1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 680及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled My View on Charity. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 1近日，有些从事慈善事业的个人及机构受到人们的批评 2出现这 种现象的原因 3我的看法 My View on Charity 二、 Part II Reading
2、 Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) i
3、f the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Animal Testing Anna stares at the computer screen and considers her options. In front of her are two shapes a flower and a diamond. If she picks the right one, she w
4、ill be rewarded with bananas. The wrong choice will briefly switch the lights off in her glass box. She decides on the diamond and is plunged into darkness. During the next nine minutes, Anna makes the same mistake over and over again. The neuroscienti-sts (神经学家 ) who designed this experiment are te
5、sting how good Anna is at learning new rules. Over the past few weeks, she had learned that the diamond was her ticket to a sugary drink, but this is the first test in which the rules have been reversed. Most of the animals adapt quickly; but Anna is different. In March, she had precision brain surg
6、ery in which researchers destroyed a small area of her brain. She moves, eats and behaves normally around the other animals, but the experiments are showing that the specific brain region destroyed is crucial for subtle behavioral abilities. If Anna were human, this experiment would not be possible.
7、 But the studies carried out on her and the other marmosets (美洲产长尾猴 ) at one of the most controversial research centers in Britain are providing vital insights into the brain malfunctions that cause mental problems. Animal rights campaigners condemn this research as cruel and unnecessary. This Sprin
8、g, the famous primatologist (灵长类动物学家 ) Dr. Jane Goodall asked the European Union to do more to find other routes to cures. The European Commission is reviewing Directive 86/609, which governs animal research across the EU. Goodall and groups who are against experiments with animals hope to pressure
9、the commission to include a timetable to end primate (灵长类动物 ) testing altogether. Despite being a world-class neuroscientist, Jessica, who runs a secret marmoset facility at a leading British university, rarely talks about her job. Police have found her name on a hit list put together by animal righ
10、ts extremists. She is afraid that if her work becomes more widely known, her home and family might be targeted. Jessica has never before talked to a journalist, but now she feels a duty to speak. “ Im fed up with the amount of misinformation thats constantly put out,“ she said. She particularly obje
11、cts to the photographs shown on anti-animal testing websites with monkeys terrified because protesters have broken in during the night; or images that are cut to make the cages look too small. They are often decades out of date, she says. “ The disorders which we are trying to treat are crippling to
12、 people. I would love it if we could just tell the world what we do. “ The marmosets live in nine rooms, in cages nearly three meters high that are full of ladders, beams and ropes. The cages are designed with the needs of this species in mind. The monkeys, which are bred here, live either in family
13、 groups of up to 15 or in pairs, as they would in the wild. “ What we try to do is, as closely as possible, give them all the opportunities they would have in the wild,“ says Peter, the laboratorys animal welfare officer. In the marmoset kitchen, he prepares the monkeys food. Their diet consists of
14、egg and Complan sandwiches, along with pills that give them the correct balance of minerals. But Peter also includes a dried fruit-and-nut mix and fresh fruit. Groups who are against the use of animals in research claim that scientists force the monkeys to perform by starving them and not giving the
15、m water. Peter denies this. He says the animals receive a balanced diet, and breeding animals receive exactly the same diet as the experimental monkeys. “ We limit the times when they have treats. But we are not starving the animals. Treating the animals badly would be counter-productive. Animals fo
16、rced to take part in experiments would give unreliable results ,“ he says. For those who are against primate research, though, even the best conditions mean suffering. “ We know that the intelligence and emotional needs of monkeys make even day-to-day life in a laboratory cage a serious animal right
17、s issue in addition to the horrifying suffering that can be caused by invasive brain studies or poisoning tests,“ said an animal rights spokesperson. This is a problem for many people who are uncomfortable with the idea of experimenting on the brains of creatures so evolutionarily close to ourselves
18、. To explore how the monkeys brains work, the researchers must destroy parts of the brain tissue. The research in the lab is not aimed at testing specific new drugs against the monkey versions of human brain diseases, or how poisonous new products are. Tests are aimed at understanding the basic nerv
19、ing architecture of primates (including us), so that treatments for brain diseases may become a possibility. One focus is on testing the monkeys behavioral flexibility and finding out which areas of the brain are responsible. It is these parts of the brain that are changed in conditions such as OCD(
20、强迫症 ). OCD patients feel they have to repeat certain aspects of behavior, such as washing their hands. Anna , returning time and again to the wrong symbol in her computer test, shows a similar behavior, says Jessica. When OCD patients are given the same rule-changing task, they act in the same way.
