1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 200及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Dining Out in a Fast Food Restaurant following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. 1快餐行业目前的形势。 2快餐在中国流行的原因。 3快餐行业在
2、中国的前景。 Section A （ A） 15 schools have started social studies. （ B） 15 schools have used digital textbooks. （ C） Students are ready to use electronic resources. （ D） Digital textbooks are used for social studies. （ A） $1 million. （ B） $2 million. （ C） $3 million. （ D） $4 million. （ A） To reduce the n
3、umber of pilots on duty. （ B） To prevent pilots from working overtime. （ C） To ensure an adequate amount of sleep. （ D） To fix the amount of work for each pilot. （ A） They had only covered cargo plane pilots. （ B） They had failed to cover all the pilots. （ C） They would be put into effect in two yea
4、rs. （ D） They would be too costly if carried out. （ A） Slapping their children in the face or head. （ B） Spanking. （ C） Beating their children with a closed fist. （ D） Threatening to lock their children outside. （ A） India. （ B） The Philippines. （ C） Egypt. （ D） Not mentioned. （ A） To reveal cultura
5、l differences and similarities. （ B） To expose cases of child abuse and punishment. （ C） To analyze child behavior across countries. （ D） To investigate ways of physical punishment. Section B （ A） At home. （ B） In the office. （ C） In a computer store. （ D） In a bar. （ A） Chicago. （ B） Hong Kong. （ C
6、） San Francisco. （ D） Illinois. （ A） Stay at home. （ B） Attend a computer course. （ C） Celebrate his mother s birthday. （ D） Go to San Francisco. （ A） World Wide Web is the Internet. （ B） The first thing the man did when he got up was to turn on the computer. （ C） Today is the birthday of the mans m
7、other. （ D） The woman is not good at computer. （ A） How to deal with the aggravating people. （ B） How to deal with bosses. （ C） How to manage the subordinates. （ D） How to change yourself. （ A） In the office. （ B） At home. （ C） In a library. （ D） In a book store. （ A） It is easier to change others t
8、han change yourself. （ B） What is a most common annoying type of boss like. （ C） How to keep a relationship with your co-workers. （ D） Stop complain and do something. （ A） She is interested in this book. （ B） She is the author of this book. （ C） She is an expert in this field. （ D） She is a great bo
9、ss. Section C （ A） They give out faint cries. （ B） They make noises to drive away insects. （ C） They extend their water pipes. （ D） They become elastic like rubber bands. （ A） Quiet plants. （ B） Well-watered plants. （ C） Healthy plants. （ D） Thirsty plants. （ A） They could drive the insects away. （
10、B） They could keep the plants well-watered. （ C） They could make the plants grow fester. （ D） They could build devices to trap insects. （ A） Teachers and peers at school. （ B） Adults and friends around them. （ C） Parents and grandparents at home. （ D） Adults and peers who are important to the child.
