1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 912及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on campus love. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 对于大学在校本科生谈恋爱的现象，不同的人有不同的看法 。 2你的观点。 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming a
2、nd Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradict
3、s the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 How Ice Cream Works The U.S. ice cream industry sells about a million gallons of ice cream each year, dispensing cones, gallons, pints, sundaes and other desserts through grocery stores and i
4、ce cream shops, In fact, eight percent of all the milk produced in the U.S. ends up in a frozen dairy product. Ice Cream or Frozen Dessert? Not just any frozen treat can be called ice cream. In fact, the U.S. Department of Agriculture has specific rules that define what can and cant be labeled “ice
5、cream“. To bear the “Meets USDA Ingredient Standard for Ice Cream“ stamp, it has to contain at least 10 percent milk fat, and a minimum of six percent non-fat milk solids. A gallon has to weigh at least 4.5 pounds. The range of milk fat (sometimes referred to as butter fat) used in ice cream can go
6、from the minimum 10 percent to a maximum of about 16 percent. Most premium ice creams use 14 percent milk fat. Higher fat content leads to better, richer taste and a creamier texture. Ice cream makers dont go higher than 16 percent because it would be costly and very high in calories. An ice cream w
7、ith this much milk fat would also taste so rich that people would probably eat it in smaller amounts, which would be bad news for people who sell ice cream for a living. Other frozen desserts, such as sorbets (果汁冰糕 ), low-fat ice cream, and frozen yogurt, are not technically ice cream at all. Frozen
8、 custard is ice cream that has at least 1.4 percent egg yolk solids, and “soft serve“ can be any frozen milk-based dessert that has not gone through the hardening process-more on that later. In terms of specific ingredients, the recipe for ice cream is simple. But in scientific terms, its complicate
9、d stuff. Ice cream is a colloid, a type of emulsion (乳状液 ). An emulsion is a combination of two substances that dont normally mix together. Instead, one of the substances is dispersed throughout the other. In ice cream, molecules of fat are suspended in a water-sugar- ice structure along with air bu
10、bbles. The presence of air means that ice cream is also technically a foam. In addition to milk fat, non-fat milk solids, sugar, and air, ice cream also contains stabilizers and emulsifiers. Stabilizers help hold the air bubble structure together and give the ice cream a better texture. Although gel
11、atin(凝胶 ) was originally used as a stabilizer, xanthan gum, guar gum, and other compounds are used today. Emulsifiers keep the ice cream smooth and aid the distribution of the fat molecules throughout the colloid. Egg yolks were once used, but ice cream manufacturers now tend to use other chemical c
12、ompounds. These stabilizers and emulsifiers make up a very small proportion (less than one percent) of the ice cream. Making Ice Cream Whether its being made in your kitchen with a hand crank, at a local homemade ice cream shop with a stand-alone ice cream maker, or in a factory that cranks out thou
13、sands of gallons of ice cream every day, the process of making ice cream is basically the same. The only difference is the scale of the operation. First, you need ice cream mix. You can buy commercially made ice cream mix that is set to a certain milk fat content. Ice cream factories usually make th
14、eir own mix by combining milk, cream and sugar in a 3,000 gallon vat, with the proportions and mixing controlled by computers. The mix is then pasteurized ( 用巴氏法灭菌 ), or heated, to kill any harmful bacteria. If you were to make your own mix at home, you could pasteurize it by cooking it in a double
15、boiler, or use an egg substitute or pasteurized egg product. This step is important, because otherwise people who eat your homemade ice cream could get sick due to salmonella contamination. According to the Centers for Disease Control, those most at risk include the elderly, very young children, and
16、 people with compromised immune systems. The next step in production is adding flavor to the mix. There are thousands of varieties of ice cream, so just about any combination of flavors is possible. From vanilla to cinnamon, chocolate to triple chocolate fudge brownie, it all gets blended into the i
17、ce cream mix. In a factory, this step takes place in vats that hold hundreds of gallons of ice cream, while giant steel paddles do the mixing. In your kitchen, a large bowl and a food mixer will work, or even a wooden spoon and muscle power if you want some exercise. Solid chunks such as pieces of f
