1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 238及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Education Fever based on the statistics provided in the chart below (Family Spending on Education in China). Please give a brief description of the chart first and the
2、n make comments on it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Section A （ A） To build a new lighthouse. （ B） To fix the existing lighthouse. （ C） To purchase a moveable lighthouse. （ D） To pay for Mr. Gold. （ A） It has built a steel wall against sea erosion. （ B） It has been
3、 repairing the lighthouse for years. （ C） It has been strengthening the sea defences for two years. （ D） It has been doing weather forecast for the lighthouse for two years. （ A） The child refugees may be sold by traders. （ B） The children from Syria may become refugees. （ C） Two many child refugees
4、 may cause disorder. （ D） The relation between the UK and Syria may be affected. （ A） African countries. （ B） Asia countries. （ C） Middle East countries. （ D） South American countries. （ A） Lack of oil storage space. （ B） Regional collapse in oil price. （ C） Excessive oil demand of the US. （ D） Deci
5、sion on cut in oil production. （ A） The United States. （ B） The European countries. （ C） Many a country. （ D） Saudi Arabia （ A） Stored oil should be sold soon to support its price. （ B） No restraint in purchase led to its lower price. （ C） Oil could be stored in tankers to support its price. （ D） Oi
6、l production should be cut down to lower its price. Section B （ A） With computer skill. （ B） With job experience. （ C） With a major in English. （ D） With multiple skills. （ A） She felt discouraged. （ B） She was given an interview. （ C） She has found a job. （ D） She wasnt good at English. （ A） He spe
7、aks good English and has interest in business. （ B） He has worked in an import-export company for years. （ C） Some of his classmates have found jobs in that area. （ D） He is familiar with the software Word Perfect. （ A） He will call on the general manager. （ B） His classmates will do him a favor. （
8、C） The womans friend will help him. （ D） He will find it all by himself. （ A） She was doing housework. （ B） She was reading Jane Eyre. （ C） She was absorbed in a movie. （ D） She was talking with her sisters. （ A） Emily. （ B） Charlotte. （ C） Anne. （ D） Jane. （ A） He might have been spoiled. （ B） He w
9、asnt promoted. （ C） He didnt have his own picture. （ D） He was looked down upon. （ A） Their settings were in the 19th century. （ B） They were stories about inequality. （ C） They settled historical problems. （ D） They were published in pen names. Section C （ A） Markets where birds like parrots are so
10、ld. （ B） Zoos where there are no experts to manage the birds. （ C） Owners who cannot handle their pets. （ D） Forests where birds get wounded. （ A） He likes changes in life. （ B） He wants the birds to enjoy more music. （ C） He tries to prevent the parrots imitating the tone. （ D） He is not sure which
11、 tone is the best. （ A） Restricting the number of visitors. （ B） Raising money for his expanding operation. （ C） Accumulating wealth for himself. （ D） Raising money to support his study. （ A） The Washington Federation of Teachers. （ B） The National Labor Union. （ C） The American Federation of Teache
12、rs. （ D） The Washington Labor Union. （ A） The influence from Asian countries. （ B） The growing competition from foreign students. （ C） The growing competition for entrance into top universities. （ D） The teachers need of extra income from the tutoring. （ A） The Federal government. （ B） Students pare
13、nts. （ C） The school administrators. （ D） The Teachers Association. （ A） The changing of weather. （ B） The health of teenagers. （ C） Energy drinks and their nutrition. （ D） The danger of energy drinks. （ A） Protein. （ B） Calcium. （ C） Zinc. （ D） Vitamin. （ A） Students and housewives. （ B） Athletes a
14、nd trainers. （ C） Young people and busy people. （ D） Singers and teachers. （ A） Cautious. （ B） Supportive. （ C） Opposed. （ D） Relieved. Section A 26 The United States predominance in science and technology is fading, a report released this month by the National Science Board warns. The report underl
15、ines what a powerhouse the United States【 C1】 _in knowledge- and technology-intensive industries, including high-tech manufacturing, energy and drug industry. All in all, those industries【 C2】 _for about 40 percent of American economic output, more than in any other developed country, it finds. But
16、with the rise of increasingly【 C3】 _emerging economies, the report suggests, underinvestment in research and development might translate into a less【 C4】 _, less productive American economy in the future. The world is【 C5】 _a “dramatic shift in the global scientific: landscape,“ said Dan E. Arvizu,
17、chairman of the National Science Board. “Emerging economies understand the【 C6】_science and innovation play in the global marketplace and in economic competitiveness and have increasingly placed a【 C7】 _on building their capacity in science and technology,“ he said. The Asian economies now perform a
