1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 363及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Popular Music. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 许多年轻人热衷于流行音乐。 2流行音乐受欢迎的原因。 3你的观点、态度。
2、 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the pa
3、ssage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Nicotine If it werent for nicotine, people wouldnt smoke tobacco. Why? Because of the more than 4000 chemicals in tobacco smoke, nicotine is the p
4、rimary one that acts on the brain, altering peoples moods, appetites and alertness in ways they find pleasant and beneficial. Unfortunately, as it is widely known, nicotine has a dark side: it is highly addictive. Once smokers become hooked on it, they must get their fix of it regularly, sometimes s
5、everal dozen times a day. Cigarette smoke contains 43 known carcinogens, which means that long-term smoking can amount to a death sentence. In the US alone, 420,000 Americans die every year from tobacco-related illnesses. Breaking nicotine addiction is not easy. Each year, nearly 35 million people m
6、ake a concerted effort to quit smoking. Sadly, less than 7 percent succeed in abstaining for more than a year; most start smoking again within days.So what is nicotine and how does it insinuate itself into the smokers brain and very being? The nicotine found in tobacco is a potent drug and smokers,
7、and even some scientists, say it offers certain benefits. One is to enhance performance. One study found that non smokers given doses of nicotine typed about 5 percent faster than they did without it. To greater or lesser degrees, users also say nicotine helps them to maintain concentration, reduce
8、anxiety, relieve pain, and even dampen their appetites (thus helping in weight control). Unfortunately, nicotine can also produce deleterious effects be yond addiction. At high doses, as are achieved from tobacco products, it can cause high blood pressure, distress in the respiratory and gastrointes
9、tinal systems and an increase in susceptibility to seizures and hypothermia. First isolated as a compound in 1828, in its pure form nicotine is a-clear liquid that turns brown when burned and smells like tobacco when exposed to air. It is found in several species of plants, including tobacco and, pe
10、rhaps surprisingly, in tomatoes, potatoes, and eggplant (though in extremely low quantities that are pharmacologically insignificant for humans). As simple as it looks, the cigarette is highly engineered nicotine delivery device. For instance, when tobacco researchers found that much of the nicotine
11、 in a cigarette wasnt released when burned but rather remained chemically bound within the tobacco leaf, they began adding substances such as ammonia to cigarette tobacco to release more nicotine. Ammonia helps keep nicotine in its basic form, which is more readily vaporised by the intense heat of t
12、he burning cigarette than the acidic form. Most cigarettes for sale in tile US today contain 10 milligrams or more of nicotine. By inhaling smoke from a lighted cigarette, the average smoker takes 1 or 2 milligrams of vaporised nicotine per cigarette. Today we know that only a miniscule amount of ni
13、cotine is needed to fuel addiction. Research shows that manufacturers would have to cut nicotine levels in a typical cigarette by 95% to forestall its power to addict. When a smoker puffs on a lighted cigarette, smoke, including vaporised nicotine, is drawn into the mouth. The skin and lining of the
14、 mouth immediately absorb some nicotine, but the remainder flows straight down into the lungs, where it easily diffuses into the blood vessels lining the lung walls. The blood vessels carry the nicotine to the heart, which then pumps it directly to the brain. While most of the effects a smoker seeks
15、 occur in the brain, the heart takes a hit as well. Studies have shown that a smokers first cigarette of the day can increase his or her heart rate by 10 to 20 beats a minute. Scientists have found that a smoked substance reaches the brain more quickly than one swallowed, snorted (such as cocaine po
16、wder) or even injected. Indeed, a nicotine molecule inhaled in smoke will reach the brain within 10 seconds. The nicotine travels through blood vessels, which branch out into capillaries within the brain. Capillaries normally carry nutrients but they readily accommodate nicotine molecules as well. O
17、nce inside the brain, nicotine, like most addictive drugs, triggers the release of chemicals associated with euphoria and pleasure. Just as it moves rapidly from the lungs into the bloodstream, nicotine also easily diffuses through capillary walls. It then migrates to tile spaces surrounding neurons
