1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 253及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 1. 你对礼貌行为的看法 2. 举例说明在公共场所应提倡的礼貌行为 3. 你的结论 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. Fo
2、r questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 The City In one sense, we can trace all the problem
3、s of the American city back to a single starting point: we Americans dont like our cities very much. That is, on file face of it, absurd (荒谬的 ). After all, more than three-fourths of us now live in cities, and more are flocking to them every year. We are told that the problems of our cities are rece
4、iving more attention in Washington, and scholarship has discovered a whole new field in urban studies. I dont pretend to be a scholar on the history of the city in American life. But my thirteen years in public office, first as an officer of the U.S. Department of Justice, then as Congressman, and n
5、ow as Mayor of the biggest city in America, have taught me all too well the fact that a strong anti-urban attitude runs consistently through the mainstream of American thinking. Much of the drive behind the settlement of America was in reaction to the conditions in European industrial centers - and
6、much of the theory supporting the basis of freedom in America was linked directly to the availability of land and the perfectibility of man outside the corrupt influences of the city. What has this to do with the predicament of the modem city? I think it has much to do with it. The fact is that the
7、United States, particularly the federal government, which has historically established our national priorities, has simply never thought that the American city was “worthy“ of improvement - at least not to the extent of expending any basic resources on it. Antipathy (反感 ) to the city predates the Am
8、erican experience. When industrialization drove the European working man into the major cities of the continent, books and pamphlets appeared attacking the city as a source of crime, corruption, filth, disease, vice, licentiousness (放荡 ), subversion, and high prices. The theme of some of the earlies
9、t English novels - Moll Flander for example - is that of the innocent country youth coming to the big city and being subjected to all forms of horror until justice - and a return to the pastoral life - follow. The proper opinion of Europe seemed to support the Frenchman who wrote: “In the country, a
10、 mans mind is free and easy; but in the city, the persons of friends and acquaintances, ones own and other peoples business, foolish quarrels, ceremonies, visits, impertinent discourses, and a thousand other diversions steal away the greatest part of our time and leave no leisure for better and nece
11、ssary employment. Great towns are but a large sort of prison to the soul, like cages to birds or pounds to beasts.“ This was not, of course, the only opinion on city life. Others maintained that the city was “the fireplace of civilization, whence light and heat radiated out into the cold dark world.
12、“ And William Penn planned Philadelphia as the “holy city,“ carefully laid out so that each house would have the appearance of a country cottage m avoid the density and overcrowding that so characterized European cities. Without question, however, the first major thinker to express a clear antipathy
13、 to the urban way of life was Thomas Jefferson. For Jefferson, the political despotism (专制制度 ) of Europe and economic despotism of great concentrations of wealth, on the one hand, and poverty on the other, were symbolized by the cities of London and Paris, which he visited frequently during his year
14、s as a diplomatic representative of the new nation. In the new world, with its opportunities for widespread landholding, there was the chance for a flowering of authentic freedom, with each citizen, free from economic dependence, both able and eager to participate in charting the course of his own f
15、uture. America, in a real sense, was an escape from all the injustice that had flourished in Europe - injustice that was characterized by the big city. This Jeffersonian theme was to remain an integral part of the American tradition. Throughout the nineteenth century, as the explorations of America
16、pushed farther outward, the new settlers sounded most like each other in their common celebration of freedom from city chains. The point is that all this opinion goes beyond ill feelings; it suggests a strong national sense that encouragement and development of the city was to be in no sense a natio
17、nal priority - that our manifest destiny lay in the untouched lands to the west, in constant movement westward, and in maximum dispersion of land to as many people as possible. With the coming of rapid industrialization, all the results of investigations into city poverty and despair that we think o
18、f as recent findings were being reported - and each report served to confirm the beliefs of the Founding Fathers that the city was no place for a respectable American. Is this all relevant only to past attitudes and past legislative history? I dont think so. The fact is that until today, this same b
19、asic belief- that our cities ought to be left to fend for themselves - is still a powerful element in our national tradition. Consider more modem history. The most important housing act in the last twenty-five years was not the law that provided for public housing; it was the law that permitted the
20、Federal Housing Administration to grant subsidized low-interest mortgages (按揭贷款 ) to Americans who want to purchase homes. More than anything else, this has made the suburban dream a reality. It has brought the vision of grass and trees and a place for the kids to play within the reach of millions o
21、f working Americans, and the consequences be damned. The impact of such legislation on the cities was not even considered - nor was the concept of making subsidized money available for neighborhood renovation in the city so that it might compete with the suburbs. Instead, in little more than a decad
22、e, 800 000 middle income New Yorkers fled the city for the suburbs and were replaced by largely unskilled workers who in many instances represented a further cost rather than an economic asset. And it was not a hundred years ago but two years ago that a suggested law giving a small amount of federal
23、 money for rat control was literally laughed off the floor of the House of Representatives amid much joking about discrimination against country rats in favor of city rats. What happened, I think, was not the direct result of a “the city is evil and therefore we will not help it“ concept. It was mor
24、e indirect, more subtle, the result of the kind of thinking that enabled us to spend billions of dollars in subsidies to preserve the family farm while doing nothing about an effective pro- gram for jobs in the city; to create government agencies concerned with the interests of agriculture, veterans