18、 larger【 C8】 _of global research and development than the United States does. China carries out about as much high-tech manufacturing as the United States does, the report found. But the report also highlights some important market sectors where the United States appears to be falling behind. More【
19、C9】 _, the report finds that the United States might be【 C10】 _in the research and development spending that scientists say is the most important fuel for future innovation. Moreover, many countries spend larger and faster-growing proportions of their economic output on research. A) account E) direc
20、tly I) limited M) share B) competitive F) dominant J) priority N) undergoing C) concern G) effect K) remains O) worryingly D) decays H) lagging L) role 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Are Bad Economic Times Good for Health? A Mo
21、st people are worried about the health of the economy. But does the economy also affect your health? It does, but not always in ways you might expect. The data on how an economic downturn influences an individuals health are surprisingly mixed. Its clear that long-term economic gains lead to improve
22、ments in a populations overall health, in developing and industrialized societies alike. B But whether the current economic downturn will take a toll on your own health depends, in part, on your health habits when times are good. And economic studies suggest that people tend not to take care of them
23、selves in boom timesdrinking too much (especially before driving), dining on fat-filled restaurant meals and skipping exercise and doctors appointments because of work-related time commitments. C “The value of time is higher during good economic times,“ said Grant Miller, an assistant professor of m
24、edicine at Stanford. “So people work more and do less of the things that are good for them, like cooking at home and exercising: and people experience more stress due to the severity of hard work during booms.“ D Similar patterns have been seen in some developing nations. Dr. Miller, who is studying
25、 the effects of fluctuating coffee prices on health in Colombia, says that even though falling prices are bad for the economy, they appear to improve health and decrease death rates. When prices are low, laborers have more time to care for their children. “When coffee prices suddenly rise, people wo
26、rk harder on their coffee plots and spend less time doing things around the home, including things that are good for their children,“ he said. “Because the things that matter most for infant and child health in rural Colombia arent expensive, but require a substantial amount of timesuch as breast-fe
27、eding, bringing clean water from far away, taking your child to a distant health clinic for free vaccinations (接种疫苗 ) infant and child death rates rise.“ E In this country, a similar effect appeared in the Dust Bowl during the Great Depression, according to a 2007 paper by Dr. Miller and colleagues
28、in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The data seem to contradict research in the 1970s suggesting that in hard times there are more deaths from heart disease, cirrhosis (肝硬化 ), suicide and murder, as well as more admissions to mental hospitals. But those findings have not been rep
29、eated, and several economists have pointed out flaws in the research. F In May 2000, the Quarterly Journal of Economics published a surprising paper called “Are Recessions Good for Your Health?“ by Christopher J. Ruhm, professor of economics at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro, based on
30、an analysis measuring death rates and health behavior against economic shifts and jobless rates from 1972 to 1991. Dr. Ruhm found that death rates declined sharply in the 1974 and 1982 recessions, and increased in the economic recovery of the 1980s. An increase of one percentage point in state unemp
31、loyment rates correlated with a 0.5 percentage point decline in the death rateor about 5 fewer deaths per 100,000 people. Over all, the death rate fell by more than 8 percent in the 20-year period of mostly economic decline, led by drops in heart disease and car crashes. G The economic downturn did
32、appear to take a toll on factors having less to do with prevention and more to do with mental well-being and access to health care. For instance, cancer deaths rose 23 percent, and deaths from flu and pneumonia increased slightly. Suicides rose 2 percent, homicides 12 percent. H The issue that may m
33、atter most in an economic crisis is not related to jobs or income, but whether the slump widens the gap between rich and poor, and whether there is an adequate health safety net available to those who have lost their jobs and insurance. During a decade of economic recession in Japan that began in th