11、 （ A） His physical appearance. （ B） His intelligence in study. （ C） His performance at school. （ D） His perceptions of others attitude toward him. （ A） Families and communities. （ B） Ethnic and cultural groups. （ C） Stereotype, prejudice and discrimination. （ D） All of the above. （ A） Teachers there
12、 do more work for less pay than public schools. （ B） Students may evaluate their teachers. （ C） Tuition is free. （ D） Schools offer practical training. （ A） No more than 8 months. （ B） About 6 to 12 months. （ C） More than one year. （ D） 4 years. （ A） Physics. （ B） Painting and crafts. （ C） Business
13、and technical skills. （ D） Speech. （ A） Teachers come from all over the world. （ B） Getting a good job is the primary aim of education. （ C） New ideas are seldom adopted in teaching. （ D） Theoretical rather than applied knowledge is emphasized. Section A 26 Every human being has a unique arrangement
14、 of the skin on his fingers and this arrangement is unchangeable. Scientists and experts have proved the【 C1】 _of finger-prints and discovered that no【 C2】 _similar pattern is passed on from parents to children,though nobody knows why this is the case. The ridge【 C3】 _on a person s fingers does not
15、change with growth and is not affected by surface injuries. Burns, cuts and other damage to the outer part of the skin will be replaced in time by new one which bears a reproduction of the【 C4】_pattern. It is only when the inner skin is injured that the arrangement will be【 C5】 _. Some criminals mak
16、e use of this fact to【 C6】 _their own finger-prints but this is a dangerous and rare step to【 C7】 _. Finger-prints can be made very easily with printers ink. They can be recorded easily. With special methods,【 C8】 _can be achieved successfully within a short time. Because of the simplicity and econo
17、my of this system, finger-prints have often been used as a method of solving criminal case. A【 C9】 _man may deny a charge but this may be in vain. His finger-prints can prove who he is even if his【 C10】 _has been changed by age or accident. A)take B)uniqueness C)harmed D)identification E)structure F
18、)naturally G)exactly H)position I)appearance J)original K)destroyed L)diminish M)doubtful N)remove O)suspected 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Beauty and Body Image in the Media A)Images of female bodies are everywhere. Women an
19、d their body parts sell everything from food to cars. Popular film and television actresses are becoming younger, taller and thinner. Some have even been known to faint on the set from lack of food. Women s magazines are full of articles urging that if they can just lose those last twenty pounds, th
20、eyll have it all the perfect marriage, loving children, great sex, and a rewarding career. B)Why are standards of beauty being imposed on women, the majority of whom are naturally larger and more mature than any of the models? The roots, some analysts say, are economic. By presenting an ideal diffic
21、ult to achieve and maintain, the cosmetic and diet product industries are assured of growth and profits. And it s no accident that youth is increasingly promoted, along with thinness, as an essential criterion of beauty. If not all women need to lose weight, for sure theyre all aging, says the Quebe
22、c Action Network for Womens Health in its 2001 report. And, according to the industry, age is a disaster that needs to be dealt with. C)The stakes are huge. On the one hand, women who are insecure about their bodies are more likely to buy beauty products, new clothes, and diet aids. It is estimated
23、that the diet industry alone is worth anywhere between 40 to 100 billion(U.S.)a year selling temporary weight loss(90% to 95% of dieters regain the lost weight). On the other hand, research indicates that exposure to images of thin, young, air-brushed female bodies is linked to depression, loss of s
24、elf-esteem and the development of unhealthy eating habits in women and girls. D)The American research group Anorexia Nervosa & Related Eating Disorders, Inc. says that one out of every four college-aged women uses unhealthy methods of weight control including fasting, skipping meals, excessive exerc
25、ise, laxative(泻药 )abuse, and self-induced vomiting. The pressure to be thin is also affecting young girls: the Canadian Women s Health Network warns that weight control measures are now being taken by girls as young as 5 and 6. American statistics are similar. Several studies, such as one conducted
26、by Marika Tiggemann and Levina Clark in 2006 titled “Appearance Culture in 9-to-12-Year-Old Girls: Media and Peer Influences on Body Dissatisfaction,“ indicate that nearly half of all preadolescent girls wish to be thinner, and as a result have engaged in a diet or are aware of the concept of dietin
27、g. In 2003, Teen magazine reported that 35 percent of girls 6 to 12 years old have been on at least one diet, and that 50 to 70 percent of normal weight girls believe they are overweight. Overall research indicates that 90% of women are dissatisfied with their appearance in some way. Media activist
28、Jean Kilbourne concludes that, “Women are sold to the diet industry by the magazines we read and the television programs we watch, almost all of which make us feel anxious about our weight.“ E)Perhaps the most disturbing is the fact that media images of female beauty are unattainable for all but a v
