1、专业英语四级（阅读）-试卷149及答案解析 (总分：30.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、READING COMPREHENSIO(总题数：11，分数：30.00)1.PART V READING COMPREHENSION_2.SECTION AIn this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one th
2、at you think is the best answer._The government has launched its consultation on better measures of child poverty, but it really has to be asked, better for whom? This is a government that looks set to preside over a truly dramatic increase in child poverty. The Institute for Fiscal Studies projects
3、 that after a decade of steady reductions in child poverty rates, 300, 000 more children will be living in poverty in the U. K. by 2015. Big cuts to tax credits, a three-year freeze in child benefit, uprating out-of-work benefits using CPI rather than the more generous RPIall will make vulnerable fa
4、milies poor over the course of this parliament, So what does the government do about it? Rather than review its policies and ask how it can seek to fulfill its legal commitments under the Child Poverty Act 2010, it launches a consultation on the way that child poverty is measured. Poverty is a compl
5、ex phenomenon and no single indicator can fully capture the condition. The CPA 2010 recognizes this, urging governments to make progress against four specific measures; relative poverty, absolute poverty, material deprivation and persistent poverty. Alongside this, we also track numerous other indic
6、ators of child well-being in the U. K. such as educational achievement, health outcomes and subjective experience. Both lain Duncan Smith and David Laws sought to convince the audience at the launch of the consultation that the government was not in retreat from the income measures contained in the
7、CPA 2010. But in truth, the consultation document is peppered with digs at the relative measure, suggesting that changes to this indicator do not tell us anything meaningful about real poverty. The consultation also seeks to dilute the relevance of income by developing a multidimensional indicator o
8、f child poverty. This indicator will blend together measures of worklessness, unmanageable debt and family stability among others to produce a single headline number that can be tracked over time. At best, the government is combining poverty with its many consequences. At worst, it is simply changin
9、g the yardstick against which they will be measured. Consider, for example, the proposal that parental worklessness be a key defining feature of the new child poverty measure. Using current definitions, 60% of children living in poverty today have at least one parent in work. Any measure that insist
10、s poverty is about worklessness will simply airbrush these 1.4 million children out of the picture altogether. Equally worryingly, the consultation insists that any new poverty measure must resonate with the public. The latest British Social Attitudes survey shows just how widespread negative views
11、of vulnerable groups in society are, but also makes clear that much of this shift in public opinion has been caused by current and previous government policies. So, should we expect better measures of child poverty as a result of the consultation? Not better for the children growing up in low-income
12、 families for sure. And given the broader costs to society of child poverty, not better for anyone elseexcept, perhaps, a government that we suspect may be trying to avoid being held to account.（分数：6.00）(1).What will NOT lead vulnerable families to poverty according to the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A
13、.Sharp decline in tax credits.B.A three-year freeze in child benefit.C.Increasing unemployment benefits.D.The adoption of RPI instead of CPI.(2).The multidimensional indicator adopts the following measures EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.educational accomplishmentB.unemploymentC.unpayable debtD.family stability(
14、3).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.we can get better measures of child poverty from this consultationB.changing the child poverty measures cant help poor childrenC.the government cant benefit from better measures of child povertyD.the government avoids taking the responsi
15、bilityComedys legendary Monty Python membersyou know, Im a lumberjack(伐木工)and Im okay, the Killer Rabbit, the Dead Parrotwere tired of seeing their legendary sketches pirated and fuzzily posted on YouTube, free to whoever wanted a quick laugh. So they posted their own, higher-quality versions on You
16、Tubealso freebut let fans know that complete DVD versions were available for purchase. Sales rose 23, 000 percent. Free worked, and worked brilliantly. People are making lots of money charging nothing. Not nothing for everything, but nothing for enough that we have essentially created a country-size
