1、专业英语四级（阅读）-试卷167及答案解析 (总分：30.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、READING COMPREHENSIO(总题数：11，分数：30.00)1.PART V READING COMPREHENSION_2.SECTION AIn this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one th
2、at you think is the best answer._In recent years criticisms have been voiced concerning sexist bias in the English language. It has been argued that some of the vocabulary and grammar we use reflects and reinforces a traditional view of the world as one in which men are dominant and women play a sec
3、ondary role. Take the word chairman , for example. While this can in fact apply to people of both sexes, it appears to some people to be male-oriented as it ends in man. In the past people taking the role of chairman were exclusively male, and the word was obviously originally a compound of chair an
4、d man. Many English speakers, however, have ceased to view this word as a compound and no more feel it to be composed of two units, chair and man, than they perceive cupboard as composed of cup and board. In addition the continued use of chairman might be defended on the grounds that the final sylla
5、ble is pronounced /mn/ rather than / maen/, just like the final syllable of woman. Despite such considerations other speakers take a contrary view and are sensitive to the components of which it is made up. They clearly perceive it as a title which perpetuates traditional ideas about the place of wo
6、men in society. For this reason they seek to replace it with neutral terms such as chairperson or chair , so that it is now possible to ask questions such as: Who is chair of the committee? Other changes advocated include the replacement of words such as postman, fireman and policeman with more clea
7、rly neutral terms such as postal worker, fire-fighter and police officer. There is, however, continuing controversy about how far such language changes should go. Should changes also be considered to traditional idioms such as man in the street and titles such as Peking Man? What about those words w
8、here the male meaning of man is no longer dominant, such as manhandle? To the extent that changes have taken place, they have done so more in the written language and formal pronouncements than in everyday speech. You would be quite likely to read in the paper that Postal workers are to receive a pa
9、y increase. But Has the postman been? would be most likely to be heard in informal conversation. Here postman remains firmly entrenched in popular usage. The lack of a sex-neutral third-person singular in English has also attracted attention. How, for example, do we fill in the blank in the followin
10、g sentence? A good teacher always makes sure -is well prepared for the lesson. Traditionally, this would be filled in with he. The male pronoun in such cases is clearly intended to refer to both sexes. It is still widely used in this way, but some people, especially women, dislike it. They may prefe
11、r to add the female pronoun to the male, as in A good teacher always makes sure he or she is well prepared for the lesson. Some people, however, feel that this looks and sounds awkward. Another solution is to use the plural they for the singular; A good teacher always makes sure they are well prepar
12、ed for the lesson. This is often heard in conversation, but is less frequent in formal written English. More cautious souls can avoid the problem altogether by rephrasing in the plural: Good teachers always make sure they are well prepared for the lesson. The extent to which language reflects and sh
13、apes attitudes and behaviors is a matter of conjecture. Chinese, Japanese, Persian and Turkish do not make the kinds of sex distinctions English makes through its system of pronouns, but it would be difficult to maintain that males who speak these languages are less sexist than males who speak Engli
14、sh!（分数：6.00）(1).What is the best title for the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The Place of Women in SocietyB.He or SheC.Chairman or ChairwomanD.Language and Sexist Bias(2).What can we infer from Paragraph 2?（分数：2.00）A.Chairperson or chair is the neutral term of chairman or chairwoman.B.It is not necessary to re
15、place chairman with chairperson.C.Chairman can express the same meaning as the word chairwoman.D.People are very sensitive to the use of chairman in the past.(3).All of the following statements are CORRECT EXCEPT that_.（分数：2.00）A.Japanese does not make the kinds of sex distinctions English makes thr
16、ough its system of pronounsB.Japanese are less sexist than males who speak EnglishC.traditionally we say A good teacher always makes sure he is well prepared for the lesson. D.in order to avoid the problem we can use plural form to replace the singularCongratulations! You wowed your prospective empl
