1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 991及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled No Smoking in Public Places. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below： 1推行公共场所禁烟能够保护公众的健康 2实 现公共场所禁烟面临很多困难 3我的建议 No Smoking in Public Places 二、
2、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passa
3、ge; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 The Fathering Gap: Pitfalls of Modern Fatherhood Fathers Day, which was invented by a woman, used to be a day when the member of the family who was l
4、east often home was celebrated with a gift or card he didnt really want, which was bought with money he probably earned. Yay. These days, with a large percentage of families having two working parents, things are a little.different. This year Fathers Day is being celebrated with the release of studi
5、es about what modern fatherhood is like. The conclusion is not good news theres a growing “fathering gap“ in America. The “marriage gap“ is already a well-documented social phenomenon: couples who are wealthier and better educated tend to marry later, and stay married longer. Couples who have less e
6、ducation and less professional success tend to not marry and to divorce more often. Because a fragmented family is more expensive to maintain than an intact one, they tend to then get poorer still. The married thus end up much wealthier than the unmarried and the gap between them is getting wider. T
7、he fathering gap a term made up for the purposes of this story is similar. Fathers from intact families are spending more time with their kids than their own fathers did, but more and more fathers are not living with their families. So those who have dads in the home are getting more time with those
8、 dads. Thus the gap in actual fathering time between those whose fathers live with them and those whose fathers dont is getting wider. And just as with the marriage gap, privilege plays a big role. Fathers who are more engaged with their children tend to be wealthier and better educated. Fewer fathe
9、rs from poor families live with their kids, although they may live with some of them. So kids from better-off families tend to have more time with their dads, with all the social and developmental benefits that can often entail(传承 ). A new analysis by the Pew Research Center of data from the Nationa
10、l Survey of Family Growth(NSFG)has found that more than a quarter(27%)of all fathers with children under the age of 19 now live apart from at least some of their children.Black fathers(44%)are more than twice as likely to live apart from their kids as white fathers(21%), while just over a third of H
11、ispanic fathers maintain a separate residence. Similarly , 40% of fathers who didnt finish high school are not residing with their children, a living situation shared by only 7% of fathers who graduated college. Like the marriage gap, the fathering gap is partly an unintended consequence of the grow
12、ing education and economic influence of women. As women have had more successful careers and brought home more pay(wives now bring home an average of 44% of the household income), husbands have had to step up and share more in the joys and chores of parenting. “From 1985 to 2000, “ says the Pew repo
13、rt, “the amount of time married fathers spent with their children more than doubled.“ According to the most recent figures available, fathers log about 6.5 hours a week of child care. Mothers still do the lionesss share.logging about almost 13 hours. That daddy time has to come from somewhere, and o
14、ne of the features of the fathering gap is that men now express more concern about work-life balance than women do. In 2008, 60% of men reported experiencing work-life conflict, compared with fewer than 50% of women, according to The New Dad, a study from Boston Colleges Center for Work and Family.
15、In 1975, more women(42%)than men(35%)were concerned about it. But while women have found it hard to be taken seriously at work after they have had kids, men have found it more difficult to be taken seriously as parents. Workplaces expect them to be even more career-focused when they become dads.“In
16、essence, contemporary fatherhood ideals are in many respects similar to what maternal ideals and expectations were 30 years ago but with the opposite challenge, “ says the Boston College study.“Fathers struggling to balance career aspirations with a focus on parenting may encounter paternal walls no
17、t unlike the maternal walls working mothers have faced.“ That study was drawn from a survey of 963 mostly college educated men, most of whom made more than $ 75, 000 a year, with an average of two kids. As such, of course, it presents a highly skewed(片面的 )view of modern fatherhood. College educated
18、fathers are more able to spend time with their kids, not least because knowledge work is not always site-specific(look at all those daddy bloggers)and because they have an income that can pay for other household chores to be done by someone else. Fathers with a high school diploma or less have a tou
19、gher time getting taken seriously as an involved parent. “Working class Americans typically lack the kind of flexibility those in professional and managerial jobs take for granted, “ noted Joan Williams in her 2010 book Reshaping the Work Family Debate .She analyzed 99 arbitrations(仲裁 )in which work
20、ers had been disciplined because of actions they took like leaving in the middle of a work day because of a family need. Often the men didnt even mention why they had to go for fear of being mocked at their workplace. Those too are the men least likely to be going home to their kids every night. Tha
21、t doesnt mean theyre never in touch, but it does make it harder. One third of fathers who live apart from their kids say they communicate with their kids less than once a month, according to Pew. A full 27% of them say they havent seen their offspring in more than a year. While the shift toward more
22、 hands-on fathering is well underway Boston College found that 53% of fathers would consider not working outside the home if they could make the numbers work it has a ways to go yet. In fact.according to 2010 Census estimates, there are only 154, 000 stay at home dads in the U. S. And while the tren
23、d lines point in the direction of more equally shared parenting, its not an equally shared equality. The wealthy and well-educated and their children are reaping the benefits of more engaged fatherhood much more than those who struggle, creating a spiral of income inequality that will be harder and
24、harder to reverse. 2 What used to happen on Fathers Day? （ A） The father used to buy himself a gift. （ B） The family members didnt go home that day. （ C） The father was able to stay at home that day. （ D） The father used to receive a gift or card. 3 What kind of phenomenon does “marriage gap“ refer
