1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 570及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Global Short age of Fresh Water. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the out line(given in Chinese)below. 1. 人们以为淡水是取之不尽的 (提
2、示：雨水、河水、井水 ) 2. 实际上淡水是非常紧缺的 (提示：人口增加，工业用水增加，污染 ) 3. 我们应该怎么办 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) i
3、f the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Types of Climate Climate is the combination of temperature, moisture, wind, and sunshin
4、e at a place over a period of many years. Weather is made up of atmospheric conditions during a few hours or days. The weather may be rainy on a certain day. But that place may usually have a warm, dry, sunny climate. We learn about the climate of a place by studying its temperature, moistare, wind,
5、 and sunshine from season to season and year to year. Temperature and the amount of rainfall are the two most important elements of climate. Others are humidity(air moisture), cloudiness, fog, sunshine, wind, storms, and air pressure. There are many different types of climate on earth. Climates of t
6、he world can be classified according to their latitudes and the plants that grow there. Different kinds of plants need different amounts of heat and moisture for growth. The vegetation of a region tells us about temperature and rainfall conditions over a long period of time. Tropical Climates Tropic
7、al climates are found in regions between 35 N and 35 S latitude. In the tropical rain forest(nearest the equator)conditions are warm and rainy all year long, and there is a thick cover of trees. Places farther north and south of the equator have a tropical wet-and-try climate. There the forests are
8、not so dense, and many trees lose their leaves in the dry season. Along 23.5 N and 23.5 S latitude there are vast regions of tropical desert climate, where very little vegetation can grow. Subtropical Climates Subtropical climates are usually found between 30 and 40 North and South latitudes. The su
9、btropical western coasts of the continents have a Mediterranean climate. Summers are hot and dry; winters are mild and wet. On the subtropical eastern coasts of continents the climate is humid subtropical. Summers are hot, and winters are mild. There is enough rainfall in all seasons for forests. Mi
10、d-latitude Climates Mid-latitude climates occur between 40 and 60 NS latitudes. Strong westerly winds blow in the mid latitudes. The climate of the west coast of North America is mild and rainy most of the year. It helps the growth of fine timber forests. Some places in the mid-latitudes do not rece
11、ive moisture because of mountain barriers or their great distance from the oceans. Humid continental climates cover large mid-latitude areas in eastern parts of the continents. They are forest climates with cold winters and warm summers. Most of the rainfall comes in the summer. High-latitude Climat
12、es High-latitude climates occur from 60 to the poles, North and South. In the high latitudes temperatures are very cold in winter and cool in summer. The short summers are warm enough for forests of ever green trees. Greenland and Antarctica have a polar climate, where great ice caps exist because o
13、f year round freezing. High-altitude Climates Highland climates are cooler than the surrounding lowlands because of the effects of altitude. High land climates are found on the high mountains of the world, even on the equator. In the tropics and mid latitudes different kinds of vegetation grow in zo
14、nes up the slopes of mountains to the permanent snow fields. The Causes of Different Climates The differences in climate from place to place are caused by climatic controls. The major climatic controls are latitude, altitude, land and water bodies, ocean currents, winds, and storm centers. Latitude
15、makes climates colder toward the north and south poles(high latitudes)than at the tropics near the equator(low latitudes). Low-latitude regions remain warm throughout the year. At higher latitudes there are greater differences between winter and summer temperatures. Altitude affects climate by lower
16、ing temperatures as the height above sea level increases. At high altitudes the air is less dense and does not absorb and hold as much heat. On the average, the temperature drops about 2 degrees Celsius for each 300 meters of altitude( about 3.5 degrees Fahrenheit for each 1 000 feet). Thus snow can
17、 remain on mountainlike Fujiyama when nearby lowlands are warm. Land and water bodies influence climate. Land warms up rapidly in summer and cools off rapidly in winter. But large bodies of water change temperature slowly, with the seasons. Mid-continental places in middle and high latitudes have a
18、continental climate. Summers are warm and winter cold. Islands and sea coasts usually have milder winters and cooler summers because of the water surfaces nearby. Ocean currents affect climate in many parts of the world. Some currents carry warm water to cool regions; others carry-cool water to warm
