1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 196及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about Science and Human Life in 3 paragraphs. You are given the first sentence of each paragraph and are required to develop its idea in completing the paragraph. You should write n
2、o less than 120 words for your composition, not including the given words in each paragraph. Science and Human Life In modern times science to human beings is like food to our bodies. _ But when it is wrongly used, its destructive power is uncontrollable and terrible. _ People are trying hard to mak
3、e better use of science. _ 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the i
4、nformation given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Measuring Human Behavior Psychological Testing is the measurement of some aspect of human behavior by procedures consist
5、ing of carefully prescribed con tent, methods of administration, and interpretation. The test may address any aspect of intellectual or emotional functioning, including personality traits, attitudes, intelligence, or emotional concerns. Interpretation is based on a comparison of the individuals resp
6、onses with those previously obtained to establish appropriate standards for the test scores. The usefulness of psychological tests depends on their accuracy in predicting behavior. By providing information about the probability of a persons responses or performance, tests aid in making a variety of
7、decisions. The primary drive behind the development of the major tests used today was the need for practical guidelines for solving social problems. The first useful intelligence test was prepared in 1905 by the French psychologists Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon. The two developed a 30item scale t
8、o ensure that no child could be denied instruction in the Paris school system without formal examination. In 1916, the American psychologist Lewis Terman produced the first Stanford Revision of the BinetSimon scale to provide comparison standards for Americans from age three to adulthood. The test w
9、as further revised in 1937 and 1960, and today the Stanford Binet remains one of the most widely used intelligence tests. The need to classify soldiers during World War I resulted in the development of two group intelligence tests Army Alpha and Army Beta. To help detect soldiers who might break dow
10、n in combat, the American psychologist Robert Woodworth designed the Personal Data Sheet, a forerunner of the modern personality inventory. During the 1930s controversies over the nature of intelligence led to the development of the WechslerBellevue Intelligence Scale, which not only provided an ind
11、ex of general mental ability but also revealed patterns of intellectual strengths and weaknesses. The Wechsler tests now extend from the preschool through the adult age range and are at least as prominent as the StanfordBinet. As interest in the newly emerging field of psychoanalysis grew in the 193
12、0s, two important projective techniques introduced systematic ways to study unconscious motivation: the Rorschach or inkblot testdeveloped by the Swiss psychiatrist Hermann Rorschach using a series of inkblots on cards, and a storytelling procedure called the Thematic Apperception Testdeveloped by t
13、he American psychologists Henry A. Murray and C. D. Morgan. Both of these tests are frequently included in contemporary personality assessment. In educational settings, intelligence and achievement tests are administered routinely to assess individual accomplishment and to improve instruction and cu
14、rriculum planning. Elementary schools use kindergarten and firstgrade screening procedures to determine readiness for reading and writing programs. Screening tests also identify developmental, visual, and auditory problems for which the child may need special assistance. If the childs progress in sc
15、hool is un usually slow, or if he or she shows signs of a learning disability or behavior disorder, testing may clarify whether the difficulty is neurologically or emotionally based. Many high schools administer interest inventories and aptitude tests to assist in the students educational or vocatio
16、nal planning. In clinics or hospitals, psychological tests may be administered for purposes of diagnosis and treatment planning. Clinical tests can provide information about overall personality functioning and the need for psychotherapy; testing also may focus of some specific question, such as the
17、presence or absence of organically based brain disorder. Clinical testing usually involves a battery of test, interpreted as a whole, to describe intellectual and emotional states. Decisions about treatment do not depend exclusively on psychological test results but are based on the judgment of rele
18、vant staff members with whom the psychologist collaborates. Tests are also used in industrial and organizational settings, primarily for selection and classification. Selection procedure provides guidelines for accepting or rejecting candidates for jobs. Classification procedures, which are more com
19、plex, aim to specify the types of positions for which an individual seems best suited. Intelligence testing is usually supplemented by methods devised expressly to meet the needs of the organization. The major psychological testing controversies stem from two interrelated issues: technical shortcomi
20、ngs in test design and ethical problems in interpretation and application of results. Some technical weaknesses exist in all tests. Because of this, it is crucial that results be viewed as only one kind of information about any individual. Most criticisms of testing arise from the overvaluation of a
21、nd inappropriate reliance on test results in making major life decisions. These criticisms have been particularly relevant in the case of intelligence testing. Psychologists generally agree that using tests to bar youngsters from educational opportunities, without careful consideration of past and p
22、resent resources or motivation, is unethical. Because tests tend to draw on those skills associated with white, mid dieclass functioning, they may discriminate against disadvantaged and minority groups. As long as unequal learning opportunities exist, they will continue to be reflected ii1 test resu
23、lts. The American Psychological Association continues to work actively to monitor and refine ethical standards and public policy recommendations regarding the use of psychological testing. 2 The first useful intelligence test emerged in 1905 prepared by Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon. （ A） Y （ B） N
24、 （ C） NG 3 The StanfordBinet intelligence test is comprised of multiple choice questions. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 During the World War I, psychologist Robert Woodworth de signed the Personal Data Sheet to help detect soldiers who had an especially high level of intelligence. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5