34、e 1990s, people who were unemployed were twice as likely to be in poor health as those with secure jobs. During Perus severe economic crisis in the 1980s, infant deaths jumped 2.5 percentage pointsabout 17,000 more children who died as public health spending and social programs collapsed. I In Augus
35、t, researchers from the Free University of Amsterdam looked at health studies of twins in Denmark. They found that individuals bom in a recession were at higher risk for heart problems later in life and lived, on average, 15 months less than those born under better conditions. Gerard J. van den Berg
36、, an economics professor who was a co-author of the study, said babies in poor households suffered the most in a recession, because their families lacked access to good health care. Poor economic conditions can also cause stress that may interfere with parent bonding and childhood development, he sa
37、id. He noted that other studies had found that recessions can benefit babies by giving their parents more time at home. J “This scenario (情况 ) may be relevant for well-to-do families where one of the parents loses a job and the other still brings in enough money,“ he said. “But in a crisis where the
38、 family may have to face huge housing-cost losses and the household income is insufficient for adequate nutrition and health care, the disadvantageous effects of being born in a recession seem much more relevant.“ K In the USA, there are already signs of the economys effect on health. In May, the ma
39、rket research firm Information Resources reported that 53 percent of consumers said they were cooking more than they did just six months beforein part, no doubt, because of the rising cost of prepared foods. At the same time, health insurance costs are rising. With premiums and co-payments, the aver
40、age employee with insurance pays nearly one-third of medical costsabout twice as much as four years ago, according to Paul H. Keckley, executive director of the Deloitte Center for Health Solutions. L In the United States, which unlike other industrialized nations lacks a national health plan, the l
41、ooming recession may take a greater toll. About 46 million Americans lack health insurance, Dr. Keckley says, and even among the 179 million who have it, an estimated 1 in 7 would be bankrupted by a single health crisis. The economic downturn “is not good news for the health care industry,“ he said.
42、 “There may be something positive, but I think this needs pondering.“ 37 Gerard J. van den Berg noted that recessions can benefit babies born in well-to-do families. 38 For the family whose income is not sufficient for adequate health care, recession has negative effects on the children, rather than
43、 benefits them. 39 The rise of child and infant death rates in Colombia is usually the result of parents lack of time. 40 During the economic downturns in 1974 and 1982, death rate decreased dramatically in the US. 41 During the decade of recession in Japan, compared with those with secure jobs, the
44、 unemployed were more likely to fall ill. 42 Partly due to the rising price of prepared foods in the US, more than half of people now prefer to cook at home. 43 There is no national health plan in the United States. 44 It is shown in economic studies that, people in boom times tend to exercise less.
45、 45 Long-term economic prosperity is helpful for a populations overall health in developing countries. 46 In August researchers found that those who were born during a recession were more likely to develop heart problems than those who were born under better conditions. Section C 46 If you ask 20 ra
46、ndom graduates to explain why they went to business school, a large majority will list networking as one of the top reasons. Makes sense, too, since the connections one makes in business school can be useful down the road in finding jobs and excelling at them. Which is why its all the more curious t
47、hat if you comb through the course curriculum of 20 random business schools, youd be hard-pressed to turn up more than a handful that actually teach their students how to network. An article by David Kahn, chief revenue officer at the Wall Street Journal Office Network, complained the fact that most
48、 businesses do a poor job teaching their employees how to network, especially those workers who are not directly connected to obvious revenue-generation functions. By any name“networking“, “relationship capital“, “social capital“the sum and substance of ones connections and networks has value far be
49、yond job searches. They are essential to all sorts of organizational prioritiesnot only sales, but also recruiting, lobbying and various types of “sourcing“, from partnerships to acquisition targets to industry experts. A few business schools take networking seriouslymost notably the University of Michigans Stephen M. Ross School, where a growing number of academic professors have started to research social networks from a variety of angles. But most business schools and prett
