1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 249及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Stopping or Going-on. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and give your comments. You should write at least 120 words but no more than
2、180 words. Section A （ A） Because livestock production is highly efficient. （ B） Because more people will become wealthier. （ C） Because it may help double food production. （ D） Because it has fewer ecological risks. （ A） Balance between human survival and ecology. （ B） Conflict between less land an
3、d more production. （ C） Difference between present and future needs. （ D） Calls by environmental critics to consume less meat. （ A） A 17-year-old girl. （ B） A 15-year-old boy. （ C） A 23-year-old woman. （ D） An 18-year-old man. （ A） One month later. （ B） Two months later. （ C） Immediately. （ D） Two w
4、eeks later. （ A） Business leadership. （ B） Global business community. （ C） Economic prospects in China. （ D） Business opportunities. （ A） over 250. （ B） 76. （ C） 500. （ D） 800. （ A） 10 years ago. （ B） 3 years ago. （ C） In 1999. （ D） In 2001. Section B （ A） The quality of goods and services has impro
5、ved. （ B） Most people are reducing their consumption. （ C） Complaint channels are too limited. （ D） Many people don t bother to complain. （ A） Electrical appliances. （ B） Travel agencies. （ C） Photographic and sound equipment. （ D） Clothing. （ A） They account for the largest proportion. （ B） 90 perc
6、ent of them are reasonable. （ C） Most of them are for delayed air tickets. （ D） Few of them are for poor accommodation. （ A） Two weeks. （ B） Less than two weeks. （ C） Two to three weeks. （ D） More than three weeks. （ A） It is a house full of cleverly-designed device. （ B） It can help people live a m
7、uch easier life. （ C） It is the most comfortable house available. （ D） It expresses the newest architectural style. （ A） The door will open with just a touch of the finger. （ B） The refrigerator can figure out how much milk to buy. （ C） The robot can do all the housework very efficiently. （ D） The h
8、ouse Call put out a fire in a very short time. （ A） There will be an alarm. （ B） The house will solve problems directly. （ C） The house will do nothing. （ D） The house will take some measures automatically. （ A） It s too wonderful to be true. （ B） It s too expensive for her. （ C） She considers it no
9、thing fancy. （ D） She is considering buying one. Section C （ A） The first stomach compartment. （ B） The name of the upper jaw. （ C） The stomach where digestion takes place. （ D） The name of the bacteria in the cows stomach. （ A） Food storage. （ B） The production of milk. （ C） Digestion. （ D） The cre
10、ation of cuds. （ A） Cud. （ B） Reticulum. （ C） Bacteria. （ D） Grass. （ A） Because you have more opportunities. （ B） Because you have much pressure of your former colleagues. （ C） Because your old friends aren t watching you. （ D） Because everyone knows you in a new place. （ A） You may feel lonely and
11、 unhappy at the beginning. （ B） You cant find a good job. （ C） You may waste a lot of time. （ D） You have to leave your children. （ A） You should think about the future when you move. （ B） Moving brings opportunities as well as some problems. （ C） Husband and wife dont matter if he or she can benefi
12、t from the move. （ D） Children are always happy to move to a new city. （ A） Better memories. （ B） Better study habits. （ C） More efficient ways of conveying information. （ D） Greater abilities to deal with complex tasks. （ A） They can spend more time in mastering language. （ B） They don t make thing
13、s more complex. （ C） They have a good memory. （ D） They are not afraid of making mistakes. （ A） Because they have complex communication needs. （ B） Because they dont want to appear stupid. （ C） Because they are always in a hurry. （ D） Because they have to finish work first. （ A） Who are the better l
14、anguage learners, children or adults? （ B） Why do adults learn a foreign language? （ C） What are the advantages and disadvantages of adults in learning language? （ D） What are the troubles and worries of adults in learning language? Section A 26 As food is to the body, so is learning to the mind. Ou
15、r bodies grow and muscles develop with the【 C1】 _of adequate nutritious food. Likewise, we should keep learning day by day to maintain our keen mental power and expand our【 C2】_capacity. Constant learning【 C3】 _us with inexhaustible fuel for driving us to sharpen our power of reasoning, analysis, an
16、d judgment. Learning incessantly is the surest way to keep【 C4】 _with the times in the information age, and an infallible【 C5】 _of success in times of uncertainty. Once learning stops, vegetation sets in. It is a common fallacy to regard school as the only workshop for the【 C6】 _of knowledge. On the
17、 contrary, learning should be a never-ending process, from the cradle to the【 C7】 _. With the world ever changing so fast, the cease from learning for just a few days will make a person lag behind. What s worse, the animalistic instinct dormant deep in our subconsciousness will come to life, weakeni
18、ng our will to【 C8】 _our noble ideal, sapping our determi nation to sweep away【 C9】 _to our success and strangling our desire for the refinement of our character. Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the stagnation of the mind, or even worse, its fossilization. Therefore, to stay mentally young,
19、 we have to take learning as a【 C10】 _career. A)grave B)supplies C)pursue D)pace E)acquisition F)difficult G)intake H)warrant I)decoration J)intellectual K)learn L)determination M)mental N)lifelong O)obstacles 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】
20、 Section B 36 Animals on the Move A)It looked like a scene from “Jaws“ but without the dramatic music. A huge shark was lowly swimming through the water, its tail swinging back and forth like the pendulum of a clock. B)Suddenly sensitive nerve ending in the sharks skin picked up vibrations of a stru
21、ggling fish. The shark was immediately transformed into a deadly, efficient machine of death. With muscles taut, the shark knifed through the water at a rapid speed. In a flash the shark caught its victim, a large fish, in its powerful jaws. Then, jerking its head back and forth, the shark tore huge
22、 chunks of flesh from its victim and swallowed them. Soon the action was over. Moving to Survive C)In pursuing its prey, the shark demonstrated in a dramatic way the important role of movement, or locomotion, in animals. D)Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomot
23、ion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore new territories. The methods of locomotion include crawling, hopping, slithering, flying, swimming, or walking. E)Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rocket
24、s, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon. However, for other animals movement came about naturally through millions of years of evolution. One of the most successful examples of animal locomotion is that of the shark. Its ability to quickly zero in on its prey h