19、 regions. The Labrador Current is cold. The Gulf Stream is a warm ocean current. It carries warm water from the tropical Atlantic toward the coasts of northwestern Europe. As a result, winters in the British Isles and in Western Europe are warmer than other regions in the same latitudes. Winds carry
20、 heat and moisture and therefore affect climate. Winds that come from lands in high latitudes are cold and dry. Some winds change direction with the seasons. In southern Asia winds called monsoons are dry and cool in the winter, when they blow from the land. In the summer they blow from the ocean an
21、d produce heavy rainfall. Climate and the water cycle Water enters the atmosphere by evaporation from land and water surfaces. Winds carry water vapor and clouds to other areas. There the moisture is returned to the earth in the form of rain or snow. Much of the water falls on land and runs off to t
22、he sea in rivers. But some moisture enters the soil. It helps growing plants or builds up the groundwater supply. The constant movement of water from land to sea to air and back again is called the water cycle. The amount of water available for farming, industry, and many other uses differs from one
23、 climate to another. People try to overcome these differences by using water resources wisely. The water cycle can be controlled in part for a short time by storing water in reservoirs, irrigating land, draining wetlands, or pumping water from wells. Climate and people Climate influences peoples com
24、fort, well-being, and activities in many ways. Most people do not work as well in a hot, moist climate as in a cooler, drier climate. Extremely high or low temperatures arc uncomfortable. Certain diseases are more common in some climates than in others. It is difficult to deter mine what is the best
25、 or ideal climate for human beings. People differ in their reactions to climate because of their individual characteristics and attitudes. The amount and kind of clothing people wear is determined partly by climate. Clothing for cold cli mates gives protection against wind and cold. Less clothing is
26、 needed in warm climates. There are many types of special clothing for wind, cold, sun, rain, and snow. People build houses mainly for shelter from the climatic elements. Carefully planed houses take ad vantage of sunlight, wind direction, and other factors to obtain a maximum of comfort as well as
27、protection. The amount of heating or air conditioning needed in a building depends upon the construction of the building as well as the outside climate. Many modern inventions have made it possible for people to live comfortably in any kind of climate. Climate affects the food supply by setting limi
28、ts for profitable production of crops and animals. Climate influences cattle raising and forestry because it determines where grasslands and forests will grow. Winds, clouds, and storms have to be considered in travel by land, sea, or air and even in the launching of satellite. Most industries take
29、special precautions to protect their products against weather and climate during manufacture, storage, and shipment. 2 Climate is the combination of temperature, moisture, wind and sunshine at a place over a period of many years. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Weather refers to atmospheric conditions durin
30、g a few hours or days. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 There are dense forests all over the tropical regions. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 A Mediterranean climate is characterized by its hot summers and mild winters. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Highland climates could be found all over the world except on the equato
31、r. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 Latitiude affects climate by lowering temperatures as the height above sea level increases., （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 The Labrador Current is warm while the Gulf Stream is cold current. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 Winds carry _ and therefore affect climate. 10 The water circle
32、refers to the _ of water from land to sea to air and back again. 11 With modern inventions it s possible for people to live _ in any kind of climate. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more ques
33、tions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） She paid ￥ 40.00 for the coat. （ B） H
34、er husband presented it to her as a gift. （ C） She bought the coat on her fortieth birthday. （ D） Her friend sent it to her as a new one. （ A） To keep his old car and get a new one. （ B） To leave it in the garage to be repaired. （ C） To sell his car for a new one. （ D） To get his car repaired later.