17、d economy around the price of $0.00. Anderson, 48, the editor of Wired magazine, discussed the allure of zero with Jesse Kornbluth. In the 20th century, free meant giving away one thing to create demand for another. Get a free cell phone, for example, by buying a monthly plan. What is free now? Yes,
18、 20th-century free was about real objects made of atoms. Real costs were involved, so the consumer paid one way or another. In the 21st century, free is digital bit with marginal costs. For all practical purposes, they really are free. In the digital economy, someone pays, but increasingly its not y
19、ou. Google and Wikipedia, for example, dont show up on your credit card. So how do you pay? Not with money, but with your time and attention. Some resources, of course, are scarce and getting scarcer; you pay for those. Digital goods and services, because they can be reproduced and distributed at al
20、most no cost, are abundant. Once youve given content away on the Web, can you get people to pay? Absolutely. Use free to get an audience, then segment your user base so you have a free version and a premium one. The Wall Street Journal created a clever hybridsome free articles, some available only t
21、o paid subscribers. I get the sense thatwhen it comes to news, anywaywell soon have two classes of Internet users: 1)people who have money and will pay for quality reporting and analysis, and 2)people who are less well-off or care less about quality and will accept any information thats free. So the
22、 elite will be better informed, and others may get trashier media. Im simply observing what happens in economics when marginal costs fall. In economic terms, free is the law of gravity. I dont tell the apple to fall; it just falls. I dont tell water to flow downhill; it just does. In that way, its s
23、imple: As costs approach zero, free prevails.（分数：6.00）(1).We can infer from the second and third paragraphs that in the 21st century_.（分数：2.00）A.all information is freeB.digital economy has been the most importantC.the real free commodity finally shows upD.a free cell phone does not exist any more(2
24、).It can be inferred from the sentence / dont tell the apple to fall; it just falls. in the last paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.free has been the trendB.apple will fall when ripensC.the fall of apple is a natural phenomenonD.all people will have free lunch(3).According to the passage, which one is CORRE
25、CT?（分数：2.00）A.Complete DVD versions were all free on YouTube.B.The conception of free is the same as that of the 20th century.C.In the digital economy you will pay nothing to get information.D.You will pay if you require the quality reporting and analysis.Each of us has abilities, whether physical,
26、mental or social. What most of us dont realize is that teaching these skills to children can help transform their lives. Thats why coaching can have such an enormous impact. For American kids, learning not only a skill but also how to work together is the perfect foundation for their future success.
27、 Maybe you dont like athletics or havent pursued them since grade school, but dont give up on coaching just yet. Neither coaching nor teamwork is the exclusive province of sports. The stunning resurgence in the popularity of spelling bees demonstrates that competition, dedication, and big goals can
28、be part of all childrens lives. In fact, there are all kinds of coaching experiences available that have nothing to do with muscles and games. From debating to building robots to making music, team-oriented programs for kids are exploding, and they all need people like us to help. Think about your s
29、kills. Are you good at chess? Tennis? Maybe you give a speech like Daniel Webster. Then find out what programs are at your local schools, library, or community center that align with your specialty. And if there isnt a program, take the next step. For children in areas in which funds are scarce, the
30、re arent many activities to choose from at schools or community centers. Stand up for those kids and ask yourself what you can do to create a new team opportunity. Remember also that children who are new to a craft or sport dont need a great master, just some guidance. In other words, you dont have
31、to be Tiger Woods to teach golf or Annie Leibowitz to teach photography. You just have to be willing to share yourself. Show a child how to play Scrabble, solve crossword puzzles, debate, care for bonsai(盆景), build Lego sculptures, work with papier-mache(纸塑), or figure out Rubiks Cube. Theres a tour
32、nament out there for just about every skill; why not give a child the thrill of being recognized for a new talent? And yes, coaching baseball, football, basketball, soccer, or any other traditional sport is always an amazing way to give. We cant emphasize it enough: Our societys obsession with popul