18、-ganglion cells that transmit nerve impulses throughout the nervous system. These impulses are the basis for our thoughts, feelings, and moods. To transmit nerve impulses to its neighbour, a neurone releases chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters. Like nicotine molecules, the neurotransmitte
19、rs drift into the so-called synaptic space between neurones, ready to latch onto the receiving neurone and thus deliver a chemical “message“ that triggers an electrical impulse. The neurotransmitters bind onto receptors on the surface of the recipient neurone. This opens channels in the cell surface
20、 through which enter ions, or charged atoms, of sodium. This generates a current across the membrane of the receiving cell, which completes delivery of the “message“. An accomplished mimic, nicotine competes with the neurotransmitters to bind to the receptors. It wins and, like the vanquished chemic
21、al, opens ion channels that let sodium ions into the cell. But theres a lot more nicotine around than the original transmitter, so a much larger current spreads across the membrane. This bigger current causes increased electrical impulses to travel along certain neurones. With repeated smoking, the
22、neurones adapt to this increased electrical activity, and the smoker becomes dependent on the nicotine. 2 Although nicotine is probably the well-known chemical in cigarettes, it is not necessarily the one that changes the psyche of the smoker when cigarettes are smoked. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 In sp
23、ite of the difficulties, according to the text more than thirty-five million people a year give up smoking. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 It has been shown that nicotine in cigarettes can improve peoples abilities to perform some actions more quickly. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Added ammonia in cigarettes al
24、lows smokers to inhale more nicotine. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Snorted substances reach the brain faster than injected substances. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 Nicotine dilates the blood vessels that carry it around the body. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Nicotine molecules allow greater electrical charges to p
25、ass between neurones. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 Cigarette companies would have to cut the nicotine content in cigarettes by _ to prevent them from being addictive. 10 According to the passage, a cigarette can raise a smokers heart rate by _ a minute. 11 In order to transmit nerve impulses to its neigh
26、bour, a neurone sends _ known as neurotransmitters. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken on
27、ly once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） The team just ran out of time. （ B） The team needs a clock. （ C） The team could have turned the clock. （ D） The team could have won. （
28、A） Go to Andrews place before class. （ B） Go to Andrews place after class. （ C） Go back to his room to get the book. （ D） Go to class. （ A） She must begin writing a paper for her history class. （ B） She must start writing up her laboratory assignments for her chemistry class. （ C） She must begin stu
29、dying for her English examination. （ D） She must begin studying for her French examination. （ A） Ask for directions. （ B） Try a different route to the beach. （ C） Cancel their trip. （ D） Go back for the map. （ A） He needs a ride from Jeffery again. （ B） He relies on Jeffery a lot to get his car fixe
30、d. （ C） Jeffery depends too much on him. （ D） Jeffery will sell his car. （ A） They had no time. （ B） They could not afford it. （ C） The old one was still working. （ D） They both want to buy a motor-bike. （ A） Borrow some books. （ B） Sell her books. （ C） Buy a bookcase. （ D） Find a bigger place. （ A）
31、 Joan went to the park. （ B） Joan sat up late last night. （ C） Joan sat up till late with her children. （ D） Joan was sick. （ A） Lawyer and witness. （ B） Lawyer and suspect （ C） Judge and witness. （ D） Juryman and witness. （ A） The accused are being interrogated. （ B） The lawyer for the accused is d
32、efending the case. （ C） A witness is giving testimony in court. （ D） The sentence is being pronounced. （ A） To tell the truth. （ B） To tell all the details. （ C） To be ready to answer any questions in court. （ D） To identify the persons she is accusing. （ A） To interview people who are looking for a