35、 （ A） Husband and wife. （ B） Father and daughter. （ C） Doctor and patient. （ D） Teacher and student. （ A） The man went to the concert, but the woman didnt. （ B） The woman went to the concert, but the man didnt. （ C） The speakers did not go to the concert. （ D） Both speakers went to the concert. （ A）
36、 An England textbook. （ B） A Chinese textbook. （ C） A chemistry book. （ D） A history book. （ A） The woman goes to school during the day and works at night. （ B） The woman has to work to support herself. （ C） The womans classes are not difficult. （ D） The woman studies at night. （ A） She feels that h
37、e wont accept anything. （ B） She s sure he already has a pocket calculator. （ C） She thinks he has almost everything he wants. （ D） She s afraid he wants more than she can afford. （ A） Tom survived the accident. （ B） Tom was killed in the accident. （ C） Someone saved Tom s life. （ D） It did little d
38、amage to Tom s car. （ A） She did Ellen decide to go to Bangkok. （ B） She enjoys the food there. （ C） She was persuaded to do so. （ D） She has invited by her close friends. （ A） February. （ B） April. （ C） August. （ D） November. （ A） Thai food and fruits. （ B） The weather in Bangkok. （ C） The Grand Pa
39、lace and the Buddhist temples. （ D） Night life in Pattaya. （ A） Nothing physically wrong. （ B） He should do exercises every day. （ C） He should change his eating habits. （ D） He s ill and should take some pills. （ A） 180 pounds （ B） 80 pounds （ C） 175 pounds （ D） 185 pounds （ A） Pizza and a Coke. （
40、B） a few doughnuts and a coffee （ C） hot dogs, fries and a Coke （ D） ice cream （ A） take some pills （ B） changing his eating habit and do some exercises. （ C） watch sports on TV （ D） eat more fast food Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage,
41、 you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） They haven t reached a decision yet. （ B） They have decided to go hunting bears. （ C） They want to g
42、o hunting camping. （ D） They want to go exploring the country. （ A） Susie. （ B） Tom. （ C） The speaker. （ D） The speaker s husband. （ A） They chased the bear away. （ B） They stayed outside the tent and did nothing. （ C） They climbed up a tree. （ D） They put some honey outside for the bear to eat. （ A
43、） He ate the honey. （ B） He drank the beer. （ C） He chased the people away. （ D） He turned things upside down. （ A） He missed the appointment. （ B） He arrived late. （ C） He was sick. （ D） He was very busy. （ A） He was busy sightseeing. （ B） He couldnt reach Mr. Jordans office. （ C） He didnt want to
44、see Mr. Jordan any more. （ D） He didnt want to take the trouble making it. （ A） It is completely flat. （ B） It has few rivers. （ C） It has many large lakes. （ D） It is hilly. （ A） The soil has been overworked. （ B） The climate is cold. （ C） The weather is too dry. （ D） The soil is sandy. （ A） By rai
45、sing cattle. （ B） By working on farms: （ C） By working in factories. （ D） By raising sheep. （ A） At school. （ B） From their parents. （ C） From books. （ D） In factories. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should
46、 listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you c
47、an either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 Todays lecture is on the subject of Pronunciation Achievement Factors. As an introduction we should ask ourselves three questions. Why should it be difficult for adults to learn【 B1】 _pronunciation in a foreign language? Secondly
48、, why do some people achieve better results than others? And thirdly, what factors【 B2】_who will achieve good pronunciation? There have been several research studies【 B3】 _factors that affect performance. Firstly, and perhaps the most【 B4】 _was the mother tongue. The closer the students own language
49、 is to English to start with, the【 B5】 _the chance of high achievement. Secondly, he discovered that the learners【 B6】 _towards pronunciation makes a difference: Students who believe in the importance of pronunciation tend to make more progress. Thirdly,【 B7】 _with native speakers of the language has strong【 B8】 _effects on pronunciation. Fourthly, and possibly the least important, was the students own natural ability.【 B9】 _. Two other factors were tested but found to be
