1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 559及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter in reply to a friends inquiry about applying for admission to your college or university. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 建议报考的专业及
2、理由 2报考该专业的基本条件 3应当如何备考 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the infor
3、mation given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 If youve kept up with the news lately, youve probably heard dire warnings about avian flu, or bird flu. Its a highly infecti
4、ous disease that has swept through the Asian bird population. In October of 2005, the disease reached Eastern Europe, most likely through migratory birds. By January of 2006, several people in Turkey had contracted the disease. Although the virus does not infect humans easily, more than half of the
5、people who have contracted it have died. But what exactly is bird flu? How is it different from the seasonal flu that people experience every year? How does it threaten people? What are governments doing to stop its spread? Viruses and Influenza: An Overview A virus particle-or virion-is a microscop
6、ic packet that contains genetic material wrapped in a layer of protein. Some viruses also have a lipid membrane(脂质膜 )around the protein coat. Unlike bacteria, they cannot reproduce on their own-they have to invade host cells. This process destroys cells and makes people sick. Viruses usually enter t
7、he bodies of animals and people through their mouths, mucus membranes or breaks in the skin. Then, they infect specific cells. For example, common cold viruses attack cells in the respiratory system. As they reproduce, they destroy their host cells, releasing copies of the virus to attack other cell
8、s. Some viruses are more stable than others, but in general they mutate frequently, sometimes making it difficult for doctors to treat them. Influenza is a specific type of virus that attacks the respiratory system. It can cause fevers, sore throats and congestion. If it attacks muscle cells, it can
9、 also cause muscle aches. There are three types of influenza virus-types A, B and C. Multiple subtypes exist within those types, and multiple strains(菌株 )exist within each subtype. Like many viruses, influenza can mutate through antigenic drift(small changes that occur as it reproduces)or antigenic
10、shift(major changes that create a new subtype of the virus). Avian Flu According to the United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention( CDC), birds carry every known subtype of influenza A. When scientists talk about avian flu, however, they usually mean varieties that exist mostly or entir
11、ely in birds-not in people. Most of the time, birds cant transmit the flu directly to people. They first infect pigs and other animals that can contract both human and avian flu strains. When the strains come into contact with one another, they create a new strain that infects humans. Many wild bird
12、s carry avian flu in their intestines(肠 )and shed the virus in their droppings, but they dont usually get sick from it. Domesticated birds, however, can get sick when they come into contact with contaminated(污染的 )water, feed or soil. Birds spread the disease to each other through their saliva, respi
13、ratory secretions and droppings. Avian flu is either low pathogenic(致病的 )or high pathogenic. Low pathogenic strains cause very mild symptoms, like ruffled feathers and reduced egg production. High pathogenic strains, however, can be deadly-they often have a mortality rate approaching 100%. Birds tha
14、t survive can continue to shed the virus in their droppings for ten days after recovering, which helps the virus continue to spread. Avian Flu H5N1 In 1997, health officials in Hong Kong reported a virulent(致命的 )strain of avian flu. For the first time, it appeared that the virus moved directly from
15、birds to people instead of moving through a second species. The virus caused typical flu symptoms, and it also lead to eye infections, pneumonia and acute respiratory distress. Tests confirmed that this strain of the virus, influenza A H5N1, was completely new to humans. Eighteen people infected wit
16、h the virus were hospitalized, and six of them died. The Hong Kong government, alarmed at the potential threat of a pandemic, took drastic steps. In about three days, the government destroyed about 1.5 million birds, Hong Kongs entire poultry population. Although this measure sounds extreme, many he
17、alth experts believe that Hong Kongs actions prevented an influenza pandemic. Avian Flu and a Global Pandemic Some people wonder whether scientists are overreacting to bird flu. After all, the virus has infected under 200 people, as compared to millions of birds. It also cant easily move from birds
18、to people, and its even less able to move from person to person. But public health officials have several concerns about avian flu: It has an extremely high mortality rate and kills previously healthy young adults. Since many wild, migrating birds carry it, controlling its spread is difficult. There
19、s no vaccine for the virus, which appears to be developing a resistance to the few drugs that can limit its severity. Right now, avian flu H5N1 is most threatening to birds, especially in Asia. The biggest threat to human health and potential for the spread of the disease is also in Asia, where many
20、 rural families have at least a few chickens that typically roam free instead of living in an enclosure. But health officials report that the disease has gotten hardier and more infectious, and they worry that it may mutate and become a bigger threat to people. If the virus gained the ability to inf
21、ect people more easily and to move from person to person, it could cause a pandemic-a global epidemic. Scientists warn that a flu pandemic is inevitable and that the world is unprepared for one. No one can predict when a pandemic might strike or whether influenza H5N1 will be the cause. Health offic
22、ials in the United States, Europe and other Western countries are assisting Asian nations in managing avian flu. The steps that theyre taking to try to avoid a pandemic include: Containing or destroying any birds that appear to be infected. Advising people who handle poultry on proper hygiene and bi
23、osecurity practices. As more people contract the virus, it becomes more likely that disease will mutate into something more harmful to people. Administering seasonal flu vaccines to people who handle poultry. The flu shot doesnt provide any protection against avian flu, but it does lower the likelih
24、ood that someone could be infected with both flu varieties at once, giving the viruses an opportunity to exchange genetic material. Monitoring wild and domestic birds for any signs of infection. Developing a vaccine for avian flu H5N1 , which German scientists say should be available in late 2005, a
