1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 211及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following topic. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. University students are busy with preparing for exams to get all kinds of certificates f
2、or English proficiency, computer skills, accounting, etc. They believe they have more chances of getting a good job with their certificates. However, some people argue that certificates do not necessarily indicate more abilities and better jobs. What is your opinion? Section A （ A） Islamist militant
3、s are still in control of the town. （ B） French forces have entered the town. （ C） French are going to land at the airport. （ D） Islamist militants are attacking the airport. （ A） To control Kidal airport. （ B） To protect the town. （ C） To protect the capital Bamako. （ D） To fight against Islamist m
4、ilitants. （ A） A client. （ B） A bank manager. （ C） The police. （ D） Bank headquarters. （ A） A month before the crime was discovered. （ B） A day before the crime was discovered. （ C） A day after the police started investigation. （ D） A month after he transferred the money. （ A） They went to a remote
5、area. （ B） Their fishing boats clashed. （ C） They tried to repair their boats. （ D） They decided to stay in the boats. （ A） On supplies they brought with them. （ B） On supplies sent to them by rescue teams. （ C） On supplies left at the military base. （ D） Not mentioned in the passage. （ A） By helico
6、pter. （ B） By boat. （ C） By radio contact. （ D） By a search team. Section B （ A） Bacon. （ B） Mushrooms. （ C） Italian sausage. （ D） Onions. （ A） Pineapple and mushrooms on one half and green peppers and Italian sausage on the other. （ B） Pineapple and green peppers on one half and mushrooms and Itali
7、an sausage on the other. （ C） Pineapple and mushrooms on one half and red peppers and Italian sausage on the other. （ D） Pineapple and red peppers on one half and mushrooms and Italian sausage on the other. （ A） The total of his order is $17.90. （ B） The phone number is 340-1870. （ C） The address is
8、 1340 North 16 East. （ D） The customer wants a half-and-half pizza. （ A） Three orders of bread sticks for free. （ B） A three-dollar deduction on the next pizza you order. （ C） A three-dollar coupon for use this time you order a large pizza. （ D） A free order of steak. （ A） Once a week. （ B） Three ev
9、ery month. （ C） Five every month. （ D） Two every month. （ A） Five to fifteen pounds. （ B） Three to fifteen pounds. （ C） Five pounds. （ D） Five to fifty pounds. （ A） When there are more than twelve people. （ B） When there are five people. （ C） When there are fifteen people. （ D） When there are more t
10、han fifteen people. （ A） Call the office. （ B） Sign the name on the notice board in advance. （ C） Pay the money. （ D） There is no need to reserve a place. Section C （ A） Vanilla. （ B） Chocolate or syrup. （ C） Food. （ D） Nuts, fruit and whipped cream. （ A） Nobody knows. （ B） One Sunday in the 1890s.
11、（ C） In the 1890s. （ D） In the 1980s. （ A） Sunday. （ B） The name of the customer. （ C） The name of the owner. （ D） The name of the ice-cream parlor. （ A） Americans art music. （ B） Americans street music. （ C） American s black music. （ D） Americans classic music. （ A） Harmony and melody are from Afri
12、ca and rhythm from Europe. （ B） Harmony and melody are from Europe and rhythm from Africa. （ C） Harmony and rhythm are from Africa and melody from Europe. （ D） Melody and rhythm are from Europe and harmony from Africa. （ A） The player invents the music in advance. （ B） The player makes up the music
13、while playing. （ C） A good jazz player plays the same music twice. （ D） Its like hearing a piece of music that was written long ago. （ A） The role of Florida in the American Revolution. （ B） The discovery of Florida by Ponce de Leon in 1513. （ C） The history of the cultivation of oranges in Florida.