17、oyers on your first interview and have been called back for an encore. So, how will the second interview be different from the first? This time around, expect to spend more time at the company, talk to more people, individually and collectively, and have your skills and personality scrutinized more
18、closely. The Employers Point of View From an employers perspective, the second interview is a chance to closely evaluate a candidates abilities and interpersonal skills. Your prospective employer wants to see that you can do the job and work well with colleagues. Be aware that many employers bring i
19、n several candidates, on the same day to streamline the second interview process. Your challenge is to distinguish yourself from the other candidates. To show youre a good fit with the company, focus on explaining how your abilities and experiences would enable you to do the job. Be specific. Offer
20、concrete examples that highlight your competence and compatibility. Who Youll Meet On your first interview, you probably met with one or two people. This time, be prepared to meet several more over the course of the day, including potential managers, coworkers and other staff members. You may meet i
21、ndividually with several people, who will most likely ask you similar questions. Keep your answers consistent but mix up your delivery so that your answers dont sound stale or staged. If possible, before the interview acquire a list of the people youll be meeting with and do a little research on eac
22、h one. Then ask questions that show your knowledge of each person, If you meet with a panel or group, be sure to make eye contact with both the individual asking the question and the group as a whole. Steps for Follow Up Its rare to receive an offer on the spot, but it does happen occasionally. If t
23、he feedback is consistently positive over the course of the day, you may get a job offer at the end of the interview. If that happens, dont make a hasty decision. Ask for time to think about it. If you dont get an offer, be sure to immediately send a brief thank you note to every person you spoke wi
24、th. Some companies make hiring decisions in a matter of days, but many can take weeks to make their final choice. Be patient, be flexible and be ready for an offer or an invitation for yet another interview.（分数：6.00）(1).The passage is mainly concerned with_.（分数：2.00）A.the second interviewB.the first
25、 interviewC.an unexpected interviewD.the steps of interview(2).Which of the following is NOT the purpose of the second interview according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.To discuss the salary.B.To closely evaluate a candidates abilities.C.To see whether you can do the job and cooperate well with colleagu
26、es.D.To evaluate your interpersonal skills.(3).Which of the following is NOT recommended before and during meeting with the interviewer?（分数：2.00）A.To try to acquire a list of the people youll be meeting with before the interview.B.To keep your answers consistent but mix up your delivery.C.Not to mak
27、e eye contact with the interviewers.D.To try to do a little research on each interviewer if possible.Until recently, I thought that there would never again be an opportunity to be involved with an industry as socially destructive as the subprime mortgage industry, said Steve Eisman, a hedge-fund man
28、ager who made a lot of money during the financial crisis by shorting bank shares, to Congress in June. I was wrong. The for-profit education industry has proven equal to the task. Americas for-profit colleges are under fire, and the Obama administration is preparing tough new regulations for them. A
29、lthough recent scandals suggest higher education needs to be better regulated, discriminating against the for-profit sector could do wider damage. The notion that profit is too dirty a motive to be allowed in a business as fine as education is pervasive. Even Britains Conservatives, determined thoug
30、h they are to introduce radical educational reforms, have drawn the line at allowing for-profit schools to get state funding. America has generally been more liberal; and, with the state and non-profit colleges cutting back, the for-profit sector has been doing startlingly well. In 20082009, some 3,
31、 000 for-profit colleges educated 3. 2m students59% more than three years earlier, and 11.7% of all students. Yet recent government reports suggest that some of these colleges have a troublingly familiar business model: selling a low-grade product to people who are paying with subsidized government
32、loans. The Department of Education reported that most students at many of these universities were defaulting on their loans. Similarly, an investigation by the Government Accountability Office found that even leading for-profit colleges such as Kaplan and the University of Phoenix had engaged in cun