33、 job. （ B） To give advice to young people who want to start a profession. （ C） To offer jobs to young people who have just finished school. （ D） To let people know its not easy for young people to get the job they want. （ A） Catherine went to seek advice for a job. （ B） Mrs Hunt found a job for her
34、daughter. （ C） The Careers Officer gave Catherine and her mother some advice. （ D） Mrs Hunt tried to convince the Careers Advisory Officer that her daughter would be a very good teacher. （ A） Catherine s character. （ B） Catherine s lack of organization. （ C） Catherine s appearance. （ D） Catherine s
35、laziness. （ A） Talkative. （ B） Bossy. （ C） Intelligent. （ D） Commanding. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must c
36、hoose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） All teachers. （ B） Businessmen and professional people. （ C） Many college students. （ D） Some armymen. （ A） Reading papers. （ B） Research and preparation. （ C） Teaching pupils. （ D） Preparing examinations. （ A） Many teachers are
37、on call every hour of the working day. （ B） Some teachers are chained to the telephone every day: （ C） A few teachers have a fortnight holidays in July. （ D） Few teachers are tied to the desk. （ A） The victory over ones fellow runners. （ B） The victory over former winners. （ C） The victory of will-p
38、ower over fatigue. （ D） The victory of ones physical strength. （ A） The runner who runs to keep fit. （ B） The runner who breaks the record. （ C） The runner who does not break the rules. （ D） The runner who covers the whole distance. （ A） He won the first prize. （ B） He died because of fatigue. （ C）
39、He fell behind the other runners. （ D） He gave up because he was tired. （ A） For protection against other animals. （ B） For protection against other dogs. （ C） Just for fun. （ D） For the purpose of guarding the house. （ A） Because they did not eat other animals. （ B） Because they were useful for pro
40、tection. （ C） Because they were good hunters. （ D） Because they always obeyed their masters. （ A） For companionship. （ B） For amusement. （ C） For protection against robbery. （ D） For hunting. （ A） The city can be a lonely place. （ B） Life in the west can be very dangerous. （ C） People in the west ar
41、e fond of animals. （ D） The dog is a useful and friendly animal. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required t
42、o fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 Strong emotions are usually【 B1】
43、_nonverbally: By gestures, body posture,【 B2】_expression, voice, eye contact, space, and【 B3】 _. Sometimes we rely completely on nonverbal cues to【 B4】 _. At other times nonverbal cues help【 B5】 _the words that we use. One good example of the second case is seen in our use of【 B6】 _and sarcasm. Ofte
44、n, in making jokes, Americans will say the【 B7】 _of what they mean. The only way to know what they really mean is to【 B8】 _the nonverbal cues that go along with their words.【 B9】 _. An important area of nonverbal communication is proxemics. Proxemics refers to our personal space. Each of us has a “b
45、ody bubble“ around us. Body bubbles are influenced by several factors, 【 B10】 _. If someone enters our bubble, we will feel uncomfortable. A strong influence on body bubbles is culture. Some cultures, for example,【 B11】 _. 37 【 B1】 38 【 B2】 39 【 B3】 40 【 B4】 41 【 B5】 42 【 B6】 43 【 B7】 44 【 B8】 45 【
46、B9】 46 【 B10】 47 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. 47 Energy levels ebb and flow throughout the day, influenc
47、ed by everything from your mood to your bodys circadian rhythms (生理节奏 )daily changes in things like heart rate, temperature, and blood pressure. Here are recommendations of exercising at various times of day. MORNING: The main difficulty in the morning is dragging yourself out of bed. Once youve don
48、e that, however, theres little else to distract you from the business at hand. That may be why people who work out in the A.M. are more likely to stick With it over time, which means theyre well on their way to reaping the long term energy boost that being fit brings. LUNCHTIME: Most people feel an
49、energy decline between two and three in the afternoon. “Its not related to eating; its just part of the bodys natural cycle,“ says Thomas Reilly, an exercise physiologist (生理学家 ). Exercising in the middle of the day can smooth out the low energy, Reilly says, because it increases the flow of hormones(荷尔蒙 ) that push you up for a few hours after a session. But dont skip lunch to work out. A light meal an hour before you exercise will give you the energy to