14、 （ D） The popularity of Florida oranges in London in the 1770 s. （ A） London. （ B） St. Augustine. （ C） The Antilles. （ D） New York. （ A） Jesse Fish. （ B） Ponce de Leon. （ C） Columbus. （ D） British sailors. （ A） Because oranges tended to dry out during shipping. （ B） Because Florida oranges were very
15、 small. （ C） Because there was no great demand for oranges in Europe. （ D） Because oranges were plentiful in their home country. Section A 26 As food is to the body, so is learning to the mind. Our bodies grow and muscles develop with the【 C1】 _of adequate nutritious food. Likewise, we should keep l
16、earning day by day to maintain our keen mental power and expand our【 C2】_capacity. Constant learning【 C3】 _us with inexhaustible fuel for driving us to sharpen our power of reasoning, analysis, and judgment. Learning incessantly is the surest way to keep【 C4】 _with the times in the information age,
17、and an infallible【 C5】 _of success in times of uncertainty. Once learning stops, vegetation sets in. It is a common fallacy to regard school as the only workshop for the【 C6】 _of knowledge. On the contrary, learning should be a never-ending process, from the cradle to the【 C7】 _. With the world ever
18、 changing so fast, the cease from learning for just a few days will make a person lag behind. Whats worse, the animalistic instinct dormant deep in our subconsciousness will come to life, weakening our will to【 C8】 _our noble ideal, sapping our determination to sweep away【 C9】 _to our success and st
19、rangling our desire for the refinement of our character. Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the stagnation of the mind, or even worse, its fossilization. Therefore, to stay mentally young, we have to take learning as a【 C10】 _career. A)grave B)supplies C)pursue D)pace E)acquisition F)difficult
20、 G)intake H)warrant I)decoration J)intellectual K)learn L)determination M)mental N)lifelong O)obstacles 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Animals on the Move A)It looked like a scene from “Jaws“ but without the dramatic music. A h
21、uge shark was lowly swimming through the water, its tail swinging back and forth like the pendulum of a clock. B)Suddenly sensitive nerve ending in the sharks skin picked up vibrations of a struggling fish. The shark was immediately transformed into a deadly, efficient machine of death. With muscles
22、 taut, the shark knifed through the water at a rapid speed. In a flash the shark caught its victim, a large fish, in its powerful jaws. Then, jerking its head back and forth, the shark tore huge chunks of flesh from its victim and swallowed them. Soon the action was over. Moving to Survive C)In purs
23、uing its prey, the shark demonstrated in a dramatic way the important role of movement, or locomotion, in animals. D)Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore new territories. The methods of locomotion include crawlin
24、g, hopping, slithering, flying, swimming, or walking. E)Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon. However, for other animals
25、 movement came about naturally through millions of years of evolution. One of the most successful examples of animal locomotion is that of the shark. Its ability to quickly zero in on its prey has always impressed scientists. But it took a detailed study by Duke University marine biologists S. A. Wa
26、inwright, F. Vosburgh, and J. H. Hebrank to find out how the sharks did it. In their study the scientists observed sharks swimming in a tank at Marine land in Saint Augustine, Fla. Movies were taken of the sharks movements and analyzed. Studies were also made of shark skin and muscle. Skin Is the Ke
27、y F)The biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animals high efficiency in swimming through the water. The skin contains many fibers that crisscross like the inside of a belted radial tire. The fibers are called collagen fibers. These fibers can either store or release lar
28、ge amounts of energy depending on whether the fibers are relaxed or taut. When the fibers are stretched, energy is stored in them the way energy is stored in the string of a bow when pulled tight. When the energy is released, the fibers become relaxed. G)The Duke University biologists have found tha
29、t the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming. During the bodys back and forth motion, fibers along the outside part of the bending body stretch greatly. Much potential energy is stored in the fibers. This energy is released when the shark s body snaps back the other
30、 way. H)As energy is alternately stored and released on both sides of the animals body, the tail whips strongly back and forth. This whip-like action propels the animal through the water like a living bullet. Source of Energy I)What causes the fibers to store so much energy? In finding the answer th
31、e Duke University scientists learned that the sharks similarity to a belted radial tire doesnt stop with the skin. Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the sharks collagen “radials“. Instead of air pressure, however, the pressure in the shark may be due to t
32、he force of the blood pressing on the collagen fibers. J)When the shark swims slowly, the pressure on the fibers is relatively low. The fibers are more relaxed, and the shark is able to bend its body at sharp angles. The animal swims this way when looking around for food or just swimming. However, w
