1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 428及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Craze for Certificates. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1.现代社会上有一股证书 2. 证书热的原因 3. 我对证书热的看法 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skim
2、ming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement cont
3、radicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Save Your Own Life Weve all heard the miracle stories: The Boy Scout who survived for four days in the mountains of North Carolina. The Montana couple who fought off a bear. The guy in
4、Utah who cut off his arm to free himself from under a fallen rock. Youve probably read many stories like this and wondered how to keep yourself out of the dangers. Heres what to do in some life- threatening emergencies when no ones around to help. Allergic Reaction Bee stings, food allergies, and me
5、dications can be deadly, even if you think you dont have allergies. Symptoms include itching in one spot or all over your body, sometimes accompanied by a rash, swelling, and, in the extreme, swelling of the airways, which hampers your ability to breathe. If you know you have a life-threatening alle
6、rgy, form an action plan with your doctor, who will probably prescribe an EpiPen, which comes in child and adult doses. It delivers the drug epinephrine (肾上腺素 ), which keeps the heart pumping, improves breathing, and gives you about 20 minutes to get to a hospital. Even if you dont have severe aller
7、gies, you can still be prepared for a spontaneous reaction. Slip a few maximum-strength antihistamines (抗组胺剂 ), into your wallet. The fast-acting tablets will begin to fight an allergic reaction while you wait for help to arrive. But since antihistamines can make you drowsy, dont drive yourself to t
8、he ER (急诊室 ). Choking Richard Stennes, MD, was home alone in La Jolla Shores, California, eating a steak, when the phone rang. The 64-year-old swallowed down the bite still in his mouth and answered the call. But the steak was stuck, and he couldnt talk or breathe. He put his finger down his throat
9、to grab the meat, but he couldnt reach it. Gagging (使呕吐 ) didnt help either. So he walked over to the couch and forcefully thrust his abdomen on the hard arm of the couch, sending the meat flying and allowing him to breathe again. If youre ever in the same situation, quickly find a chair or other pi
10、ece of furniture or a kitchen counter, says Maurizio Miglietta, MD, chief of trauma at New York Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center. Aim to hit the top of the chair or edge of the counter against your upper abdomen, in the soft part below the bony upside-down V of the ribs. Thru
11、st up and inward. If you still cant breathe after six tries, call 911 from a landline, even if you cant talk. Theyll find you. Write the word choking somewhere nearby, and leave the line open until help arrives. Heart Attack If youre experiencing crushing chest pain with or without pain in your left
12、 arm, are short of breath, or have a sense of impending doom, you may be having a heart attack. (Women are more likely to have atypical symptoms like severe fatigue, nausea, heartburn, and profuse sweating. ) Call 911 and chew one 325 mg uncoated aspirin, to get it into your bloodstream fast. This w
13、ill thin your blood, often stopping a heart attack in its tracks. While waiting, lie down so that your heart doesnt have to work as hard, says Sandra Schneider, MD, a spokeswoman for the American College of Emergency Physicians. If you think you might pass out, try forcing yourself to cough deeply.