21、The difference with Anna is that one can work out which part of the brain is responsible for the behavior and so offer options for treating the symptoms in people. Jessica insists that the insights her team is providing into how the human brain works would not be possible any other way. No scientist
22、 would choose to work on animals if an alternative existed, she said. It is expensive and dangerous because of the extremes to which some who are against the work are prepared to go. “ You need to do something for this huge number of people who suffer from these mental disorders. We cant do that unl
23、ess we understand how the brain controls our behavior. “ Critics say using animals in research is old-fashioned science. “Urgent action is needed to improve the protection of animals, and to replace immoral and outdated animal experiments with non-animal techniques,“ said Dr. Gill Langley of the Dr
24、Hadwen Trust, a non-animal medical research organization. She favors methods such as tissue culture, computer modeling and brain studies, which, she says, are more advanced and relevant to human patients. 2 The purpose of the experiment that Anna takes part in is to see_. （ A） how she recognizes dif
25、ferent shapes （ B） how she adjusts to the darkness （ C） how she reacts with new orders （ D） how she changes in her behaviors 3 According to the experiments, what is closely related to Annas subtle behavioral abilities? （ A） The part of brain destroyed in the surgery. （ B） The ingredients of daily di
26、et given to Anna. （ C） The instructions given by neuroscientists. （ D） The amount of food rewarded to Anna. 4 Goodall and anti-animal testing groups press the European Commission to_. （ A） fix a date for ending primate testing （ B） make stricter regulations on primate testing （ C） sentence the prima
27、te testers to life in prison （ D） investigate the qualification of primate testers 5 4 Why does Jessica talk about her work to the public? （ A） She hopes to protect her home and family. （ B） She decides to correct misinformation. （ C） She intends to attract world attention. （ D） She hopes to raise s
28、ome public funds. 6 Peter says they try to provide the lab animals with_. （ A） the best conditions in all European labs （ B） what the researchers expect them to have （ C） puzzle works and toys for them to play （ D） whatever the animals would have in the wild 7 Peter believes that bad treatment to th
29、e testing animals will result in_. （ A） unexpected deaths of animals （ B） animal attacks on researchers （ C） unreliable experiment results （ D） serious animal rights issues 8 According to an animal rights spokesperson, what is the horrifying suffering for animals? （ A） Animals are deprived of their
30、natural life. （ B） Animals frequently die from experimimts. （ C） Animals cannot breed their offspring. （ D） Animals suffer in the brain surgery. 9 The author says that brain researches on monkeys are designed to find_. 10 Jessica insists that scientists would no longer choose to work on animals if_
31、. 11 In order to protect animals, Dr. Gill Langley calls for replacing animal testing with_ Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversa
32、tion and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） He didnt enjoy Janes company before. （ B） Jane has been too hardworking. （ C） Jane should chang
33、e her job. （ D） Jane does not accompany him enough. （ A） A person should know more technologies. （ B） A person should focus on something. （ C） A person should work in more than one branch. （ D） A person should be good at everything. （ A） Most people are quite honest. （ B） It is impossible to know ot
34、hers. （ C） It is easy to find honest people in the world. （ D） It takes time to test whether people are honest. （ A） It will leave a stain. （ B） It spoiled the party. （ C） It doesnt matter. （ D） It made something broken. （ A） The woman hasnt used travelers checks before. （ B） Travelers checks are no