33、ning practices to recruit students and encourage them to borrow large sums to pay for their courses. Among the most controversial of the new rules due to be introduced on November 1st is a gainful employment requirement that would make a course eligible(合格的)for government loans only if enough curren
34、t or past students are repaying their loans. The for-profit colleges maintain that they have high drop-out rates because their students are poorer than those in the state and nonprofit sector, and that the gainful-employment rule will simply reduce access to higher education for poorer people. Don G
35、raham, boss of the Washington Post Company, which owns Kaplan, has suggested that private colleges should be required to refund all fees if a student decides to drop out during his first term in order to drive out all the bad actors from the industry. Constructive suggestions are rare in a debate th
36、at has mixed a lot of rhetorical cant with a big principle. The cant is more obvious. The American right cites Barack Obamas proposals as another sign that he hates capitalism. Yet not only abuses plainly occurred but for-profit colleges are hardly poster children for free enterprise: they are alrea
37、dy heavily regulated, not least because most of the loans to students are provided by the government. The left, from its non-profit redoubts, claims that these are big businesses exploiting the little guy. The principle? Concentrate on the quality of the education, not the ownership. All sorts of co
38、lleges seem to have been guilty of shabby marketing. They should be treated the same. Good rulessuch as Mr. Grahams oneshould apply to non-profit and for-profit colleges alike. Singling out for-profits for special attention risks depriving students, and America at large, of the full benefits in inno
39、vation and cost-effectiveness that the profit motive has generally brought to higher education. That really would be socially destructive.（分数：4.00）(1).The deficiency of some for-profit colleges is that they_.（分数：2.00）A.offer inferior education to the studentsB.always fail to pay the government loans
40、C.discourage their students from applying for government loans for tuitionD.only recruit students from the well-off families(2).According to the for-profit colleges, which of the following is CORRECT about the gainful-employment rule?（分数：2.00）A.More poorer people cant get the opportunity of higher e
41、ducation.B.More poorer students will get government loans easily.C.The rule will make any course eligible for government loans.D.The rule will reduce the high drop-out rates.Dave Walsh, web editor on board the Rainbow Warrior again this year, gave the following account of the 2004 expedition that fo
42、llowed the activities of seven ships as they trawled seamounts for target species of orange roughly. We watched them raising tons of fish, coralsand even rocks from the ocean floor! Dozens of species of unwanted deep sea life, snapped from habitat 1000km below us, were turfed over the side of the bo
43、ttom trawlers, internal organs blown apart from the violent change in pressure. Hundreds of albatrossa bird usually considered a loner, drifting at the mercy of the winds-squabbled over the dead or dying fish. Among the huge amounts of bottom dwelling marine life including fish, sea stars, squid, se
44、a urchins and ghost sharks that were hauled up and discarded, was a delicate branch of endangered black coral, a species listed on the UN Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species(CITES)for over 20 years. Black coral is also protected in adjacent New Zealand waters. Corals are the foun
45、dation of unique deep-sea communities and their destruction affects everything else living in or near them on the sea floor. Speaking at a press conference on board the Rainbow Warrior in Auckland harbour to launch the current expedition, oceans campaigner Carmen Gravatt said Bottom trawling is the
46、most destructive fishing practice in the world. The deep sea is the largest pool of undiscovered life on Earth. Bottom trawling these unknown worlds is like blowing up Mars before we get there. Recently, in collaboration with the Scottish Association for Marine Science(SAMS), we also concluded the e
47、xploration of a little-known coral reef complex off the west of Scotland. Using remotely operated vehicles(small, unmanned submarines), scientists studied and documented the reef, its cold water corals and the numerous species it is thought to host. Previous surveys of the reef conducted by SAMS fou
48、nd that parts of the coral formation are 3, 800 years old and the base may be over 10, 000 years old. Next week, our political advisor Karen Sack will speak at a UN meeting on Oceans. Will the Rainbow Warrior once again unearth crucial evidence so the UN can see with their own eyes that a moratorium is needed? Each day bottom trawling continues, more deep sea life gets wiped out and the situation becomes more critical, said Gravatt. A
