich foods such as fruits, vegetables, and grains make up
21、 approximately two-thirds of what you eat each day. While fiber is the most important dietary adjunct in controlling blood cholesterol, fiber-rich foods contain other nutrients, including antioxidants and phytochemicals, which researchers believe also deter the buildup of plaque in arteries. But the
22、 mechanism is unclear. “Is it the nutrients in these foods that have a positive effect, or is it that the more of them you eat, the less fat-laden food you consume?“ asks Alice H. Lichtenstein, D. Sc., of the USDA Human Nutrition Research Center at Tufts University in Boston. “We dont know the answe
23、r right now, but its probably a combination of both.“ What is clear is that you can eat a heart-healthy diet and still include some fat. “Weve made people aware of cholesterol and fat,“ says Sayed F. Feghali, M.D., a cardiologist at the Texas Heart Institute in Houston. “Theres no question that satu
24、rated fat is the villain when it comes to cholesterol buildup in blood vessels. But we need some fat. We cannot function on a zero-fat diet.“ So be judicious in your choices. Restrict meat and dairy products to less than 10 percent of your daily calories. Try poultry, dried beans, eggs, and nuts for
25、 protein and energy. Soy products, when substituted for animal protein, show promise in reducing LDL (“bad“) cholesterol. Substitute heart-healthy monounsaturated oils, such as olive, canola, and peanut, for saturated and hydrogenated fats. Bone-Building Foods The road to strong bones is paved with
26、calcium-rich food. Leafy green vegetables and low-fat dairy products are excellent sources of calcium, the mineral that puts stiffness into your skeletal system and keeps your bones from turning rubbery and fragile. Your body uses calcium for more than keeping your bones strong. Calcium permits cell
27、s to divide, regulates muscle contraction and relaxation, and plays an important role in the movement of protein and nutrients inside cells. If you dont absorb enough from what you eat to satisfy these requirements, your body will take it from your bones. Because your body doesnt produce this essent
28、ial mineral, you must continually replenish the supply. Even though the recommended daily amount is 1,200 mg, most adults dont eat more than 500 mg. One reason may have been the perception that calcium-rich dairy products were also loaded with calories. “In the past, women, in particular, worried th
29、at dairy products were high in calories,“ says Letha Y. Griffin, M.D., of Peachtree Orthopaedics in Atlanta. “But today you can get calcium without eating any high-fat or high-calorie foods by choosing skim milk or low-fat yogurt.“ Also, low-fat dairy products contain phosphorous and magnesium and a
30、re generally fortified with vitamin D, all of which help your body absorb and use calcium. If you find it difficult to include enough calcium in your diet, ask your doctor about supplements. Theyre a potent way to get calcium as well as vitamin D and other minerals. But theres a downside. If you rel
31、y on pills in lieu of a calcium-rich diet, you wont benefit from the other nutrients that food provides. Getting the recommended vitamin D may be easy, since your body makes the vitamin when your skin is exposed to the suns rays. 2 This article is mainly about how to keep healthy through food and ex
32、ercises. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Researchers currently believe not eating fat is most important in preventing cancers. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 The phytochemicals present in fruits and vegetables protect the body by stunting the growth of malignant cells. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Supplements can be re
33、placement for real food. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 To keep digestive tract running smoothly and disease-free, aim for a diet high in fat. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 Your cardiovascular system benefits most from good dietary choices. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Calcium-rich food can help you get strong bones.
34、 （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 Because _ you must continually replenish the supply of calcium. 10 If you find it difficult to include enough calcium in your diet, _. 11 It may be easy to get vitamin D, since _ when your skin is exposed to the suns rays. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear
35、 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices mar
36、ked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） 1016. （ B） 1060. （ C） 508 （ D） 580 （ A） Father and daughter. （ B） Uncle and niece. （ C） Aunt and nephew. （ D） Cousins. （ A） She wasnt invited. （ B） She wasnt ready to come. （ C） She altered her decision. （ D） She forgot the invitation. （ A
37、） The door needs repairing. （ B） He had lost all his keys. （ C） He couldnt open the door. （ D） He wanted the woman to help him. （ A） Shes rather happy to hear so. （ B） Shes disappointed to hear so. （ C） Shes unhappy to hear so. （ D） Shes surprised to hear so. （ A） He thought it was a good car. （ B）
38、He thought it was too noisy. （ C） He thought there was something wrong with the car. （ D） He didnt like it. （ A） In a car. （ B） In a train. （ C） In a ship. （ D） In a plane. （ A） Shell go to the concert. （ B） Shell have a meeting. （ C） Shell watch her neighbors children. （ D） Shell visit her neighbor
39、. （ A） The effect of the atmosphere on rainfall. （ B） How water originated on earth. （ C） How conditions on earth support life. （ D） A new estimate of the age of earth. （ A） The surface of the ocean is expanding. （ B） The surface of earth contains tons of cosmic dust. （ C） Volcanic activity is incre
40、asing. （ D） Thousands of comets are colliding with earths atmosphere. （ A） They are found under the oceans. （ B） Their emissions created earths atmosphere. （ C） They were most active when earth was first formed. （ D） Their fumes are mostly water in the state of a gas. （ A） A desire to express onesel
41、f and display ones wealth. （ B） Love for beauty and a desire to impress other people. （ C） Individual taste and love for beauty. （ D） Individual taste and a desire to express oneself. （ A） They may be homesick, and feel insecure. （ B） They may try to attract other peoples attention. （ C） They are ei
42、ther cold or very sick. （ D） They want to protect themselves from physical injuries. （ A） Grin. （ B） Red. （ C） Yellow. （ D） Grey. （ A） Reporter and fashion designer. （ B） Shop assistant and customer （ C） Husband and wife. （ D） Teacher and student. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear
43、 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Given by the local government. （ B） Born by a large nu
44、mber of bitches. （ C） Bought from different cities and villages. （ D） Captured over grassland. （ A） 11-week course for control duty. （ B） 11-week course for patrol duty. （ C） 9-week course for control duty. （ D） 9-week course for patrol duty. （ A） Catching runaway criminals. （ B） Scratching the hidd
45、en bombs. （ C） Patrolling the dangerous town. （ D） Drug-sniffing or bomb-sniffing. （ A） Gold was discovered. （ B） The transcontinental railroad was completed. （ C） The Golden Gate Bridge was constructed. （ D） Telegraph communications were established with the East. （ A） About two million. （ B） About
46、 three million. （ C） About five million. （ D） About six million. （ A） 19 million dollars. （ B） 32 million dollars. （ C） 37 million dollars. （ D） 42 million dollars. （ A） Guarding the coasts of the United States （ B） Being part of the United States Navy. （ C） Guiding people along the coast. （ D） Prot
47、ecting people from enemy attacks. （ A） Enforcing laws controlling navigation, shipping, immigration and fishing. （ B） Enforcing taws affecting the privately-owned boats in the U. S. （ C） Searching for missing boats and rescuing people. （ D） Training people to be good swimmers along the beach. （ A） 1
48、7,000. （ B） 1,700. （ C） 70000 （ D） 7000 （ A） Dangerous. （ B） Hard. （ C） Exciting. （ D） Dull. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the sec
49、ond time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 37 There are 17 kinds of penguins in the world. All of them live in the southern【 B1】 . Only a few【 B2】 live on the continent of Antarctica at the bottom of the world. The emperor peng
