1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 485及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled Misleading News. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 当今社会虚假新闻越来越多 2. 分析出现这种现象的原 因 3. 呼吁社会改变这种不智之举 二、 Part II Reading Comprehensi
2、on (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statem
3、ent contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Worried about prescription drugs? How to weigh your risk? When the pain reliever Vioxx was withdrawn from the worldwide market last September after the announcement that it incr
4、eased patients risk of heart attacks and strokes, millions panicked. Suddenly, ads for the drug were replaced with ads looking for Vioxx “victims“. Not only did patients stop taking Vioxx hut, doctors say, many people stopped taking their other medicines, too-sometimes putting their health at seriou
5、s risk. The sometimes-sensationalized headlines didnt help. People wondered. Should I trust my doctors? Could what I thought would help me actually kill me? Is the drug safety system broken? Americans have somehow come to believe they should get the best medical care, with the lat- est remedies with
6、 no side effects. But there is no drug that doesnt have side effects. Peter Con, head of worldwide research and development for drug manufacturer Pfizer says, “As a society we expect medicine to be perfect. There is no such thing. There is always a risk.“ How You Can Make Informed Decisions Since th
7、ere is no,. such thing as a pill that is completely safe, including aspirin, consumers have to accept the dichotomy (一分为二 ) that the same medicines that extend and enhance our lives may hurt us; some of them may merely have minor side effects, while others are able to cause death. So how should you
8、and your doctor proceed? 1. Weigh the risks and benefits of any drug. As a smart consumer you must decide whether a drug is “safe enough“ for you. The greater the benefit, the more risk you may be willing to take. If your illness is mild and not very bothersome, you may decide that any risk is too b
9、ig and opt against taking any medications at all. On the contrary, if your illness is serious or potentially life threatening, you may even be willing to try an experimental drug with greater risk for serious side effects. Zena McAdams, 59, a regional clergyman in Macon, Georgia, has lived with a co
10、ndition that causes chronic pain for many years. For a long time she took OTC ibuprofen (布洛芬，一种镇痛非处方药 ), “I mean lots of it,“ she says. In the spring of 2001, her doctor prescribed Vioxx. Taken only once a day, it was “remarkable,“ she says. “I took it every day till it was taken off the market.“ Af
11、ter speaking to her doctor, she switched to Celebrex last October. It was also effective in controlling the aches and pains associated with her condition-until she heard concerns that it, too, had serious potential side effects. She talked to her doctor, weighed the risks versus the benefits and dec
12、ided that her quality of life was most important. “There is always that nasty feeling about safety,“ she says, “but there is no reason to think that I have any heart problems. The benefits at this point in my life certainly outweigh the risks. The drug works. It eases the pain.“ 2. Be especially cau
13、tions about new drugs. New drugs are inherently risky. So if youre taking one, monitor yourself carefully. Have your eating and digestive habits changed? Are you feeling unusually tired or agitated? Have your breathing patterns or skin color changed? If so, call your doctor immediately, who may tell
14、 you to stop taking the drug. How does a consumer know that a drug is new? Ask your doctor or pharmacist (药剂师 )? If you have a choice between two or more equally effective drugs, choose the one with a longer track record of safety. If you are taking a drug in the same class as one that has been reca
15、lled, it is careful to ask your doctor if that drug places you at greater risks. 3. Know ff youre in a high-risk group. Although scientists still dont know precisely why, certain individuals have bad reactions to a drug or to a particular dose of a drug, while others dont. Men metabolize (新陈代谢 ) dru
16、gs differently than women do, for example. Be especially watchful if you are very young, very old or pregnant. Drugs usually arent tested on these groups. “I worry the most about the elderly,“ says Avorn. “They are vastly under-represented in trials of drugs, yet they are the most likely to be takin
17、g the drugs when they are approved.“ 4. Ask the right questions. When you get a new prescription, never leave the doctors surgery without a clear understanding of why youre taking the drug, how to take it, and how youll know if its working. Even if it makes you a bit uncomfortable, ask. You are resp