18、ruit, chocolate chunks, marshmallows, and candy are added later. The next step is where an ice cream making machine comes into play. The mix has to be simultaneously frozen and whipped. In a factory, this happens in a giant tube surrounded by pipes. The pipes contain chemicals such as ammonia that f
19、reeze the tube, but the ammonia never comes into contact with the ice cream. The ice cream mix is pumped through the tube, where it gets cold very quickly. A dasher, or blade, turns inside the tube. This whips the mixture, introducing the air bubbles that help give ice cream its structure. The dashe
20、r also serapes the sides of the tube, clearing off ice crystals that form there. This prevents large ice crystals from mining the flavor and texture of the ice cream. All the elements of this process are carefully monitored and controlled by computers. Most homemade ice cream shops use a batch freez
21、er for this step, where the same process happens on a smaller scale. This step can be accomplished at home with a rock salt/ice mixture for freezing and a hand or electric cranked dasher to mix and scrape off the ice crystals. Once the ice cream has come out of the ice cream maker, the process isnt
22、finished. At this point, the mixture is frozen, but still soft Large chunks of candy and other goodies are now added. Then the ice cream is placed into containers. Factory machines pour it straight into cartons or buckets, or it can be extruded ( 挤压出 ) into shapes that have wooden sticks placed into
23、 them for individual treats. Now the ice cream needs to be reduced to a very low temperature, zero degrees Fahrenheit or below. Factories make it even colder since they need the ice cream to stay frozen while it is packaged and loaded onto trucks. It needs to be very cold to freeze the ice cream qui
24、ckly and prevent the formation of large ice crystals. This process is known as hardening. “Soft-serve“ is often simply ice cream that has not gone through this process. Well learn about the ice cream industry in the next section. Ice Cream Industry In 1999, retail sales of ice cream in the U.S., the
25、 worldwide leader in ice cream production, topped 4 billion. In 2002, more than 20 billion was spent on frozen desserts. The leading states in ice cream consumption are California, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Texas and New York. Americans ate an average of 21.5 quarts of ice cream per person in 2004. Wit
26、h that much money to be made, the ice cream industry can be secretive and underhanded (秘密的 ). Deborah Hanny, owner of Sweet Jennys Ice Cream in Williamsville, NY, protects her recipes carefully. Her shop has been photographed by men in suits and she once caught someone in her upstairs office hurried
27、ly trying to copy down her recipes. Ice cream making secrets are seldom passed down from generation to generation these days. So where do people in the ice cream industry learn their craft? At ice cream school. Pennsylvania State University offers a week-long “Ice Cream Short Course“ intended for in
28、dustry professionals. The course teaches the science and technology used to make ice cream. They also offer Ice Cream 101 for ice cream hobbyists who just want to learn more about their favorite frozen treat. The University of Guelph, Ontarios Dairy Science and Technology school, also has a long his
29、tory of teaching ice cream science. 2 Eight percent of all the milk produced in the U.S. ends up in a frozen dairy product. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Any frozen treat can be called ice cream. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 In addition to milk fat, non-fat milk solids, sugar, and air, ice cream also contains
30、stabilizers and emulsifiers. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 The process of making ice cream at home is different from that in a factory. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Once the ice cream has come out of the ice cream maker, the process is finished. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 Ice cream making secrets are passed down
31、from generation to generation these days. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Many universities in U.S.A. offer courses of ice cream science. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 The range of milk fat used in ice cream can go _. 10 In 1999, retail sakes of ice cream in the U.S. topped _. 11 With that much money to be made,
32、the ice cream industry can be _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each