14、It changes the pressure in your chest and can have the same effect as the thump given in CPR, says Dr. Schneider, “Sometimes it can jolt the heart into a normal rhythm.“ If someone else goes into cardiac arrest, note that the American Heart Association now recommends CPR without the mouth-to-mouth:
15、Call 911, then push hard and fast on the persons chest until help comes. Bear Attack If you surprise a bear, dont run away. That invites an attack. Instead, stand up and back away slowly, without looking the bear in the eyes. Speak softly to the animal (no loud shouting). If it does charge at you, t
16、ry to make yourself look as large as possible: Stick out your chest, raise your arms, and spread your legs. Now you can yell at the bear, to frighten it. If its going to attack, lie facedown, with your hands clasped behind your neck. Play dead and dont get up until youre sure the bear is gone. Leave
17、 the area immediately in case it returns. If youre in bear country, carry a bear-deterrent pepper spray. Make sure the wind isnt blowing toward you, and spray for one to two seconds when the bear is 30 to 40 feet away. Severe Bleeding Youre bleeding severely and getting scared. Forget about tourniqu
18、ets (止血带 ), says Dr. Schneider of the American College of Emergency Physicians. Use your hand or a clean cloth, paper towels, a scarf, or any fabric you can grab, and push down on the wound until the bleeding stops. Tourniquets, which every Boy Scout learned how to make back in the day, are now a fi
19、rst-aid no-no. “If you have a cut on your upper leg and you put pressure on it, youre just closing that vessel. But if you put a tourniquet on, youre going to close the vessels to the entire leg,“ says Dr. Schneider, “You could lose your foot.“ The only time to use a tourniquet, says Charles Pattavi
20、na, MD, chief of emergency medicine at St. Joseph Hospital in Bangor, Maine, is when you know that everything below the wound is beyond repair (say, the accident has severed your finger, arm, or leg). Rising Water Rule No. 1: Never drive through standing water. As thousands of stranded motorists can
21、 attest, what looks like a small puddle can be much deeper. “It takes just 12 inches of water to carry a car away,“ says Robert Sinclair, Jr., of AAA New York. If you do get stuck, step out of the car, which will likely stop when the water reaches the vehicles electronic controls. If the water is hi
22、gher than the bottom of your knees or is moving too quickly for you to wade (涉水 ) through, climb on top of your car and wait for help. Otherwise, get to higher ground. If you suddenly become immersed (say, you drive off a bridge or into a lake or river), roll down the windows as soon as you can. Yes
23、, it allows water to rush in, but thats a good thing, says Sinclair. It equalizes the pressure, so you can open the door or swim out the window. Do it quickly, though, as the electrical systems on automatic windows can get damaged and stop working when wet. A life hammer can shatter automotive glass
24、 and cut through seat belts; Sinclair keeps one between the drivers seat and the center console in case of such emergencies. Break the side windows (windshields are usually thicker and harder to crack), and swim toward high, dry land. Trapped in a Burning Building If youre in an office building and
25、cant get out, dont panic. “In any emergency situation, the difference between survivors and non-survivors is that survivors remain calm and fight through their fear to find out, What can I do?“ says Dr. Schneider. So think back to those fire-safety lessons you learned in grade school. Call 911. Clos
26、e yourself in a smoke-free room and place a wet towel underneath the door to prevent any smoke from entering, says Dan McBride, a firefighter in New York City. Then get low to the ground, where you can breathe and see better, until help arrives. If youre in a house, get as low as you can and crawl o
27、utside as fast as possible. Dont stop until youre well away from the fire. Then call for help. 2 Antihistamines can make you drowsy, if you take too much. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Richard Stennes was choked by a mutton chop and couldnt breathe. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 If choked, the writer advises us
28、 to hit the edge of the counter against your lower abdomen. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Compared with men, women are more inclined to have atypical symptoms like nausea and profuse sweating, which may indicate that they are having a heart attack. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 According to the American Heart A
29、ssociation, we should first help the victim of a heart attack with the mouth-to-mouth, and then call 911 for help. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 If you come across a bear, you should not run away at the first moment. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 A tourniquet is recommended to be used in any emergency of bleedi
30、ng. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 _is last recommended to the readers when they are under a bear attack. 10 The first important rule to remember when threatened by rising water is _. 11 When trapped in a burning building, survivors can remain calm and _to find out where to escape for life. Section A Direc
31、tions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the paus
32、e, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） She was absent all week owing to sickness. （ B） She was seriously injured in a car accident. （ C） She called to say that her husband had been hospitalized. （ D） She had to be away from school to attend
33、to her husband. （ A） In a hotel. （ B） At a dinner table. （ C） In the street. （ D） At the mans house. （ A） A guest and a receptionist. （ B） A passenger and an air hostess. （ C） A customer and a shop assistant. （ D） A guest and a waitress. （ A） Once a week. （ B） Twice a week. （ C） Three times a week.