25、, small business, labor, commerce, and the American Indian, but to create no Department of Urban Development until 1965; to so restrict money that meaningful federal aid is still not possible. In other words, the world of urban America as a dark and desolate place undeserving of support or help has
26、become fixed in the American consciousness. And we are paying for that attitude in our cities today. 2 The author of the passage has been a government official for about 13 years. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 It seems that the federal government has never paid attention to the city improvement. （ A） Y （
27、B） N （ C） NG 4 When the European settlers came to America, the cities there were described as bad places to live in some books. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 A Frenchman thought that in cities people could feel free and live an easy life. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 In some peoples opinion, cities are the sta
28、rting place for the creation of human civilization. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 Being a diplomatic representative of the U.S., Thomas Jefferson had been to London and Fads many times. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Many people with middle income have moved from New York City to the suburbs in the past 10 years
29、. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 In Washington more people are paying attention to _. 10 People still believe that the cities should be left as a powerful element in American _. 11 Two years ago there was a suggested law saying that the federal government should give some money for _. Section A Directions:
30、 In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you
31、 must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） In July. （ B） In April. （ C） In the winter. （ D） In September. （ A） Playing volleyball. （ B） Watching TV. （ C） Swimming. （ D） Skating. （ A） She wants the man to go over the procedure. （ B） She would like the
32、man to work with her. （ C） She wants to discuss the plan with the man again. （ D） She thinks she can try to work out the procedure herself. （ A） Looking at the photos. （ B） Listening to the radio. （ C） Watching television. （ D） Reading a newspaper. （ A） The man couldnt make any more copies. （ B） The
33、 clerk doesnt like to be bothered. （ C） The machine was just repaired. （ D） She can teach the man to use the machine. （ A） It is smaller than in winter. （ B） It is twice as large as usual. （ C） It is average. （ D） It is more than average. （ A） Betty is taking her to the concert. （ B） Betty might be
34、leaving earlier than she is. （ C） The man could probably go with Betty. （ D） She has already been to the concert. （ A） Families with cars. （ B） Americans heavy dependence on cars. （ C） Roads and highways. （ D） Traffic problems in America. （ A） Its too cold at home. （ B） It is more expensive. （ C） He
35、 was interested in Marine Biology. （ D） He was interested in Australia. （ A） Language. （ B） Making friends. （ C） Joining a club. （ D） Studying. （ A） Students never criticize or question what the lecture says. （ B） Lecturers are almost like God. （ C） He gets used to practical thinking. （ D） Practical
36、 thinking is hard for him. （ A） His father or mother may have a poor memory. （ B） His memory is not often used. （ C） He does not use his arms and legs for some time. （ D） He cannot read or write. （ A） You have used your memory too much. （ B） You should do more remembering exercises. （ C） You should
37、do more arm and leg exercises. （ D） Dont learn how to read and write. （ A） Strong arms and good memory. （ B） Learn from the people. （ C） How to have a good memory. （ D） Dont stop using your arms and legs. （ A） A slight drop in the use of cocaine. （ B） A drop in the use of cigarettes. （ C） A sharp ri
38、se in the use of drugs. （ D） A rise in the use of alcohol. （ A） Doctor. （ B） Gardener. （ C） Accountancy. （ D） Teaching. （ A） He doesnt like office work. （ B） He is a university graduate. （ C） The money is not too bad and theres plenty of fresh air. （ D） It is a good job. （ A） A nurse. （ B） A teacher
39、. （ C） An accountant. （ D） A doctor. （ A） To get more information right now. （ B） To give up his work right now. （ C） To have a discussion with his wife. （ D） To think very seriously about that. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you wi
40、ll hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） The tourist trade, though growing rapidly, has some problems. （ B） Systems of communication are highly deve
41、loped now. （ C） Modem travelers can enjoy a more comfortable trip. （ D） Tourist organizations dont offer good services to their clients. （ A） The cost is very. high, and only the rich people can afford it. （ B） The systems of communication are not so developed. （ C） The travelers cannot speak the fo
42、reign language. （ D） Tourist organizers dont allow people to get more contact with local people. （ A） Because they dont have time to wander off on their own. （ B） Because they cannot speak the foreign language. （ C） Because they have no chance to see the people as they really are. （ D） Because they
43、dont have interest at all. （ A） A factory with more automobiles. （ B） A factory with improved cars. （ C） A factory with an assembly line. （ D） A factory with few people. （ A） There was not enough room to make the Detroit factory bigger. （ B） There were no enough workers in Detroit. （ C） It was no lo
44、nger practical to have plants only in Detroit. （ D） It had enough old factories. （ A） Small factories use little oil. （ B） Small factories have less pollution. （ C） Small factories need no electricity. （ D） Small factories are more efficient. （ A） Those who are themselves spoiled and self-centered.
45、（ B） Those who expected to have several children but could only have one. （ C） Those who like to give expensive jewels to their children. （ D） Those who give birth to their only children when they are below 30. （ A） Because their parents want them to share the family burden. （ B） Because their paren
46、ts are too strict with .them in their education. （ C） Because they have nobody to play with. （ D） Because their parents want them to grow up as fast as possible. （ A） Two types of only child. （ B） Parents responsibilities. （ C） The necessity of family planning. （ D） The relationship between parents
47、and children. （ A） Because they have no sisters or brothers. （ B） Because they are overprotected by their parents. （ C） Because their parents expect too much of them. （ D） Because their parents often punish them for minor faults. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three t
48、imes. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are require
49、d to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 40 Too often young people get themselves employment quite by accident, not knowing what lies in the way of opportunity for promotion, happiness and security. As a result, they are 【 B1】 _ doing jobs that afford them little or no 【 B2】 _ . Our school graduates face so much 【 B3】 _ that they seldom care what they do so long as they can earn a living. S