33、 question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） The team just ran out of time. （ B） The team needs a clock. （ C） The team could have turned the clock. （ D） The team could have won. （ A） Go to Andrews pl
34、ace before class. （ B） Go to Andrews place after class. （ C） Go back to his room to get the book. （ D） Go to class. （ A） She must begin writing a paper for her history class. （ B） She must start writing up her laboratory assignments for her chemistry class. （ C） She must begin studying for her Engli
35、sh examination. （ D） She must begin studying for her French examination. （ A） Ask for directions. （ B） Try a different route to the beach. （ C） Cancel their trip. （ D） Go back for the map. （ A） He needs a ride from Jeffery again. （ B） He relies on Jeffery a lot to get his car fixed. （ C） Jeffery dep
36、ends too much on him. （ D） Jeffery will sell his car. （ A） They had no time. （ B） They could not afford it. （ C） The old one was still working. （ D） They both want to buy a motor-bike. （ A） Borrow some books. （ B） Sell her books. （ C） Buy a bookcase. （ D） Find a bigger place. （ A） Joan went to the p
37、ark. （ B） Joan sat up late last night. （ C） Joan sat up till late with her children. （ D） Joan was sick. （ A） A satellite. （ B） An ordinary plane. （ C） A space plane. （ D） A space rocket. （ A） A space plane is bigger than an ordinary plane. （ B） A space plane looks totally different from an ordinary
38、 plane. （ C） A space plane carries more passengers than an ordinary plane. （ D） A space plane travels much faster than an ordinary plane. （ A） A space rocket can only be used once. （ B） The pilot can fly a space plane just like an ordinary plane. （ C） A space rocket travels much faster than a space
39、plane. （ D） Both A and B. （ A） He was playing computer games with a few of his friends. （ B） He was playing basketball with a few of his friends. （ C） He was having a barbecue with a couple of friends. （ D） He was watching a game on TV with some friends. （ A） He hit it with a ball. （ B） He accidenta
40、lly dropped it. （ C） He tried to piece it together with super glue. （ D） He bumped into it with his arm. （ A） It burned up in a fire. （ B） Someone soaked it in ink. （ C） Hot water damaged the entire copy. （ D） Someone mistakenly threw it into the trash. （ A） Disappointment. （ B） Anger. （ C） Contentm
41、ent. （ D） Sympathy. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,
42、 B, C and D. （ A） Clean air, much food and more exercise. （ B） Clean air, fresh food and less exercise. （ C） Clean air, fresh food and simple life. （ D） Hard work, much food and simple life. （ A） They live a happy and healthy life. （ B） They are famous for their diligence. （ C） They work hard outdoo
43、rs in the fields and eat less food. （ D） There were few crimes, few divorces and not much illness in their society. （ A） The Secret of a Happy Life. （ B） The Secret of a Long Life. （ C） Hunzas of the Himalayas and Their Long Lives. （ D） The Importance of a Simple Way of Life. （ A） The best way to wo
44、rk through a finger maze. （ B） Individuals doing better in front of an audience. （ C） Researchers having contributed greatly to psychology. （ D） Improvements on the classification of human behavior. （ A） When you feel encouraged by the audience. （ B） When you try to figure out a confusing game. （ C）
45、 When you already know how to do something. （ D） When you complete with other people in a group. （ A） Practicing constantly. （ B） Working by oneself. （ C） Learning by doing. （ D） Using proven methods. （ A） January, 2004. （ B） June, 2004. （ C） July,2004. （ D） November, 200 Section C Directions: In th
46、is section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For bl
47、anks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 33 The National Health Service in Britain was set up in 1948【 B1】 _after the end of the Second World War. Its【 B2】 _is to provid
48、e free medical treatment for all patients who wish to take advantage of the【 B3】 _. However, it is still possible to【 B4】 _private medical treatment and in this case the doctor charges a fee. To say that the National Health Service is free is not【 B5】 _true. Every employed or self-employed person ov
49、er 16 years of age must put a stamp on an【 B6】_card every week. This card is【 B7】 _by a government department called the Department of Health and Social Security. The stamp costs money and the【 B8】_is constantly changing.【 B9】 _, and it finances the National Health Service together with many other social security benefits such as retirement pensions, unemployment benefit, sickness benefit and so on. In order to participate in the Health Service, a patient must register with a G