18、onsible for your own health and safety. “If the doctor doesnt want to answer questions, you should probably find another doctor,“ says Avorn. After your visit, if you still have questions, call or email the doctor. Use your pharmacist as an expert consultant for any additional concerns you have abou
19、t the drug or its side effects. You can ask the pharmacist for the professional package insert (插页 ) for the drug, says Corr. Although its written for health care providers, it includes information on clinical trials and side effects. Also, if theres been a label change, with new information about t
20、he drug or any warnings, it will be part of the PPI (保险证明 ). Or request more consumer-friendly information, which should tell you how to use the drug properly and warn of any precautions. You can also call the drug companys toll-free number for more information, or go to its web-site. 5. Be informed
21、, and follow directions carefully. Check that the pills you receive are the correct ones, Errors crop up in the dispensing of medications: Its easy to confuse products with similar names (for example, Zantac and Xanax). Read the instructions and take your pills exactly as prescribed. Be alert for ex
22、piration dates, and stay attentive to recalls and warnings. Tell your doctor about any other medications you take, either prescribed or OTC (over the counter). Drug interactions can cause serious problems. For example, Posicor, an anti-hypertensive drug (治疗高血压的药 ), was taken off the market because i
23、t could cause blood pressure to drop sharply when used with other heart medications. If you fill all your prescriptions at the same store, the pharmacist may be able to warn you of known interactions. It is vitally important that patients and their doctors provide feedback to manufacturers and regul
24、ators if they have any suspicion of a problem. Then these signals will be known and can be analyzed to see if they are more widespread, which could save lives. 2 Every drug has some side effects. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 The greater the benefit, the less risk you are to take. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4
25、The reason why Zena McAdams still takes Celebrex, the medicine which eases her pains but has serious potential side effects is that she believes the benefits certainly outweigh the risks. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 New drugs are more risky than old drugs. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Your own health and saf
26、ety is the most important thing to you and to your doctor. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 When taking your pills, it is absolutely necessary to read the instructions. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 It is of great significance that patients and their doctors provide feedback to manufacturers and regulators if they
27、 are suspicious of any problem. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 If you are faced with a choice between two or more equally effective drugs, it is wise to choose the one with_. 10 The reason is still _ why certain individuals have bad reactions to a drug or to a particular dose of a drug, while others dont.
28、11 When taking drugs, it is the _ who should be especially watchful, for chugs usually arent tested on these groups of people. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked abo
29、ut what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） One. （ B） Two. （ C） Three. （ D） Four. （ A） The unsmiling fac
30、es. （ B） The sun. （ C） The residents. （ D） The weather. （ A） Julias friends dont call her very often. （ B） Julia doesnt like talking with her friends. （ C） Julia likes chatting on the phone with her friends. （ D） Julia doesnt have many friends. （ A） Wait for Mr. Whites call. （ B） Make another call l
31、ater. （ C） Pay the manager a visit. （ D） Speak in a louder voice. （ A） He is ashamed of Prof. Wang. （ B） He will congratulate Prof. Wang. （ C） He will help Prof. Wang paint his car. （ D） He will tell Prof. Wang the bad news. （ A） To pay for transportation. （ B） To make a phone call. （ C） To do shopp
32、ing. （ D） To give them to the woman. （ A） Listening to the radio. （ B） Reading a newspaper. （ C） Watching television. （ D） Watching a sports game. （ A） He hasnt seen any movie for a long time. （ B） The movie he saw was Gone with the Wind. （ C） It is one of the best movies he has ever seen. （ D） He l
33、ikes seeing movies very much. （ A） T-bone steak now British and German scientists are developing memory glasses that record everything the【 S2】 _sees. The glasses can play back memories later to help the wearer remember things they have forgotten such as where they left their keys. And the glasses a