34、（ D） Four times a week. （ A） She doesnt need the job. （ B） She hasnt got a job yet. （ C） She has got a good job. （ D） She is going to start work soon. （ A） It could help people of all ages to avoid cancer. （ B） It was mainly meant for cancer patients. （ C） It might appeal more to viewers over 40. （
35、D） It was frequently interrupted by commercials. （ A） The speakers want to rent the Smiths old house. （ B） The man lives two blocks away from the Smiths. （ C） The woman is not sure if she is on the right street. （ D） The Smiths new house is not far from their old one. （ A） The man has changed his de
36、stination. （ B） The man is returning his ticket. （ C） The man is flying to New York tomorrow morning. （ D） The man cant manage to go to New York as planned. （ A） Apartment 20, 16 Rose Lane. （ B） Apartment 2, 6 Rose Lane. （ C） Apartment 2, 16 Rose Lane. （ D） Apartment 2, 60 Rose Lane. （ A） In June, n
37、ext year. （ B） In July, next year. （ C） In June, two years later. （ D） In July, two years later. （ A） The washing machine has been leaking a little and its beginning to get worse. （ B） Theres a niggling problem with the cooker. （ C） The door latch is broken. （ D） The air conditioner is too noisy. （
38、A） Colleagues. （ B） Boss and secretary. （ C） Customer and client manager. （ D） Husband and wife. （ A） The late delivery of the copy machine. （ B） The daily work. （ C） The order number. （ D） The time of the work. （ A） To pay for the late delivery. （ B） To do something to make her happy （ C） To wait a
39、nd see. （ D） To check and give a final solution. （ A） Korean Disney Land. （ B） The beauty of Dalian. （ C） What to prepare for a trip. （ D） Where to go for the vacation. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Bo
40、th the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Watching TV can cause physical diseases. （ B） TV places the viewer in a completely passive position. （ C） People are too dependent on
41、 TV. （ D） The quality of some TV programs is poor. （ A） Television has more advantages than disadvantages. （ B） Television has more disadvantages than advantages. （ C） It is no use watching TV. （ D） Television in itself is neither good nor bad. （ A） How much a TV set costs. （ B） The quality of TV pr
42、ograms. （ C） How people put it to use. （ D） The number of people watching TV. （ A） Gold was discovered in the city in 1848. （ B） The population of the city grew to twelve thousand in 1848. （ C） The Golden Gate Bridge was constructed in 1848. （ D） Telegraph communications were established with the Ea
43、st in 1848. （ A） Almost two million. （ B） Almost three million. （ C） Almost five million. （ D） Almost six million. （ A） Nineteen million dollars. （ B） Thirty-two million dollars. （ C） Thirty-seven million dollars. （ D） Forty-two million dollars. （ A） About 10 percent annually. （ B） About 8 percent a
44、nnually. （ C） About 25 percent annually. （ D） About 0.9 percent annually. （ A） Because Chinas photographic market has a higher growth rate than the U. S. （ B） Because there is no photographic products in major Chinese cities and rural areas. （ C） Because theres vast market potential in China. （ D） B
45、ecause many photographic producers have planned to enlarge their China market. （ A） It will decrease stores in China. （ B） It will invest heavily to promote Chinas photographic market. （ C） It will stage more exhibitions. （ D） It will increase more employees in Chinas photographic plants. （ A） Only
46、99,000. （ B） About 500. （ C） Approximately 11,000. （ D） More than 4,500. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are re
47、quired to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 The name “United Nations“
48、, coined by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt, was【 B1】 _used in the “Declaration by United Nations“ of 1 January 1942, during the Second World War, when【 B2】 _of 26 nations pledged their governments to continue fighting together against the Axis Powers. The【 B3】 _of the United Nations w
49、as the League of Nations, ,an【 B4】 _conceived in similar circumstances during the First World War, and established in 1919 under the Treaty of Versailles “to【 B5】 _international cooperation and to achieve peace and security“. The International Labor Organization was also【 B6】 _under the Treaty of Versailles as an affiliated【 B7】 _of the League. The League of Nations【 B8】 _its activities after failing to prevent the Second World War. 【 B9】 _. Those