29、ery small number of women. Researchers generating a computer model of a woman with Barbie-doll proportions, for example, found that her back would be too weak to support the weight of her upper body, and her body would be too narrow to contain more than half a liver and a few centimeters of bowel. A
30、 real woman built that way would suffer from chronic diarrhea(慢性腹泻 )and eventually die from malnutrition. Jill Barad, President of Mattel(which manufactures Barbie), estimated that 99% of girls aged 3 to 10 years old own at least one Barbie doll. Still, the number of real life women and girls who se
31、ek a similarly underweight body is epidemic, and they can suffer equally devastating health consequences. In 2006 it was estimated that up to 450,000 Canadian women were affected by an eating disorder. F)Researchers report that womens magazines have ten and one-half times more ads and articles promo
32、ting weight loss than mens magazines do, and over three-quarters of the covers of womens magazines include at least one message about how to change a womans bodily appearance by diet, exercise or cosmetic surgery. Television and movies reinforce the importance of a thin body as a measure of a woman
33、s worth. Canadian researcher Gregory Fouts reports that over three-quarters of the female characters in TV situation comedies are underweight, and only one in twenty are above average in size. Heavier actresses tend to receive negative comments from male characters about their bodies(“How about wear
34、ing a sack?), and 80 percent of these negative comments are followed by canned audience laughter. G)There have been efforts in the magazine industry to buck(抵制，反抗 )the trend. For several years the Quebec magazine Coup de Pouce has consistently included full-sized women in their fashion pages and Cha
35、telaine has pledged not to touch up photos and not to include models less than 25 years of age. In Madrid, one of the worlds biggest fashion capitals, ultra-thin models were banned from the runway in 2006. Furthermore Spain has recently undergone a project with the aim to standardize clothing sizes
36、through using a unique process in which a laser beam is used to measure real life women s bodies in order to find the most true to life measurement. H)Another issue is the representation of ethnically diverse women in the media. A 2008 study conducted by Juanita Covert and Travis Dixon titled “A Cha
37、nging View: Representation and Effects of the Portrayal of Women of Color in Mainstream Womens Magazines“ found that although there was an increase in the representation of women of color, overall white women were over-represented in mainstream women s magazines from 1999 to 2004. I)The barrage of m
38、essages about thinness, dieting and beauty tells “ordinary“ women that they are always in need of adjustment and that the female body is an object to be perfected. Jean Kil-bourne argues that the overwhelming presence of media images of painfully thin women means that real womens bodies have become
39、invisible in the mass media. The real tragedy, Kilbourne concludes, is that many women internalize these stereotypes, and judge themselves by the beauty industrys standards. Women learn to compare themselves to other women, and to compete with them for male attention. This focus on beauty and desira
40、bility “effectively destroys any awareness and action that might help to change that climate.“ 37 The mass media has helped the development of cosmetic and diet industries. 38 Some film and television actresses even faint on the scene due to eating too little. 39 Unhealthy eating habits in females a
41、re related to their being exposed to images of thin and young female bodies. 40 A real woman with Barbie-doll proportions would eventually die from malnutrition. 41 In 2003, Teen magazine reported that 35 percent of girls 6 to 12 years old are on a diet, and more than 50% of them think they should l
42、ose weight. 42 Too much concern with appearance makes it difficult to change such abnormal trend. 43 According to some analysts, economic profits is the fundamental reason of imposing standards of beauty on women. 44 The Quebec magazine Coup de Pouce opposes the trend by including full-sized women i
43、n their fashion pages for several years. 45 At least one message about the methods of changing bodily appearance on more than three-quarters of the covers of womens magazines. 46 For 6 years white women had been taking more space in mainstream women s magazines. Section C 46 So long as teachers fail
44、 to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that “re
45、ading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible.“ Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise t
46、he most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also a public activity: It can be seen and observed. Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, a
47、nd that process is not open to public scrutiny. If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest(探索 )for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means ma
48、king reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.“ When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is mad
49、e easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading. 47 The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that_. （ A） it is one of the most difficult school courses （ B） students spend endless hours in reading （ C） reading tasks are assigned with little guidance （ D） too much time is spent in teaching reading 48 The teaching of reading will be successful if_. （ A） teachers can i