25、nd stockpiling antiviral drugs. Banning imports of birds and poultry and quarantining pets and performing animals when they return from countries with reported infections. Many countries also have plans in place for isolating infected travelers and quarantining anyone who has traveled with them. Res
26、ponse plans also outline how to limit the spread of the disease if a pandemic occurs. 2 Viruses can reproduce on their own and destroy host cells while bacteria cannot. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Common cold and influenza viruses both attack the respiratory system. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 According to
27、CDC, birds carry every known subtype of influenza A and can transmit the flu directly to humans. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Birds with avian flu often have a mortality rate approaching 100%. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 HN1 is a subtype of avian flu and was first found in Hong Kong in 199 （ A） Y （ B） N （ C）
28、 NG 7 The Hong Kong government destroyed the entire poultry population for fear of the potential threat of pandemic. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 If a person catches HN1, hed better lie in bed and drink as much water as possible. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 One of the reasons why public health officials are
29、concerned about avian flu is that it is deadly and can kill previously healthy _. 10 If avian flu HN1 gained the ability to move from person to person, it could cause a _. 11 According to German scientists, a vaccine for avian flu HN1 will be available in _. Section A Directions: In this section, yo
30、u will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four
31、choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） The man enjoys traveling by car. （ B） The man lives far from the subway. （ C） The man is good at driving. （ D） The man used to own a car. （ A） Tony should continue taking the course. （ B） She approves of Tonys decision. （ C） Ton
32、y can choose another science course. （ D） She cant meet Tony so early in the morning. （ A） She has to study for the exam. （ B） She is particularly interested in plays. （ C） Shes eager to watch the new play. （ D） She can lend her notes to the man. （ A） They will be replaced by on-line education soone
33、r or later. （ B） They will attract fewer kids as on-line education expands. （ C） They will continue to exist along with on-line education. （ D） They will limit their teaching to certain subjects only. （ A） Most students would like to work for a newspaper. （ B） Most students find a job by reading adv
34、ertisements. （ C） Most students find it hard to get a job after they graduate. （ D） Most students dont want jobs advertised in the newspapers. （ A） Move the washing machine to the basement. （ B） Turn the basement into a workshop. （ C） Repair the washing machine. （ D） Finish his assignment. （ A） Some
35、 students at the back cannot hear the professor. （ B） The professor has changed his reading assignment. （ C） Some of the students are not on the professors list. （ D） The professor has brought extra copies of his assignment. （ A） She doesnt want to talk about the contest. （ B） Shes modest about her
36、success in the contest. （ C） Shes spent two years studying English in Canada. （ D） Shes very proud of her success in the speech contest. （ A） Because they are the warmest. （ B） Because they are the most fashionable. （ C） Because they dont get stuck in the snow. （ D） Because they are unbelievably com
37、fortable. （ A） They have already existed. （ B） They will come into being in the future. （ C） They are only peoples unrealistic dreams. （ D） They may be put into commercial use very soon. （ A） By attending lectures. （ B） By surfing on the internet. （ C） By watching TV programs. （ D） By preparing for
38、a presentation. （ A） Next Thursday. （ B） Next Tuesday. （ C） This weekend. （ D） Tomorrow night. （ A） Thursday. （ B） Friday. （ C） Saturday. （ D） Sunday. （ A） He is going to write a paper. （ B） He is going to a football game. （ C） He is going to sleep all morning. （ D） He is going downtown with some gu
39、ys. （ A） Brother and sister. （ B） Mother and son. （ C） Teacher and student. （ D） Classmates. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
40、question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） How to find a place to live in. （ B） What kind of apartment you need. （ C） A dilemma: buying or renting a house. （ D） A good way to minimize house search. （ A） Over the radio. （ B） From a house agent. （ C） In
41、the local newspaper. （ D） On the school bulletin board. （ A） To uphold the terms of the contract. （ B） To pay for any regular maintenance. （ C） To have the carpet or paint renewed. （ D） To cover any damage to the apartment. （ A） Ignorance of the signed agreement can be excused. （ B） The security dep
42、osit cannot always be fully returned. （ C） A good roommate is more desirable than an apartment. （ D） Keeping pets or smoking in the apartment is prohibited. （ A） To stay off the phone. （ B） To use a cordless phone. （ C） To hold a phone with wires. （ D） To stay away from plumbing pipes. （ A） A comput
43、er. （ B） A television. （ C） A PVC pipe. （ D） An air conditioner. （ A） To urge children to get enough sleep. （ B） To relieve the burden of school children. （ C） To dissuade teenagers from staying up late. （ D） To tell Americans to have 9 hours of sleep every night. （ A） They perform better in school.
44、 （ B） They suffer fewer accidents. （ C） They are less likely to be too fat. （ D） They are free from serious disorders. （ A） They have endless energy. （ B） They feel low in spirits. （ C） They become angry easily. （ D） They cant control their emotions. （ A） Beside a window. （ B） Next to a pretty girl.
45、 （ C） In the front of the plane. （ D） Anywhere but by the window. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required
46、to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 Russia is the largest economic p
47、ower that is not a member of the World Trade Organization. But that may change. Last Friday, the European Union said it would support Russia s【 B1】 _to be come a W. T. O. member. Representatives of the European Union met with Russian【 B2】 _in Moscow. They signed a trade agreement that took six years
48、 to【 B3】 _. Russia called the trade agreement【 B4】 _.It agreed to slowly increase fuel prices with in the country. It also agreed to permit【 B5】 _in its communications industry and to remove some barriers to trade. In【 B6】 _for European support to join the W. T. O. , Russian President Putin said tha
49、t Russia would speed up the【 B7】 _to approve the Kyoto Protocol, an international【 B8】_agreement to reduce the production of harmful industrial gases.【 B9】 _ Russia had signed the Kyoto Protocol, but has not yet approved it. The agreement takes effect when it has been approved by nations that produce at least 55 percent of the worlds greenhouse gases【 B10】 _. The United States, the world s biggest producer, withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol after President Bush took