35、t safe enough. （ C） Travelers checks cant be used everywhere. （ D） Travelers check is a kind of cash. （ A） Governments have guaranteed an absolute minimum quality of life. （ B） Its reasonable for companies to reduce the staff and stop recruitment. （ C） The woman thinks its impossible to raise the st
36、andard of living. （ D） The man thinks the truth is that the poorest are unemployed. （ A） Do some body exercises when commercials are on. （ B） Turn off TV sets when commercials are on. （ C） Change the channels when commercials are on., （ D） Take a nap when commercials are on. （ A） He is on behalf of
37、somebody. （ B） He doesnt want to meet the man. （ C） He is busy with something now. （ D） He will be busy for a whole day. （ A） His roommates dialects are difficult to understand. （ B） His roommates come back to the dormitory at midnight. （ C） He quarreled with his roommates last night. （ D） He cant f
38、all asleep due to his roommates chatting. （ A） There will usually be a cold war after a quarrel. （ B） There should be clear duty divisions between roommates. （ C） Roommates should be careful with complaints. （ D） Roommates should remind each others duties. （ A） Ignoring the problem to avoid causing
39、anything unpleasant. （ B） Trying to find a roommate who is considerate and careful. （ C） Being tolerant and understanding of each others shortcomings. （ D） Having a quarrel with your roommate with offensive words. （ A） How to operate a smart investment. （ B） Mr. Browns present investment. （ C） The r
40、isks of investment. （ D） The returns of investment. （ A） Knowing stock market. （ B） Having a definite aim. （ C） Having adequate money. （ D） Having realistic expectations. （ A） Types of products. （ B） Big surprises later. （ C） Law of stock market. （ D） Risks and potential rewards. （ A） It has average
41、d 30% annual returns. （ B） It has rise and fall irregularly. （ C） It gets returns all the time. （ D） Short-term investment will gain big returns. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the
42、questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Wednesday. （ B） Monday. （ C） Friday. （ D） Sunday. （ A） They become increasingly cheerful from Friday to Saturday. （ B） They are as depressed on Wednesday as
43、 expected. （ C） Most of them thought they felt lowest on Monday. （ D） They thought they felt happiest on Sunday. （ A） Mondays are as depressing as they have feared. （ B） Fridays and Saturdays are as exciting as predicted. （ C） Their mood almost stays the same throughout the week. （ D） Their mood dep
44、ends on how to spend their time. （ A） What to buy for Americans. （ B） How to make friends with Americans. （ C） How to be a guest in an Americans home. （ D） How to invite Americans to your home. （ A） It is expected by all the hosts. （ B） It is an obligation of the guests. （ C） It is up to the guests
45、themselves. （ D） It should be flowers, candy or toys. （ A） Wear comfortable, casual clothes. （ B） Eat much of food she prepared. （ C） Bring your favorite food to her. （ D） Invite her to your house next time. （ A） Write lovers names on cards. （ B） Send flowers, cards, etc. （ C） Hold a big party for e
46、ach other. （ D） Sing special songs. （ A） Red flowers and happy children. （ B） Joyful children and beautiful gardens. （ C） Lace and paper flowers and leaves. （ D） Pictures from magazines. （ A） Exchange valentines with their friends. （ B） Make valentine cards for their friends. （ C） Send flowers to th
47、eir teachers. （ D） Hold valentine party for their parents. （ A） Send large and fancy cards to friends. （ B） Make valentines for parents and teachers. （ C） Hold a big feast with family members. （ D） Sing special songs and receive gifts. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage t
48、hree times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are r
49、equired to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 Women know that a lack of sleep leaves them irritable; however, most of them are【 B1】 _ of the damage it may be doing to their skin. Besides, being an essential【 B2】 _of a healthy lifestyle , getting 8 hours of sleep per night helps【 B3】_their skin. During the night the skin is restored from the【 B4】 _effects of daily stress. When th
