1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 149及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 A Motivation Speech 1大学新生应尽早订立明确的学习与人生目标 2确立目标的重要性 3如何订立远大、合理的目标 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions atta
2、ched to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 2 Industrial Revolution The ec
3、onomic development Industrial Revolution was a widespread replacement of manual labor by machines that began in Britain in the 18th century and is still continuing in some parts of the world. The Industrial Revolution was the result of many fundamental, interrelated changes that transformed agricult
4、ural economies into industrial ones. The most immediate changes were in the nature of production: what was produced, as well as where and how. Goods that had traditionally been made in the home or in small workshops began to be manufactured in the factory. Productivity and technical efficiency grew
5、dramatically, in part through the systematic application of scientific and practical knowledge to the manufacturing process. Efficiency was also enhanced when large groups of business enterprises were located within a limited area. The Industrial Revolution led to the growth of cities as people move
6、d from rural areas into urban communities in search of work. The social changes The changes brought by the Industrial Revolution overturned not only traditional economies, but also whole societies. Economic changes caused far-reaching social changes, including the movement of people to cities, the a
7、vailability of a greater variety of material goods, and new ways of doing business. The Industrial Revolution was the first step in modem economic growth and development. Economic development was combined with superior military technology to make the nations of Europe and other counterparts, such as
8、 the United States, the most powerful in the world in the 18th and 19th centuries. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain during the last half of the 18th century and spread through regions of Europe and to the United States during the following century. In the 20th century industrializati
9、on on a wide scale extended to parts of Asia and the Pacific Rim. Today mechanized production and modern economic growth continue to spread to new areas of the world, and much of humankind has yet to experience the changes typical of the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution is called a r
10、evolution because it changed society both significantly and rapidly. Over the course of human history, there has been only one other group of changes as significant as the Industrial Revolution. This is what anthropologists call the Neolithic (新石器时代的 ) Revolution, which took place in the later part
11、of the Stone Age. In the Neolithic Revolution, people moved from social systems based on hunting and gathering to much more complex communities that depended on agriculture and the domestication of animals. The Industrial Revolution brought a shift from the agricultural societies created during the
12、Neolithic Revolution to modern industrial societies. The social changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution were significant. As economic activities in many communities moved from agriculture to manufacturing, production shifted from its traditional locations in the home and the small worksho
13、p to factories. Large portions of the population relocated from the countryside to the towns and cities where manufacturing centers were found. The overall amount of goods and services produced expanded dramatically, and the proportion of capital invested per worker grew. New groups of investors, bu
14、sinesspeople, and managers took financial risks and reaped (收获 , 得到 ) great rewards. In the long run the Industrial Revolution has brought economic improvement for most people in industrialized societies. Many enjoy greater prosperity and improved health, especially those in the middle and the upper
15、 classes of society. There have been costs, however. In some cases, the lower classes of society have suffered economically. Industrialization has brought factory pollutants and greater land use, which have harmed the natural environment. In particular, the application of machinery and science to ag
16、riculture has led to greater land use and, therefore, extensive loss of habitat for animals and plants. In addition, drastic population growth following industrialization has contributed to the decline of natural habitats and resources. These factors, in turn, have caused many species to become exti
17、nct or endangered. The foundation in Europe Ever since the Renaissance, Europeans had been inventing and using even more complex machinery. Particularly important were improvements in transportation, such as faster ships, and communication, especially printing. These improvements played a key role i
18、n the development of the Industrial Revolution by encouraging the movement of new ideas and mechanisms, as well as the people who knew how to build and run them. Great Britain leads the way Then, in the 18th century in Britain, new production methods were introduced in several key industries, dramat
19、ically altering how these industries functioned. These new methods included different machines, fresh sources of power and energy, and novel forms of organizing business and labor. For the first time technical and scientific knowledge was applied to business practices on a large scale Humankind had
20、begun to develop mass production. The result was an increase in material goods, usually selling for lower prices than before. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain because social, political, and legal conditions there were particularly favorable to change. Property rights, such as those f
21、or patents (专利权 ) on mechanical improvements, were well established. More importantly, the predictable, stable rule of law in Britain meant that monarchs and aristocrats were less likely to arbitrarily seize earnings or impose taxes than they were in many other countries. As a result, earnings were
22、safer, and ambitious businesspeople could gain wealth, social prestige, and power more easily than could people on the European continent. These factors encouraged risk taking and investment in new business ventures, both crucial to economic growth. In addition, Great Britains government pursued a r
23、elatively hands-off economic policy. This free- market approach was made popular through Scottish philosopher and economist Adam Smith and his book The Wealth of Nations (1776). The hands-off policy permitted fresh methods and ideas to flourish with little interference or regulation. Britains nurtur
24、ing social and political setting encouraged the changes that began in a few trades to spread to others. Gradually the new ways of production transformed more and more parts of the British economy, although older methods continued in many industries. Several industries played key roles in Britains in