25、as always impressed scientists. But it took a detailed study by Duke University marine biologists S. A. Wainwright, F. Vosburgh, and J. H. Hebrank to find out how the sharks did it. In their study the scientists observed sharks swimming in a tank at Marine land in Saint Augustine, Fla. Movies were t
26、aken of the sharks movements and analyzed. Studies were also made of shark skin and muscle. Skin Is the Key F)The biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animals high efficiency in swimming through the water. The skin contains many fibers that crisscross like the inside of
27、 a belted radial tire. The fibers are called collagen fibers. These fibers can either store or release large amounts of energy depending on whether the fibers are relaxed or taut. When the fibers are stretched, energy is stored in them the way energy is stored in the string of a bow when pulled tigh
28、t. When the energy is released, the fibers become relaxed. G)The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming. During the bodys back and forth motion, fibers along the outside part of the bending body stretch greatly. Much po
29、tential energy is stored in the fibers. This energy is released when the shark s body snaps back the other way. H)As energy is alternately stored and released on both sides of the animals body, the tail whips strongly back and forth. This whip-like action propels the animal through the water like a
30、living bullet. Source of Energy I)What causes the fibers to store so much energy? In finding the answer the Duke University scientists learned that the shark s similarity to a belted radial tire doesn t stop with the skin. Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just unde
31、r the sharks collagen “radials“. Instead of air pressure, however, the pressure in the shark may be due to the force of the blood pressing on the collagen fibers. J)When the shark swims slowly, the pressure on the fibers is relatively low. The fibers are more relaxed, and the shark is able to bend i
32、ts body at sharp angles. The animal swims this way when looking around for food or just swimming. However, when the shark detects an important food source, some fantastic involuntary changes take place. K)The pressure inside the animal may increase by 10 times. This pressure change greatly stretches
33、 the fibers, enabling much energy to be stored. L)This energy is then transferred to the tail, and the shark is off. The rest of the story is predictable. Dolphin Has Speed Record M)Another fastmarine animal is the dolphin. This seagoing mammal has been clocked at speeds of 32 kilometers(20 miles)an
34、 hour. Biologists studying the dolphin have discovered that, like the shark, the animal s efficient locomotion can be traced to its skin. A dolphin s skin is made up in such a way that it offers very little resistance to the water flowing over it. Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly th
35、rough the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminar flow. However, at faster speeds the water becomes more turbulent along the moving fish. This turbulence muses friction and slows the fish down. N)In a dolphin the skin is so flexible that it bends and yield
36、s to the waviness of the water. O)The waves, in effect, become tucked into the skins folds. This allows the rest of the water to move smoothly by in a laminar flow. Where other animals would be slowed by turbulent water at rapid speeds, the dolphin can race through the water at record breaking speed
37、s. Other Animals Less Efficient P)Not all animals move as efficiently as sharks and dolphins. Perhaps the greatest loser in locomotion efficiency is the slug. The slug(鼻涕虫 ), which looks like a snail without a shell, lays down a slimy(黏滑的 )trail over which it crawls. It uses so much energy producing
38、 the slimy mucus(黏液 )and crawling over it that a mouse traveling the same distance uses only one twelfth as much energy. Q)Scientists say that because of the slugs inefficient use of energy, its lifestyle must be restricted. That is, the animals are forced to confine themselves to small areas for ob
39、taining food and finding proper living conditions. Have humans ever been faced with this kind of problem? 37 Most animals like sharks, use locomotion to escape enemies and find a mate. 38 When the shark swims slowly, the fibers are relaxed and pressure of them is low. 39 Slugs inefficient use of ene
40、rgy confines them to small areas. 40 During the bodys back and forth motion, much potential energy will be stored in the fibers. 41 The high efficiency in swimming of sharks largely dues to its skin. 42 Different kinds of inventions make human move around in nearly any kind of environment. 43 The ta
41、il whips, because the energy on each side of the body is different. 44 Ten times increase of pressure stretches fibers, and much energy will be stored in the process. 45 A dolphin s skin has very little resistance to flowing water. 46 Other animals would be slowed by turbulent water, while dolphin c
42、an race through at a high speed. Section C 46 From the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age. We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases. A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery. It is almost certain that one da
43、y remedies will be found for the most stubborn remaining diseases. The expectation of life has increased enormously. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible slaughter of men, women and children on the roads. Man vs t
44、he motor-car! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen. It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension
45、of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man s very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering-wheel. They are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-year-olds and utterly selfish. All
46、their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving. The surprising thing is that society smiles so benignly on the motorist and seems to condone his behavior. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost un
47、inhabitable because of heavy tragic: towns are made ugly by huge car parks: the countryside is desecrated by road networks: and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten. It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of h
48、uman life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of some the things that might be done.
49、The driving test should be standardized and made far more difficult than it is: all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so: the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21: all vehicles should be put through stringent annual tests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a person s driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws(where they exist)should be made much stricter. Maximum and minimum speed lim