25、to? （ A） A fragmented family is more expensive to maintain than an intact one. （ B） The wealthier and better educated couples tend to get richer than their counterparts. （ C） Less educated and less successful couples cant afford to maintain a marriage. （ D） The success of the marriage depends on the
26、 gap of wealth between the couples. 4 Why do kids from better-off families tend to have more time with their dads? （ A） Wealthier and better-educated fathers are more occupied with their children. （ B） Fathers from poor families are usually divorced and separated from children. （ C） Poorer and less-
27、educated fathers dont live with their children. （ D） Fathers from wealthier families dont need to worry about work. 5 A new analysis by the Pew Research Center of data from the National Survey of family Growth(NSFG)has found that black fathers are twice as likely to live away from their kids as_. （
28、A） Hispanic father （ B） fathers who dont finish high school （ C） white fathers （ D） fathers who graduated college 6 Like the marriage gap, the fathering gap arose partly due to _ （ A） the rising education and economic influence of women （ B） the growing predominance of women in the family （ C） the d
29、esire of husbands to share the joy and chores of parenting （ D） the reversing role of men and women 7 According to The New Dad, what did the majority of men report undergoing? （ A） The lack of daddy time. （ B） Coneern about work-life balance. （ C） Work and life conflict. （ D） The pressure of parenti
30、ng. 8 In the Boston College study, what do contemporary fatherhood ideals resemble? （ A） Career aspirations of fathers. （ B） Maternal ideals and expectations. （ C） Paternal walls. （ D） Maternal walls. 9 Joan Williams noted in her 2010 book that unlike Americans in professional and managerial jobs, t
31、he work time of working class Americans typically are not very_. 10 According to 2010 Census estimates, there are only 154, 000 fathers in the U.S.who_. 11 The spiraling income equality between the wealthy and well-educated and those who struggle seems_. Section A Directions: In this section, you wi
32、ll hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choi
33、ces marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Most neighbors are as noisy as the womans. （ B） Hed like to know why the woman is angry. （ C） The woman is too polite to her neighbors. （ D） The woman should talk to her neighbors politely. （ A） Her brother was not accepted into law
34、 school. （ B） She doesnt want to be a criminal lawyer. （ C） She has decided not to go to law school. （ D） She doesnt plan to work in her brothers law firm. （ A） She prefers to exercise in the morning. （ B） Its important to warm up before exercising. （ C） The man should start running every day. （ D）
35、The man should continue his exercise program. （ A） He needs the woman to drive him somewhere. （ B） He wants to sell the car to the woman. （ C） He has to bring the car in for repairs. （ D） He is satisfied with the car. （ A） He never knows what time it is. （ B） He spends too much time reading the pape
36、r. （ C） He has more free time than anyone. （ D） He always knows how to spend his free time. （ A） The trees make the campus beautiful. （ B） She doesnt need the air conditioner anymore. （ C） The trees help to regulate the climate. （ D） She would like the air conditioner on. （ A） He will go all the way
37、 to see Steve. （ B） He is not sure if he can find a room for Steve. （ C） He is afraid the weather will not be clear. （ D） He is not sure if the car has enough space for Steve. （ A） He agreed that the speaker was fascinating. （ B） He thought that the speaker was enthusiastic. （ C） He thought that the
38、 speaker was very boring. （ D） He thought that the speaker was wonderful. （ A） The mans health problems. （ B） The mans problems with his workaholic boss. （ C） The womans relationship with her manager. （ D） Problems the man has with his workloads. （ A） Whether to accept his bosss job offer. （ B） Whet
39、her to apply to transfer to another place. （ C） Whether to find a new job. （ D） Whether to ask for an extension. （ A） She would like to work for the man. （ B） She wants the man to work less than before. （ C） She wants the man to talk to his boss. （ D） She likes to work in New York. （ A） He is an edi
40、tor of a magazine. （ B） He helps solve business problems. （ C） He advertises for other people. （ D） He reminds people of their problems. （ A） She does not have a permanent job. （ B） She does not know the importance of advertising. （ C） She lacks money to advertise for her company. （ D） She does not
41、know how to advertise on this magazine. （ A） It is too expensive for her company. （ B） It is a good way to find new customers in Germany. （ C） It is possible for them to expand by using the Internet. （ D） The response is not good according to her friends. （ A） To look for specialist translators on t
42、he Internet. （ B） To offer more services to their present customers. （ C） To try to employ more people for her company. （ D） To advertise her company on TV. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passa
43、ge and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） It can not be found and fixed. （ B） Its a virus that hides in your computer. （ C） It secretly steals your information. （ D） lt can destroy your c
44、redit card. （ A） When you write an e-mail. （ B） When you visit a shopping website. （ C） When you download music from a disc. （ D） When you install a free software. （ A） It prevents you from connecting to the Internet. （ B） It enables the disturbing advertisements to appear. （ C） It can be very dange
45、rous to your computer. （ D） It makes your computer much slower than before. （ A） An Ethiopian story-teller. （ B） An African shepherd. （ C） An Arabia merchant. （ D） A Turkey coffee shop. （ A） It helps to set up stores worldwide. （ B） It can reduce the extra fat. （ C） It makes people feel energetic. （
46、 D） It may fix the defects of mind. （ A） It helps you think better. （ B） It can pull you out of stress. （ C） It may contribute to your sleep. （ D） It might cause heart disease. （ A） From Bristol Channel to the Wash. （ B） The low land and hills. （ C） The Pennines. （ D） The dramatic coastline. （ A） Th
47、e wet weather enables the grass to grow well. （ B） It is famous for its farmland and various crops. （ C） It is known for keeping sheep and cows. （ D） The sunny and dry weather benefits the stock raising. （ A） The north part of England. （ B） South West of England. （ C） South East of England. （ D） Wal
48、es and Scotland. （ A） Ponies and fruits. （ B） Mountains and valleys. （ C） Moors and mountains. （ D） Grecn grass and mists. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When t
49、he passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 Culture shock is a term that describes a travellers feelings of confusion when the environment and culture change. The new【 B1】 _, foreign language and strange habits o