34、lso【 S3】 _the user to “label“ items so that information can be used later on. The wearer could walk around an office or a factory identifying certain【 S4】 _by pointing at them. Objects indicated are then given a【 S5】 _label on a screen inside the glasses that the user then fills in. It could be used
35、 in【 S6】 _plants by mechanics looking to identify machine parts or by electricians wiring a【 S7】 _device. A spokesman for the project said: “A car mechanic for【 S8】 _could find at a glance where a part on a certain car model is so that it can be identified and repaired, For the motorist the system c
36、ould【 S9】 _accident black spots or dangers on the road.“ In other cases the glasses could be worn by people going on a guided tour,【 S10】 _points of interest or by people looking at panoramas where all the sites could be identified. A allow I user B instance J complicated C blank K white D industria
37、l L annoying E frustrating M successful F items N articles G indicating O simple H highlight 48 【 S1】 49 【 S2】 50 【 S3】 51 【 S4】 52 【 S5】 53 【 S6】 54 【 S7】 55 【 S8】 56 【 S9】 57 【 S10】 Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished
38、 statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. 57 What makes Americans spend nearly half their food dollars on meals away from home? The answers lie in the way Americans live today. During the first few decades of the twentieth centur
39、y, canned and other convenience foods freed the family cook from full-time duty at the kitchen range. Then, in the 1940s, work in the wartime defense plants took more women out of the home than ever before, setting the pattern of the working wife and mother. Unless family members pitch in with food
40、preparation, women are net fully liberated from that chore. Its easier to pick up a bucket of fried chicken on the way home from work or take the family out for pizzas or burgers than to start opening cans or heating up frozen dinners after a long, hard day. Also nowadays, the rising divorce rate me
41、ans that there are more single working parents with children to feed. And many young adults and elderly people, as well as unmarried and divorced mature people, live alone rather than as a part of a family unit and dont want to bother cooking for one. Fast food is appealing because it is fast, it do
42、esnt require any dressing up, it offers a “ fun” break in the daily routine, and the outlay of money seems small. It can be eaten in the carsometimes picked up at a drive-in window without even getting outor on the run. Even if it is brought home to eat, there will never be any dirty dishes to wash
43、because of the handy disposable wrappings. Children, especially, love fast food because its finger food, no struggling with knives and forks, no annoying instructions from adults about table manners. 58 Americans enjoy fast food mainly because _. （ A） it can be eaten in the car （ B） it is much more
44、tasty than home-made food （ C） one only uses his Fingers while eating it （ D） it is time-saving and convenient 59 It can be inferred that children _. （ A） want to have freedom at table （ B） wash dishes after each meal （ C） are not good at using forks and knives while eating （ D） take eating time as
45、a fun break 60 Many Americans are eating out and not cooking at home nowadays because _. （ A） they want to make a change after eating the same food for years at home （ B） the food made outside home tastes better than food cooked at home （ C） many of them live alone or dont like taking trouble to coo
46、k （ D） American women refuse to cook at home due to womens liberation movement 61 According to the text, a drive-in window is a _. （ A） car window from which you can see the driver （ B） window in the restaurant from which you get your meal in the car （ C） place where you check the mechanic condition
47、 of your car （ D） entrance where you return the used plates after eating 62 The expression “pitch in with“ (Line 2, Para. 2 ) probably means _. （ A） complain （ B） enjoy （ C） help （ D） deny 62 InfraGard is a grass-roots effort to respond to the need for cooperation and collaboration in countering the
48、 threat of cyber crime and terrorism to private businesses and the government. By the end of September, there will be InfraGard chapters in all 50 states, Calloway said. With advice from the FBI, each local chapter will be run by a board of directors that includes members of private industry, the ac
49、ademic community and public agencies. Banks, utilities, and other businesses and government agencies will use a secure Web site to share information about attempts to hack into their computer networks. Members can join the system free. A key feature of the system is a two-pronged method of reporting attacks. A “sanitized“ descript