33、hen the shark detects an important food source, some fantastic involuntary changes take place. K)The pressure inside the animal may increase by 10 times. This pressure change greatly stretches the fibers, enabling much energy to be stored. L)This energy is then transferred to the tail, and the shark
34、 is off. The rest of the story is predictable. Dolphin Has Speed Record M)Another fastmarine animal is the dolphin. This seagoing mammal has been clocked at speeds of 32 kilometers(20 miles)an hour. Biologists studying the dolphin have discovered that, like the shark, the animal s efficient locomoti
35、on can be traced to its skin. A dolphin s skin is made up in such a way that it offers very little resistance to the water flowing over it. Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminar flow. However,
36、 at faster speeds the water becomes more turbulent along the moving fish. This turbulence muses friction and slows the fish down. N)In a dolphin the skin is so flexible that it bends and yields to the waviness of the water. O)The waves, in effect, become tucked into the skins folds. This allows the
37、rest of the water to move smoothly by in a laminar flow. Where other animals would be slowed by turbulent water at rapid speeds, the dolphin can race through the water at record breaking speeds. Other Animals Less Efficient P)Not all animals move as efficiently as sharks and dolphins. Perhaps the gr
38、eatest loser in locomotion efficiency is the slug. The slug(鼻涕虫 ), which looks like a snail without a shell, lays down a slimy(黏滑的 )trail over which it crawls. It uses so much energy producing the slimy mucus(黏液 )and crawling over it that a mouse traveling the same distance uses only one twelfth as
39、much energy. Q)Scientists say that because of the slugs inefficient use of energy, its lifestyle must be restricted. That is, the animals are forced to confine themselves to small areas for obtaining food and finding proper living conditions. Have humans ever been faced with this kind of problem? 37
40、 Most animals like sharks, use locomotion to escape enemies and find a mate. 38 When the shark swims slowly, the fibers are relaxed and pressure of them is low. 39 Slugs inefficient use of energy confines them to small areas. 40 During the bodys back and forth motion, much potential energy will be s
41、tored in the fibers. 41 The high efficiency in swimming of sharks largely dues to its skin. 42 Different kinds of inventions make human move around in nearly any kind of environment. 43 The tail whips, because the energy on each side of the body is different. 44 Ten times increase of pressure stretc
42、hes fibers, and much energy will be stored in the process. 45 A dolphin s skin has very little resistance to flowing water. 46 Other animals would be slowed by turbulent water, while dolphin can race through at a high speed. Section C 46 One of the world s first videogames, Tetris(俄罗斯方块 ), has turne
43、d thirty years old, and its brand is anything but old school. But what s kept people swiping and clicking to ensure each row of blocks stays aligned and disappears into the virtual world since its development in 1984 Soviet Russia? A combination of new platforms and an attracting psychological appea
44、l. Maya Rogers, the CEO of Blue Planet Software, the sole agent of the Tetris brand, said the protection of the game s core over the last three decades has aided its longevity. As mobile and social become two of the largest sources for gaming these days, Tetris isnt showing any signs of losing its a
45、ppeal. Currently appearing on over 50 different gaming platforms, from the 1983 Nintendo Entertainment System(NES)to smartphones, Tetris is sold on over 425 million mobile devices. More than 20 billion games of Tetris Battle have been played on Facebook, too. Theres something psychologically entranc
46、ing about the game, thats kept people hooked through the years. “Play a game of Tetris,“ said Rogers, “and satisfy your craving to create order out of chaos.“ Plus, theres the added quality of playing Tetris and never feeling wholly fulfilled. “Theres no correct move that you can make,“ said Neubaue
47、r, a loyal player of the game who work as a senior analyst at Saibus Research, an independent research and advisory firm, “The quest for the perfect move never ends.“ Tom Stafford, a professor of cognitive development and psychology at Sheffield University in the U.K., says that Tetris has been arou
48、nd so long because it transports gamers into a different realm when they play. “Its a world of perpetually generating uncompleted tasks,“ he said. As hes said in the past, too, “Tetris is the granddaddy of puzzle games like Candy Crush saga the things that keep us puzzling away for hours, days and w
49、eeks.“ “Tetris is pure game: there is no benefit to it, nothing to learn, no social or physical consequence,“ he added. “It is almost completely pointless, but keeps us coming back for more.“ 47 Since it was developed, Tetris has been_. （ A） applied for almost 33 years （ B） no longer attracting and popular （ C） built a solid footing in the mini-game market （ D） updated into more intricate model 48 Which of the following does NOT belong to Tetris platforms? （ A） Mobile or personal computer.