25、dustrialization. Iron and steel manufacture, the production of steam engines, and textiles were all powerful influences. Modern industry requires power to run its machinery. During the development of the Industrial Revolution in Britain, coal was the main source of power. Even before the 18th centur
26、y, some British industries had begun using the countrys plentiful coal supply instead of wood, which was much scarcer. Coal was adopted by the metalworking, glass and ceramics (制陶业 ) industries, demonstrating its potential for use in many industrial processes. 2 The passage gives an overall view of
27、the Industrial Revolution around the world. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Cities developed rapidly due to the migration upsurge in the Industrial Revolution. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Great changes took place in the social aspect with the rising economy, but business transactions were still performed tradit
28、ionally. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 The Neolithic Revolution led to the establishment of permanent settlements and, eventually, urban civilizations. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Economic benefit was only available to the rich people and the upper class in the process of industrialization. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C）
29、 NG 7 The environment was destroyed as a result of population explosion with the advancing of industrialization. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 The Industrial Revolution witnessed the extensive use of theoretical knowledge in practice. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 Besides economic growth, some great European po
30、wers ascended in the Industrialization Revolution because of their _. 10 The wide adoption of Britains hands-off policy was promoted by the thoughts of _. 11 In the Industrial Revolution, the factories in Britain took _ as the most important energy source for electricity. Section A Directions: In th
31、is section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must
32、read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Doctor and patient. （ B） Husband and wife. （ C） Boss and employee. （ D） Father and daughter. （ A） Boss and job hunter. （ B） Clerk and customer. （ C） Manager and waiter. （ D） Waiter and customer. （ A） At 9:30. （ B）
33、At 10:30. （ C） At 10:00. （ D） At 11:00. （ A） He came late because he had no money for taxi fee. （ B） He failed to come on time because of traffic jam. （ C） He failed to give a short notice because he had no change for a telephone call. （ D） He failed to come on time because he had a car problem. （ A
34、） Both of them like pop music. （ B） They both go to the concert very often. （ C） They like to go to museum very much. （ D） Both of them like classical music. （ A） Worse than the last match. （ B） The worst match he has ever watched. （ C） Better than the last match. （ D） The best match he has ever see
35、n. （ A） 35. （ B） 25. （ C） 45 （ D） 30 （ A） It doesnt matter which apartment the man chooses. （ B） Its a difficult decision. （ C） She doesnt like either apartment. （ D） The marl should choose a different apartment. （ A） The location of an art school. （ B） Information about a course.“ （ C） The differen
36、ces between two paintings. （ D） Where to register a course. （ A） A city planner. （ B） A column writer. （ C） A chemistry student. （ D） A landscape painter. （ A） They dry in a short time. （ B） They use unusual colors. （ C） They are easy to copy. （ D） They are pleasing to the eye. （ A） A presentation t
37、heyre going to do. （ B） Visiting a good friend of theirs. （ C） A TV program the man is watching. （ D） Studying for a coming test. （ A） Hes taking a rest from studying. （ B） He has already done with studying. （ C） He was asked to watch TV by his professor. （ D） Hes searching for some information. （ A
38、） He didnt know that she also took linear algebra course. （ B） He thought she wanted to study alone. （ C） He thought she wanted to study with Elizabeth. （ D） He had told her that he had done poorly on a recent test. （ A） He and Elizabeth had a fight recently. （ B） He heard Elizabeth also messed up o
39、n the last test. （ C） He doesnt want to bother Elizabeth so late in the evening. （ D） He prefers to study in his own dormitory. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be
40、spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） 110,000. （ B） 1.2 million. （ C） One million. （ D） Over a thousand. （ A） Heart disease and lung cancer. （ B） Heart disease and increased blood pressure. （ C） Increased blood p
41、ressure and lung cancer. （ D） Increased heart rate and lung cancer. （ A） It is a powerful and fast-acting drug. （ B） It causes the familiar yellow and brown stain. （ C） Increased heart rate, and blood disease. （ D） Increased heart rate, and blood pressure. （ A） A barber and businessman. （ B） A broad
42、caster. （ C） A businessman and broadcaster. （ D） A barber and broadcaster. （ A） He sent her to the University of Tennessee. （ B） He got her a job as a broadcaster. （ C） He gave her the discipline she needed. （ D） He taught her speech and performing arts. （ A） She was Americas first African-American
43、broadcaster. （ B） Ordinary people loved her. （ C） She dealt with very personal issues in a frank and honest way. （ D） She was a star in the film The Color Purple. （ A） Die. （ B） Become such people as George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison. （ C） Become very successful. （ D） Find it extremely diffi
44、cult to get a job. （ A） A college diploma will help one to get a successful career more easily. （ B） After college education, one should not pursue further education. （ C） After college education, one must have an MBA from a first-rate university. （ D） After college education, the more one gets educ
45、ation, the less he will earn after graduation. （ A） Physics or chemistry. （ B） English or history. （ C） Anthropology or political science. （ D） Language or philosophy. （ A） High school teachers. （ B） Taxi drivers. （ C） Waiters. （ D） Fruit sellers, Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear
46、 a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to
47、46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 37 If you were supposed to be at my house at 6: 00 p.m. for dinner, but you came at 8: 00 p.m., we would【 B1】 think you were quite impolite. However, if
48、you come from Brazil, the idea of being【 B2】 , or “on time“, might mean coming two hours late. In fact, being “early“ or “late“ depends on your cultural【 B3】 and no dictionary can give a clear【 B4】 of“early“ or “late“ because these ideas reflect “social time“ rather than real time. Even more【 B5】 is
49、 how people from other cultures explain their lateness. American students might say they simply had not cared that they were late. In【 B6】 , Brazilians would go out of their way to explain their lateness in a number of ways they were delayed by unforeseen or【 B7】 problems, for example. Or they might【 B8】 the reasons of being late to reasons that you might never think of. Some American students might feel very guilty and blame themselves, but【 B9】 . Another surprising difference that researchers discove