33、ar culture and video games is often in direct conflict with the values of hard work and collaboration, and ongoing improvement that we so want our children to have. Absent a counterbalance(平衡物), these cultural forces teach kids to become passive spectators in life. Help children learn that they can
34、achieve anything they set their minds on, and not watch life go by from the lonely isolation of a sofa.（分数：4.00）(1).According to the author, the American kids_.（分数：2.00）A.have to face their lives impactB.cant realize their future successC.need to learn how to collaborateD.have serious learning probl
35、ems(2).It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that_.（分数：2.00）A.golf and photography skills dont fit childrenB.there must be a tournament for the skill you teachC.getting ready to share is the basis of helping childrenD.traditional sports are neglected by the children nowDiamonds, sparkling under an Afr
36、ican sun, have an attraction commensurate(相称的)with their high price and beauty. For Anglo-American the opportunity to get their hands on some more has proved too much to resist. On November 4th the global mining giant announced that it would acquire the 40% of De Beers, a company that mines two-fift
37、hs of the worlds diamonds, from the Oppenheimer family for $5.1 billion. This takes Anglo-Americans stake in De Beers to 85% ; the rest is owned by the government of Botswana, where the firm digs up its gems. The price looks right. Demand for diamonds has bounced back after the credit crisis in 2008
38、 and the following recession in the rich world. More and more wealthy Indians and Brazilians seem keen to sport a rock to show just how well they are doing. And the shrewd Oppenheimers do not seem to be getting out of the business because its future looks bleak, here is apparently no family member w
39、ho wants to take on diamond mining. Nicky Oppenheimer, De Beerss chairman, foresaw the sale in February when he stood down from the board of Anglo-American. For Anglo-American it resolves the issue of its non-controlling stake in De Beers. Analysts have long reckoned it should either sell or try to
40、increase its stake. In fact the firm might yet spin off De Beers with an IPO. The terms of the deal allow the Oppenheimers to pocket some more cash from a flotation(债券发行)or sale in the next couple of years, suggesting that such an outcome is not unlikely. It would also make sense. Anglo-American is
41、a different beast to the global diversified mining giants that would count as its competitors. It stood apart from the wave of mining mega-mergers over the past decade or soexcept as a potential target. The consolidation and the emergence of huge markets for the worlds resources have propelled BHP B
42、illiton, for instance, to become one of the worlds biggest listed companies. Many would claim that Anglo-American has suffered as a result. Once one of the worlds biggest miners, it now ranks alongside Xstrata, a company just ten years old, which in 2009 even attempted a nil-premium takeover of Angl
43、o. It also has a significant portion of its assets in South Africa. And unlike its peers it has a large platinum business, as well as all the diamonds. Anglo-Americans recent strategy has been to diversify out of South Africa, where the threat of nationalization, scarcely credible but a fear for inv
44、estors none the less, hangs over it. Black-empowerment laws, a scarcity of water and electricity as well as an obstinate workforce make it a difficult place to operate. Botswana is far more accommodating, but it might also make sense to get out of diamonds: it is a business that is more about brandi
45、ng the rocks and less about the savvy(懂行的)capital deployment and logistical(物流的)know-how that are the hallmarks of the mining business. If that is Anglos eventual aim, then the deal looks like a smart move.（分数：4.00）(1).According to Paragraph 1, we can know that Anglo-American_.（分数：2.00）A.would acqui
46、re a 40% holding of De BeersB.mines two-thirds of the worlds diamondsC.will earn $5.1 billion from Oppenheimer familyD.digs up most of its gems in South America(2).According to the passage, which of the following statements about global mining business is INCORRECT?（分数：2.00）A.Anglo-American has beco
47、me a mining mega-merger.B.BHP Billiton has become one of the biggest listed companies.C.Anglo-American was once almost taken over by a company of ten years old.D.Xstrata has a business in South Africa both in platinum and diamonds.3.SECTION BIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with No more than TEN words in the space provided._4.PASSAGE ONE（分数：2.00）_5.PASSAGE TWO（分数：2.00）_