25、The Wechsler tests are not nearly as prominent as the Stanford Binet tests. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Swiss psychiatrist Hermann Rorschach invented a storytelling procedure called the Thematic Apperception Test. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 Most criticisms of testing arise from the overvaluation of and in
26、appropriate reliance on test results in making major life decisions, especially in the case of intelligence testing. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 This passage is mainly about the development of psychological tests and their practical use. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 In academic settings, _ identify developme
27、ntal, visual, and auditory problems for which thechild may need special assistance. 10 The clinical purpose is to provide information about _ and the need for psychotherapy. 11 In industrial and organizational settings, tests are used mainly for _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hea
28、r 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices ma
29、rked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） The tickets have already been sold out. （ B） They will probably not be able to get the ticket. （ C） They have to wait for a long while to get the ticket. （ D） They have to wait fifty minutes before they get the ticket. （ A） The man may ha
30、ve to reschedule his trip. （ B） The man should take his vacation somewhere else. （ C） She hasnt called the travel agent yet. （ D） She doesnt know when her semester ends. （ A） It would be better to choose more. （ B） Three people have taken the course. （ C） The man should attend tile class at three. （
31、 D） Four courses may be too many. （ A） The man is a forgetful person. （ B） The typewriter is not new. （ C） The man can have the typewriter later. （ D） The man misunderstood her. （ A） She can help the man. （ B） The servant need some help. （ C） The complaint will be helpful. （ D） The complaint wont re
32、ally do any good. （ A） Teachers like Professor Johnson are rare. （ B） Professor Johnson has won a million dollars. （ C） Professor Johnson is likely to be teaching at that school. （ D） There are many teachers as good as Professor Johnson. （ A） Get some change from Jane. （ B） Use the womans phone. （ C
33、） Go and look for a pay phone. （ D） Pay for the phone call. （ A） Its still raining and the wind is blowing. （ B） The wind has stopped, but it is still raining. （ C） Both tile wind and the rain have stopped. （ D） The day is still not good. （ A） An affluent one. （ B） A Ix)or one. （ C） A suburban one.
34、（ D） A rural one. （ A） She is serving her guests. （ B） She is singing songs. （ C） She is working hard. （ D） She is looking at the city. （ A） Work. （ B） Play. （ C） Sleep. （ D） Both A and B. （ A） Alcohol. （ B） Electricity. （ C） Synthetic fuel. （ D） Solar energy. （ A） New traffic rules. （ B） Traffic ja
35、ms on highways. （ C） Air traffic conditions. （ D） Road conditions. （ A） Arrive early for boarding. （ B） Carry little baggage. （ C） Undergo security checks. （ D） Go through a health check. （ A） To explain a new requirement for graduation. （ B） To interest students in a community service project. （ C）
36、 To discuss the problems of elementary school students. （ D） To recruit elementary school teachers for a special program. （ A） Lovely and nice. （ B） Dreadful. （ C） Too small. （ D） Too large. （ A） Father and daughter. （ B） Landlord and lodger. （ C） Husband and wife. （ D） Teacher and student. （ A） He
37、likes the animal. （ B） He doesnt allow the cat to go upstairs at all. （ C） He likes the animals and allows the cat to go upstairs. （ D） He likes the cat and doesnt allow the cat to go upstairs. （ A） Classroom rules. （ B） Ways of painting. （ C） Cooking measures. （ D） House rules. Section B Directions
38、: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） They do not harm anyon
39、e. （ B） They usually look more frightening. （ C） They cause damage to buildings or bridges. （ D） They are much less thrilling than in reality. （ A） He used a glass bowl. （ B） He applied a small amount of electricity. （ C） The director gave him an idea. （ D） He edited the pictures and put them togeth
40、er later. （ A） A housewife, （ B） A singer. （ C） A teacher. （ D） A musician. （ A） The violin was too expensive. （ B） She was too young to play the violin. （ C） The violin was too big for her. （ D） Her mother wanted her to play the piano. （ A） To play the violin once again. （ B） To go to the United St
41、ates. （ C） To apply for a scholarship life. （ D） To make a recording of her performance. （ A） To live a more comfortable life, （ B） To give performances them. （ C） To be a pupil of a famous violinist. （ D） To enter a famous university, Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage t
42、hree times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are r
43、equired to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 The modern age is an age of electricity. People are so used to electric lights, radios, televisions, and telephones that it is hard to【 B1】 _what life would be li
44、ke without them. When there is a power failure, people【 B2】 _about in faint candlelight, cars【 B3】 _in the streets because there are no traffic lights to guide them, and food【 B4】 _. in silent in refrigerators. Yet people began to understand how electricity works only a little more than two centurie
45、s ago. Nature has【 B5】 _been experimenting in this field for millions of years. Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world may hold many interesting【 B6】 _of electricity that could benefit【 B7】 _ All living【 B8】 _send out tiny pulses of electricity.【 B9】 _The brain, too, sends ou
46、t brain waves of electricity, which can be recorded in an electric device.【 B10】 _ often so small that sensitive instruments are needed to record them. But for some animals, certain muscled cells have become so specialized as electrical generators that they do not work as muscle cells at all.【 B11】
47、_. 37 【 B1】 38 【 B2】 39 【 B3】 40 【 B4】 41 【 B5】 42 【 B6】 43 【 B7】 44 【 B8】 45 【 B9】 46 【 B10】 47 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Rea
48、d the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. 47 In 1884 the famous philosopher and
49、psychologist William James presented a relatively simple and extremely useful theory of emotion. Although there is【 S1】_over this theory in some academic circles, the theory has great【 S2】_value for many of us. “Our natural way of thinking about emotions is that the mental perception of some fact excites the mental affection called the emotion(for example, fear and that this【 S3】_state of mind gives rise to the bodily expressio
